Abstract
As an ancient seed plant, cycads are one of the few gymnosperms
that develop a root symbiosis with cyanobacteria,
which has allowed cycads to cope with harsh geologic and
climatic conditions during the evolutionary process. However,
the endophytic microbes in cycad roots remain poorly identified.
In this study, using next-generation sequencing techniques,
we investigated the microbial diversity and composition
of both the coralloid and regular roots of Cycas bifida
(Dyer) K.D. Hill. Highly diverse endophytic communities were
observed in both the coralloid and regular roots. Of the associated
bacteria, the top five families were the Nostocaceae,
Sinobacteraceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Bacillaceae, and Hyphomicrobiaceae.
The Nectriaceae, Trichocomaceae, and Incertae
sedis were the predominant fungal families in all root samples.
A significant difference in the endophytic bacterial community
was detected between coralloid roots and regular
roots, but no difference was observed between the fungal communities
in the two root types. Cyanobacteria were more dominant
in coralloid roots than in regular roots. The divergence
of cycad root structures and the modified physiological
processes may have contributed to the abundance of cyanobionts
in coralloid roots. Consequently, the colonization of
cyanobacteria inhibits the assemblage of other endophytes.
Our results contribute to an understanding of the species diversity
and composition of the cycad-endophyte microbiome
and provide an abbreviated list of potential ecological roles
of the core microbes present.
Citations
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