Abstract
Fertilization and the response of the soil microbial community
to the process significantly affect crop yield and the environment.
In this study, the seasonal variation in the bacterial
communities in rice field soil subjected to different
fertilization treatments for more than 50 years was investigated
using 16S rRNA sequencing. The simultaneous application
of inorganic fertilizers and rice straw compost (CAPK)
maintained the species richness of the bacterial communities
at levels higher than that in the case of non-fertilization (NF)
and application of inorganic fertilizers only (APK) in the initial
period of rice growth. The seasonal variation in the bacterial
community structure in the NF and APK plots showed
cyclic behavior, suggesting that the effect of season was important;
however, no such trend was observed in the CAPK
plot. In the CAPK plot, the relative abundances of putative
copiotrophs such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria
were higher and those of putative oligotrophs such
as Acidobacteria and Plactomycetes were lower than those in
the other plots. The relative abundances of organotrophs with
respiratory metabolism, such as Actinobacteria, were lower
and those of chemoautotrophs that oxidize reduced iron and
sulfur compounds were higher in the CAPK plot, suggesting
greater carbon storage in this plot. Increased methane emission
and nitrogen deficiency, which were inferred from the
higher abundances of Methylocystis and Bradyrhizobium in
the CAPK plot, may be a negative effect of rice straw application;
thus, a solution for these should be considered to increase
the use of renewable resources in agricultural lands.
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