Abstract
To investigate the genetic characteristics of human influenza viruses circulating in Chungbuk province, we tested 510 clinical samples of nasopharyngeal suction from pediatric patients diagnosed with respiratory illness between June 2007 and June 2008. Genetic characterization of the HA genes of H3N2 isolates indicated the relative higher similarity to A/Virginia/04/07 (99.6%) rather than that of A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (98.4%), a Northern Hemisphere 2007~2008 vaccine strain, based on amino acid sequences. We found several altered amino acids at the H3 HA1 antigenic sites compared with the vaccine strain; K140I at site A, K158R at site B, and K173N (H471) or K173Q, and S262N at site E, but there was no antigenic shift among the H3N2 viruses. Interestingly, A/Cheongju/H383/08 and A/Cheongju/H407/08 isolates had single amino acid substitution at D151G on the catalytic site of the N2 NA while A/Cheongju/H412/08 and A/Cheongju/H398/07 isolates had one amino acid deletion at residue 146. Furthermore, we found that 25% (3 out of 12 isolates) of the H3N2 subtype viruses had the amino acid substitution at position 31 on the M2 protein (Aspartic acid to Asparagine) and confirmed their drug-resistance by biological assays. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrated continuous evolutions of human H3N2 viruses by antigenic drift and also highlighted the need to closely monitor antigenic drug resistance in influenza A viruses to aid in the early detection of potentially pandemic strains, as well as underscore the need for new therapeutics.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- A benchmark dataset of protein antigens for antigenicity measurement
Tianyi Qiu, Jingxuan Qiu, Yiyan Yang, Lu Zhang, Tiantian Mao, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jianqing Xu, Zhiwei Cao
Scientific Data.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Full Genome Characterization of Human Influenza A/H3N2 Isolates from Asian Countries Reveals a Rare Amantadine Resistance-Conferring Mutation and Novel PB1-F2 Polymorphisms
Hassan Zaraket, Hiroki Kondo, Akinobu Hibino, Ren Yagami, Takashi Odagiri, Nobuhiro Takemae, Ryota Tsunekuni, Takehiko Saito, Yi Yi Myint, Yadanar Kyaw, Khin Yi Oo, Htay Htay Tin, Nay Lin, Nguyen Phuong Anh, Nguyen Le Khanh Hang, Le Quynh Mai, Mohd R. Has
Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Phylogenetic, molecular and drug-sensitivity analysis of HA and NA genes of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in Guangdong, China, 2007–2011
P. HUANG, L.-J. LIANG, N.-M. HOU, X. ZHANG, W.-Z. SU, S.-Y. YU, Y.-H. ZHANG, J. WU, W. Q. CHEN
Epidemiology and Infection.2013; 141(5): 1061. CrossRef - Seroprevalence of subtype H3 influenza A virus in South Korean cats
Hye-Young Jeoung, Bo-Hye Shin, Won-Ha Lee, Dae-Sub Song, Young-Ki Choi, WooSeog Jeong, Jae-Young Song, Dong-Jun An
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.2012; 14(10): 746. CrossRef - Susceptibility of human H3N2 influenza virus to oseltamivir in South Korea, 2009–2011
Sehee Park, Jin Il Kim, Ilseob Lee, Sangmoo Lee, Min-Woong Hwang, Joon-Yong Bae, Jun Heo, Eun-Joo Lim, Won-Seok Seok, Hee Jin Cheong, Joon Young Song, Woo Joo Kim, Man-Seong Park
Journal of Microbiology.2012; 50(6): 1067. CrossRef - Full genomic analysis of an influenza A (H1N2) virus identified during 2009 pandemic in Eastern India: evidence of reassortment event between co-circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 and A/Brisbane/10/2007-like H3N2 strains
Tapasi Roy Mukherjee, Anurodh S Agrawal, Sekhar Chakrabarti, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Virology Journal.2012;[Epub] CrossRef - Antigenic epitope peptides of influenza H3N2 virus neuraminidase gene based on experiments
Jing Zhong, Ping Huang, MiaoHeng Wen, LiJun Liang, Xin Zhang, SongNuan Tan, XiaoLan Zhu
Chinese Science Bulletin.2012; 57(22): 2908. CrossRef - Virulence and Genetic Compatibility of Polymerase Reassortant Viruses Derived from the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus and Circulating Influenza A Viruses
Min-Suk Song, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Jun Han Lee, Yun Hee Baek, Kuk Jin Park, Hyeok-il Kwon, Su-Jin Park, Chul-Joong Kim, Hyunggee Kim, Richard J. Webby, Robert G. Webster, Young Ki Choi
Journal of Virology.2011; 85(13): 6275. CrossRef - Genetic characterization of circulating seasonal Influenza A viruses (2005–2009) revealed introduction of oseltamivir resistant H1N1 strains during 2009 in eastern India
Anurodh S. Agrawal, Mehuli Sarkar, Swati Ghosh, Tapasi Roy, Sekhar Chakrabarti, Renu Lal, Akhilesh C. Mishra, Mandeep S. Chadha, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2010; 10(8): 1188. CrossRef - Monoclonal antibodies isolated from human B cells neutralize a broad range of H1 subtype influenza A viruses including swine-origin Influenza virus (S-OIV)
Roberto Burioni, Filippo Canducci, Nicasio Mancini, Nicola Clementi, Monica Sassi, Donata De Marco, Roberta Antonia Diotti, Diego Saita, Michela Sampaolo, Giuseppe Sautto, Matteo Pianezze, Massimo Clementi
Virology.2010; 399(1): 144. CrossRef