Biophysical characterization of antibacterial compounds derived from pathogenic fungi Ganoderma boninense

Syahriel Abdullah; Yoon Sin Oh; Min-Kyu Kwak; KhimPhin Chong

doi:10.1007/s12275-021-0551-8

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Biophysical characterization of antibacterial compounds derived from pathogenic fungi Ganoderma boninense: Syahriel Abdullah ¹, Yoon Sin Oh ², Min-Kyu Kwak ², KhimPhin Chong ¹; Journal of Microbiology 2021;59(2):164-174.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0551-8
Published online: December 23, 2020

¹Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, ²Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea¹Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, ²Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Food and Nutrition Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Min-Kyu Kwak , Tel: +82-31-740-7418,
KhimPhin Chong , Tel: +82-31-740-7418,

Received: 28 October 2020 • Revised: 10 November 2020 • Accepted: 10 November 2020

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Abstract

There have been relatively few studies which support a link between Ganoderma boninense, a phytopathogenic fungus that is particularly cytotoxic and pathogenic to plant tissues and roots, and antimicrobial compounds. We previously observed that liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using chloroformmethanol- water at a ratio (1:1:1) was superior at detecting antibacterial activities and significant quantities of antibacterial compounds. Herein, we demonstrate that antibacterial secondary metabolites are produced from G. boninense mycelia. Antibacterial compounds were monitored in concurrent biochemical and biophysical experiments. The combined
methods
included high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The antibacterial compounds derived from mycelia with chloroform-methanol extraction through LLE were isolated via a gradient solvent elution system using HPTLC. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was observed to be the most potent against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and multidrug-resistant S. aureus NCTC 11939. GC-MS, HPLC, and FTIR analysis confirmed two antibacterial compounds, which were identified as 4,4,14α-trimethylcholestane (m/z = 414.75; lanostane, C30H54) and ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (m/z = 396.65; ergosterol, C28H44O). With the aid of spectroscopic evaluations, ganoboninketal (m/z = 498.66, C30H42O6), which belongs to the 3,4-seco-27-norlanostane triterpene family, was additionally characterized by 2D-NMR analysis. Despite the lack of antibacterial potential exhibited by lanostane; both ergosterol and ganoboninketal displayed significant antibacterial activities against bacterial pathogens. Results provide evidence for the existence of bioactive compounds in the mycelia of the relatively unexplored phytopathogenic G. boninense, together with a robust method for estimating the corresponding potent antibacterial secondary metabolites.

Keywords: LC3;Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae;autophagy;p62;replication

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Biophysical characterization of antibacterial compounds derived from pathogenic fungi Ganoderma boninense

J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):164-174. Published online December 23, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0551-8

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