Two novel bacterial strains, designated CJ20T and CJ99T, belonging to the genus Sphingomonas, were isolated from the Han River in South Korea and a wetland in South Korea, respectively. Cells of both strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and yellow-pigmented. Strains were shown to grow optimally at 30˚C and pH 7 in the absence of NaCl on tryptic soy medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains CJ20T and CJ99T belonged to the genus Sphingomonas and were most closely related to S. asaccharolytica Y-345T and Sphingomonas koreensis JSS26T with 97.87% and 97.58% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain CJ20T with S. asaccharolytica Y-345T were 74.1% and 15.9%, respectively and those values of strain CJ99T with S. koreensis JSS26T were 73.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Both strains contained ubiquinone (Q-10) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strains CJ20T and CJ99T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and sphingoglycolipid. The predominant fatty acids of both strains were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c) and C16:0. Based on polyphasic taxonomic analyses, strains CJ20T and CJ99T represent novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which names Sphingomonas degradans sp. nov. and Sphingomonas paludis are proposed, respectively. The type strains are CJ20T (= KACC 23909 = JCM 37720) and CJ99T (= KACC 24077 = JCM 37956).
Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated IMCC43444T and IMCC44478T, were isolated from surface seawater collected off Deokjeok Island and Jangbong Island, respectively, in the Yellow Sea. The two strains shared 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other but exhibited ≤ 96.2% similarity to validly published species of the genus Robiginitalea. Complete whole-genome sequences of IMCC43444T and IMCC44478T were 3.21 Mb and 3.30 Mb in size, with DNA G + C contents of 46.5% and 46.4%, respectively. Genome-based relatedness analyses revealed average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 90.7% and 42.9% between the two strains, which are well below the accepted species-level thresholds. Furthermore, ANI (≤ 70.2%) and dDDH (≤ 17.8%) values relative to type strains of Robiginitalea species supported the conclusion that strains IMCC43444T and IMCC44478T each represent novel species within the genus. Chemotaxonomic characterization showed that iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and iso-C15:1 G were the major fatty acids of both strains; menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was the sole isoprenoid quinone; and the major polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipids, aminolipids, phospholipids, and other unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic evidence, strains IMCC43444T and IMCC44478T are proposed as two novel species, Robiginitalea rubriflava sp. nov. and Robiginitalea insularis sp. nov., respectively. The type strains are IMCC43444T (= KCTC 102397T = JCM 37893T) and IMCC44478T (= KCTC 102398T = JCM 37894T).
Two Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacteria, designated IMCC43871T and IMCC45206T, were isolated from coastal surface seawater collected from the Yellow Sea and the South Sea of Korea, respectively. The two strains shared 99.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and exhibited ≤ 98.4% similarity to three described Rubrivirga species. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between IMCC43871T and IMCC45206T were 88.5% and 36.3%, respectively, confirming that they represent two distinct species. Their ANI (≤ 77.7%) and dDDH (≤ 21.4%) values relative to the type strains of the genus Rubrivirga further supported the recognition of strains IMCC43871T and IMCC45206T as two novel species within the genus. The complete genomes of IMCC43871T (4.17 Mb, 71.8% G + C content) and IMCC45206T (4.17 Mb, 72.8% G + C content) fall within the known genomic range of the genus. Cellular fatty acid, quinone, and polar lipid profiles were consistent with the chemotaxonomic features of the genus Rubrivirga, supporting their affiliation with the genus. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic evidence, strains IMCC43871T and IMCC45206T are proposed as two novel species, Rubrivirga aquatilis sp. nov. and Rubrivirga halophila sp. nov., respectively. The type strains are IMCC43871T (= KCTC 102072T = NBRC 116463T) and IMCC45206T (= KCTC 92925T = NBRC 116172T = CCTCC AB 2023136T).
Two rod-shaped, Gram-positive, spore-forming, motile, and strictly anaerobic bacteria, FM7315T and FM7330T were isolated from Myeolchi-jeot, a traditional Korean fermented anchovy. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences revealed that strains FM7315T and FM7330T represent novel species within the genus Haloimpatiens. The genome sizes of strains FM7315T and FM7330T were 3,052,517 bp and 4,194,114 bp, respectively, with G + C contents of 29.7 mol% and 28.0 mol%, respectively. Strain FM7315T exhibited growth at 20–37°C, 0–2% NaCl, and pH range of 5.0–8.0, whereas strain FM7330T grew at 25–45°C, 0–4% NaCl, and pH range of 5.0–9.0. Strain FM7315T contains C14:0, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c, Summed Feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c), and Summed Feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c) as major fatty acids, along with diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, two aminophospholipids, and five unidentified lipids. Strain FM7330T contains C16:0, C17:1 ω8c, and C18:1 ω9c as major fatty acids, along with diphosphatidylglycerol, two phosphatidylglycerols, four aminophospholipids, and six unidentified lipids. Based on their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular characteristics, strains FM7315T and FM7330T represent two novel species of the genus Haloimpatiens, for which the names Haloimpatiens sporogenes sp. nov. (FM7315T = KCTC 25939T = JCM 37574T) and Haloimpatiens myeolchijeotgali sp. nov. (FM7330T = KCTC 25938T = JCM 37575T) have been proposed.
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