Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health

Ye Eun Ra; Ye‑Ji Bang

doi:10.1007/s12275-024-00122-3

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Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health: Ye Eun Ra¹, Ye‑Ji Bang^1,2,3; Journal of Microbiology 2024;62(3):167-179.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00122-3
Published online: April 17, 2024

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
²Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
³Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Ye‑Ji Bang,
Email: yeji.bang@snu.ac.kr

Received: 18 December 2023 • Revised: 15 February 2024 • Accepted: 16 February 2024

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Abstract

The human gut houses a diverse and dynamic microbiome critical for digestion, metabolism, and immune development, exerting profound efects on human health. However, these microorganisms pose a potential threat by breaching the gut barrier, entering host tissues, and triggering infections, uncontrolled infammation, and even sepsis. The intestinal epithelial cells form the primary defense, acting as a frontline barrier against microbial invasion. Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), produced by these cells, serve as innate immune efectors that regulate the gut microbiome by directly killing or inhibiting microbes. Abnormal AMP production, whether insufcient or excessive, can disturb the microbiome equilibrium, contributing to various intestinal diseases. This review delves into the complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota and sheds light on the role of AMPs in governing host-microbiota interactions. We discuss the function and mechanisms of action of AMPs, their regulation by the gut microbiota, microbial evasion strategies, and the consequences of AMP dysregulation in disease. Understanding these complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota is crucial for developing strategies to enhance immune responses and combat infections within the gut microbiota. Ongoing research continues to uncover novel aspects of this intricate relationship, deepening our understanding of the factors shaping gut health. This knowledge has the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions, ofering enhanced treatments for a wide range of gut-related diseases.

Keywords: Gut microbiota · Antimicrobial proteins · Intestinal epithelial cells · Intestinal immunity · Intestinal health

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Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health

J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):167-179. Published online April 17, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00122-3

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