Characterization of a novel dsRNA mycovirus of Trichoderma atroviride NFCF377 reveals a member of “Fusagraviridae” with changes in antifungal activity of the host fungus

Jeesun Chun; Byeonghak Na; Dae-Hyuk Kim

doi:10.1007/s12275-020-0380-1

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Characterization of a novel dsRNA mycovirus of Trichoderma atroviride NFCF377 reveals a member of “Fusagraviridae” with changes in antifungal activity of the host fungus: Jeesun Chun ¹, Byeonghak Na ², Dae-Hyuk Kim ³; Journal of Microbiology 2020;58(12):1046-1053.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0380-1
Published online: October 23, 2020

¹Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea, ²Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea, ³Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Dae-Hyuk Kim , Tel: +82-63-270-3440,

Received: 21 July 2020 • Revised: 8 September 2020 • Accepted: 9 September 2020

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Abstract

Trichoderma atroviride is a common fungus found in various ecosystems that shows mycoparasitic ability on other fungi. A novel dsRNA virus was isolated from T. atroviride NFCF377 strain and its molecular features were analyzed. The viral genome consists of a single segmented double-stranded RNA and is 9,584 bp in length, with two discontinuous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). A mycoviral structural protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are encoded by ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, between which is found a canonical shifty heptameric signal motif (AAAAAAC) followed by an RNA pseudoknot. Analysis of sequence similarity and phylogeny showed that it is closely related to members of the proposed family “Fusagraviridae”, with a highest similarity to the Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1). Although the sequence similarity of deduced amino acid to TaMV1 was evident, sequence deviations were distinctive at untranslated regions (UTRs) due to the extended size. Thus, we inferred this dsRNA to be a different strain of Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1-NFCF377). Electron microscopy image exhibited an icosahedral viral particle of 40 nm diameter. Virus-cured isogenic isolates were generated and no differences in growth rate, colony morphology, or conidia production were observed between virus-infected and virus-cured strains. However, culture filtrates of TaMV1- NFCF377-infected strain showed enhanced antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani but not to edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. These results suggested that TaMV1-NFCF377 affected the metabolism of the fungal host to potentiate antifungal compounds against a plant pathogen, but this enhanced antifungal activity appeared to be species-specific.

Keywords: Trichoderma atroviride, mycovirus, “Fusagraviridae”, TaMV1-NFCF377

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Characterization of a novel dsRNA mycovirus of Trichoderma atroviride NFCF377 reveals a member of “Fusagraviridae” with changes in antifungal activity of the host fungus

J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):1046-1053. Published online October 23, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0380-1

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