Structural Insights into the Lipopolysaccharide Transport (Lpt) System as a Novel Antibiotic Target

Yurim Yoon; Saemee Song

doi:10.1007/s12275-024-00137-w

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Structural Insights into the Lipopolysaccharide Transport (Lpt) System as a Novel Antibiotic Target: Yurim Yoon, Saemee Song; Journal of Microbiology 2024;62(4):261-275.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00137-w
Published online: May 31, 2024

Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Saemee Song,
Email: saemee@krict.re.kr

Received: 19 March 2024 • Revised: 15 April 2024 • Accepted: 15 April 2024

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Abstract

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical component of the extracellular leaflet within the bacterial outer membrane, forming an effective physical barrier against environmental threats in Gram-negative bacteria. After LPS is synthesized and matured in the bacterial cytoplasm and the inner membrane (IM), LPS is inserted into the outer membrane (OM) through the ATP-driven LPS transport (Lpt) pathway, which is an energy-intensive process. A trans-envelope complex that contains seven Lpt proteins (LptA-LptG) is crucial for extracting LPS from the IM and transporting it across the periplasm to the OM. The last step in LPS transport involves the mediation of the LptDE complex, facilitating the insertion of LPS into the outer leaflet of the OM. As the Lpt system plays an essential role in maintaining the impermeability of the OM via LPS decoration, the interactions between these interconnected subunits, which are meticulously regulated, may be potential targets for the development of new antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of current research concerning the structural interactions within the Lpt system and their implications to clarify the function and regulation of LPS transport in the overall process of OM biogenesis. Additionally, we explored studies on the development of therapeutic inhibitors of LPS transport, the factors that limit success, and future prospects.

Keywords: Lipopolysaccharide · LPS transport (Lpt) system · Antibiotics · Outermembrane biogenesis · Gram-negative bacteria

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Structural Insights into the Lipopolysaccharide Transport (Lpt) System as a Novel Antibiotic Target

J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):261-275. Published online May 31, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00137-w

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