Microbial Community Analysis and Identification of Alternative Host-Specific Fecal Indicators in Fecal and River Water Samples Using Pyrosequencing

Ju-Yong Jeong; Hee-Deung Park; Kyong-Hee Lee; Hang-Yeon Weon; Jong-Ok Ka

doi:10.1007/s12275-011-0530-6

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Microbial Community Analysis and Identification of Alternative Host-Specific Fecal Indicators in Fecal and River Water Samples Using Pyrosequencing: Ju-Yong Jeong ^1,2, Hee-Deung Park ³, Kyong-Hee Lee ¹, Hang-Yeon Weon ⁴, Jong-Ok Ka ²; Journal of Microbiology 2011;49(4):585-594.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0530-6
Published online: September 2, 2011

¹Department of Water Quality Research, Gyeonggi-do Institute of Health and Environment, Suwon 440-290, Republic of Korea, ²Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea, ³School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea, ⁴Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 441-853, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Jong-Ok Ka , Tel: +82-2-880-4673,

Received: 20 December 2010 • Accepted: 31 March 2011

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Abstract

It is important to know the comprehensive microbial communities of fecal pollution sources and receiving water bodies for microbial source tracking. Pyrosequencing targeting the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate the characteristics of bacterial and Bacteroidales communities in major fecal sources and river waters. Diversity analysis indicated that cow feces had the highest diversities in the bacterial and Bacteroidales group followed by the pig sample, with human feces having the lowest value. The Bacteroidales, one of the potential fecal indicators, totally dominated in the fecal samples accounting for 31%-52% of bacterial sequences, but much less (0.6%) in the river water. Clustering and Venn diagram analyses showed that the human sample had a greater similarity to the pig sample in the bacterial and Bacteroidales communities than to samples from other hosts. Traditional fecal indicators, i.e., Escherichia coli, were detected in the human and river water samples at very low rates and Clostridium perfringens and enterococci were not detected in any samples. Besides the Bacteroidales group, some microorganisms detected in the specific hosts, i.e., Parasutterella excrementihominis, Veillonella sp., Dialister invisus, Megamonas funiformis, and Ruminococcus lactaris for the human and Lactobacillus amylovorus and Atopostipes sp. for the pig, could be used as potential host-specific fecal indicators. These microorganisms could be used as multiple fecal indicators that are not dependent on the absence or presence of a single indicator. Monitoring for multiple indicators that are highly abundant and host-specific would greatly enhance the effectiveness of fecal pollution source tracking.

Keywords: bacteroidales;microbial source tracking;potential fecal indicator;pyrosequencing

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Microbial Community Analysis and Identification of Alternative Host-Specific Fecal Indicators in Fecal and River Water Samples Using Pyrosequencing

J. Microbiol. 2011;49(4):585-594. Published online September 2, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0530-6

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