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Crystal structure of Bcl-2 from lymphocystis disease virus 2 in complex with the BH3 domain of zebrafish BaxA
Dahwan Lim, So Hyeon Park, Joon Sig Choi, Ho-Chul Shin, Seung Jun Kim, Bonsu Ku
Received December 9, 2025  Accepted March 5, 2026  Published online April 23, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2512006    [Epub ahead of print]
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Lymphocystis disease viruses (LCDVs), members of the Lymphocystivirus genus of the Iridoviridae family, infect various freshwater and marine fish species. They cause the chronic disease lymphocystis, which is non-fatal, but substantially reduces the commercial value of the infected fish. To date, four genotypes of LCDV (LCDV1–4) have been identified, all of which encode the viral homologue of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), a key inhibitor of apoptosis. In this study, we performed biochemical and structural analyses of LCDV2 Bcl-2. Binding assays revealed that LCDV2 Bcl-2 exhibits binding selectivity toward BH3 domain-containing zebrafish proteins. It interacted with zBaxA and zNoxa, but not with zBaxB, zBid, or zBeclin 1, distinguishing it from mammalian and herpesviral Bcl-2 proteins. Subsequent structural determination of LCDV2 Bcl-2 in complex with the BH3 domain of zBaxA demonstrated that they interact in a canonical manner, primarily mediated by the BH3 consensus motif residues of zBaxA. In addition, a subpocket formed by two phenylalanine residues in LCDV2 Bcl-2 plays a key role in determining binding selectivity.

Identification and Characterization of HEPN‑MNT Type II TA System from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH
Wonho Choi , Anoth Maharjan , Hae Gang Im , Ji-Young Park , Jong-Tae Park , Jung-Ho Park
J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):411-421.   Published online April 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00041-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea plasmids and genomes to regulate DNA replication, gene transcr!ption, or protein translation. Higher eukaryotic and prokaryotic nucleotide-binding (HEPN) and minimal nucleotidyltransferase (MNT) domains are prevalent in prokaryotic genomes and constitute TA pairs. However, three gene pairs (MTH304/305, 408/409, and 463/464) of Methanothermobacter thermautotropicus ΔH HEPN-MNT family have not been studied as TA systems. Among these candidates, our study characterizes the MTH463/MTH464 TA system. MTH463 expression inhibited Escherichia coli growth, whereas MTH464 did not and blocked MTH463 instead. Using site-directed MTH463 mutagenesis, we determined that amino acids R99G, H104A, and Y106A from the R[ɸX]4-6H motif are involved with MTH463 cell toxicity. Furthermore, we established that purified MTH463 could degrade MS2 phage RNA, whereas purified MTH464 neutralized MTH463 activity in vitro. Our results indicate that the endonuclease toxin MTH463 (encoding a HEPN domain) and its cognate antitoxin MTH464 (encoding the MNT domain) may act as a type II TA system in M. thermautotropicus ΔH. This study provides initial and essential information studying TA system functions, primarily archaea HEPN-MNT family.

Citations

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  • Extensive Genomic Rearrangement of Catalase-Less Cyanobloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa in Freshwater Ecosystems
    Minkyung Kim, Jaejoon Jung, Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Che Ok Jeon, Woojun Park
    Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(11): 933.     CrossRef

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