Biological and Chemical Approaches for Controlling Harmful <i>Microcystis</i> Blooms

Wonjae Kim; Yerim Park; Jaejoon Jung; Che Ok Jeon; Masanori Toyofuku; Jiyoung Lee; Woojun Park

doi:10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2

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Biological and Chemical Approaches for Controlling Harmful Microcystis Blooms: Wonjae Kim¹, Yerim Park¹, Jaejoon Jung², Che Ok Jeon², Masanori Toyofuku³, Jiyoung Lee^4,5, Woojun Park¹; Journal of Microbiology 2024;62(3):249-260.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2
Published online: April 8, 2024

¹Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
²Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
³Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
⁴Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
⁵Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

Corresponding author: Woojun Park,
Email: wpark@korea.ac.kr

Received: 26 December 2023 • Revised: 16 January 2024 • Accepted: 17 January 2024

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Abstract

The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa has become an increasingly serious problem in freshwater ecosystems due to climate change and eutrophication. Microcystis-blooms in freshwater generate compounds with unpleasant odors, reduce the levels of dissolved O₂, and excrete microcystins into aquatic ecosystems, potentially harming various organisms, including humans. Various chemical and biological approaches have thus been developed to mitigate the impact of the blooms, though issues such as secondary pollution and high economic costs have not been adequately addressed. Red clays and H₂O₂ are conventional treatment methods that have been employed worldwide for the mitigation of the blooms, while novel approaches, such as the use of plant or microbial metabolites and antagonistic bacteria, have also recently been proposed. Many of these methods rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the inhibition of photosynthesis, and/or the disruption of cellular membranes as their mechanisms of action, which may also negatively impact other freshwater microbiota. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anticyanobacterial chemicals and antagonistic bacteria remain unclear. This review thus discusses both conventional and innovative approaches for the management of M. aeruginosa in freshwater bodies.

Keywords: Freshwater cyanobacterial bloom;Microcystis microbiome;Toxic cyanobacteria;Associated bacteria;Antagonistic bacteria;Cyanobactericidal chemicals

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Biological and Chemical Approaches for Controlling Harmful Microcystis Blooms

J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):249-260. Published online April 8, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2

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