Journal of Microbiology

Reviews

Emerging synthetic biology-assisted technologies for overcoming antibiotic resistance: CRISPR-Cas, bacteriophage, microbiome, and metabolic engineering-based solutions: Yujeong Oh, Hyunjin Lee, Sungho Jang; J. Microbiol. 2026;64(3):e2512002. Published online March 31, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2512002

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Antibiotic resistance has become a critical global health challenge due to the decreased efficacy of existing antibiotics and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. In particular, the rapid horizontal transfer of resistance genes and the diverse mechanisms by which bacteria acquire resistance have significantly undermined the effectiveness of conventional therapeutic strategies, revealing fundamental limitations in current infectious disease management. In this context, synthetic biology provides a promising framework to overcome the limitations of conventional antibiotics by integrating engineering principles with bioengineering approaches, thereby enabling precise and programmable control of biological processes. These synthetic biology-based approaches offer substantial potential for developing sustainable and highly specific antimicrobial strategies. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in synthetic biology-assisted antimicrobial strategies, including CRISPR-Cas systems, bacteriophage engineering, microbiome engineering, and metabolic engineering-driven antibiotic discovery. Collectively, these approaches represent a precision antimicrobial paradigm that enables selective targeting of resistant bacteria while preserving microbiome homeostasis. These strategies also provide new directions for limiting resistance dissemination and guiding the development of next-generation therapeutics.

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Pioneering strategies for overcoming bacterial drug resistance
Byoung Sik Kim
Journal of Microbiology.2026; 64(3): e2603100. CrossRef

CRISPR-Cas technologies: Emerging tools from research to clinical application: Hana Hyeon, Soonhye Hwang, Yongyang Luo, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Hong-Man Kim, Minkyung Ryu, Kangseok Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(8):e2504012. Published online August 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2504012

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Abstract PDF

CRISPR-Cas technologies have emerged as powerful and versatile tools in gene therapy. In addition to the widely used SpCas9 system, alternative platforms including modified amino acid sequences, size-optimized variants, and other Cas enzymes from diverse bacterial species have been developed to apply this technology in various genetic contexts. In addition, base editors and prime editors for precise gene editing, the Cas13 system targeting RNA, and CRISPRa/i systems have enabled diverse and adaptable approaches for genome and RNA editing, as well as for regulating gene expression. Typically, CRISPR-Cas components are transported to the target in the form of DNA, RNA, or ribonucleoprotein complexes using various delivery methods, such as electroporation, adeno-associated viruses, and lipid nanoparticles. To amplify therapeutic efficiency, continued developments in targeted delivery technologies are required, with increased safety and stability of therapeutic biomolecules. CRISPR-based therapeutics hold an inexhaustible potential for the treatment of many diseases, including rare congenital diseases, by making permanent corrections at the genomic DNA level. In this review, we present various CRISPR-based tools, their delivery systems, and clinical progress in the CRISPR-Cas technology, highlighting its innovative prospects for gene therapy.

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CRISPR: a precise genome editing strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Subhrojyoti Mukherjee, Manish Kumar
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2025; : 1. CrossRef

Articles

Efficient CRISPR-based genome editing for inducible degron systems to enable temporal control of protein function in large double-stranded DNA virus genomes: Kihye Shin, Eui Tae Kim; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(9):e2504008. Published online August 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2504008

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Abstract PDF

CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing enables precise genetic modifications. However, its application to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains challenging due to the large size of the viral genome and the essential roles of key regulatory genes. Here, we establish an optimized CRISPR-Cas9 system for precise labeling and functional analysis of HCMV immediate early (IE) genes. By integrating a multifunctional cassette encoding an auxin-inducible degron (AID), a self-cleaving peptide (P2A), and GFP into the viral genome via homology-directed repair (HDR), we achieved efficient knock-ins without reliance on bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning, a labor-intensive and time-consuming approach. We optimized delivery strategies, donor template designs, and component ratios to enhance HDR efficiency, significantly improving knock-in success rates. This system enables real-time fluorescent tracking and inducible protein degradation, allowing temporal control of essential viral proteins through auxin-mediated depletion. Our approach provides a powerful tool for dissecting the dynamic roles of viral proteins throughout the HCMV life cycle, facilitating a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

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Viral genome editing methods and applications in the CRISPR era
Kihye Shin, Eui Tae Kim, Herman W. Favoreel
Journal of Virology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Time-resolved analysis of Bacillus subtilis DB104 Spo0A-mutant transcriptome profile and enhancement of recombinant protein release: Ji-Su Jun, Soo Ji Kang, Kwang-Won Hong; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(5):e2411032. Published online May 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2411032

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Spo0A, the master regulator of sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis, controls over 500 genes directly or indirectly in early sporulation stages. Although the effects of Spo0A disruption on sporulation have been extensively studied, a comprehensive understanding of the genomic response throughout growth phases remain elusive. Here, we examined the transcriptomic changes in Spo0A mutant strain, R211E, and wild-type across a time-course RNA-seq to identify impacted biological processes and pathways. The R211E strain, which exhibits sporulation deficiency, was constructed using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein (Cas)9 system, highlighting the critical role of proper Cas9 dosing in gene editing. Functional analysis of 3,010 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed significant alterations in sporulation, quorum sensing, metabolism, and biofilm formation. The R211E disrupted the Spo0A-AbrB regulatory pathway, reducing biofilm formation and enhancing flagellar gene expression. Up-regulated metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, histidine, and purine biosynthesis, increased cell numbers during vegetative growth. Further, the mutant displayed elevated vegetative autolysin expression, resulting in reduced cell viability in the stationary phase. We also introduce the novel potential of R211E in a recombinant protein expression system that facilitated protein release into the supernatant, providing valuable insight for future research in metabolic engineering and efficient production systems in B. subtilis.

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Novel Regulatory Interplay between FtsH and Spo0A∼P in Bacillus cereus 0–9 Biofilm Formation: A Potential Target for Antibiofilm Strategies
Xingwang Han, Pengfei Wang, Hao Zhang, Haodong Wang, Fengying Liu, Yange Fan, Xi Xiong, Juanmei Zhang, Gang Wang
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Transcriptome-Guided Analysis and Application of the Mechanisms Influencing PamyE Promoter Activity
Jiejie Guo, Weihong Wang, Yifan Tong, Dengke Li, Weixia Gao, Yu Li, Fuping Lu
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2025; 73(51): 32637. CrossRef

Single nucleotide genome recognition and selective bacterial lysis using synthetic phages loaded with CRISPR-Cas12f1-truncated sgRNA: Ho Joung Lee, Song Hee Jeong, Sang Jun Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(2):e2501012. Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2501012

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Phage specificity primarily relies on host cell-surface receptors. However, integrating cas genes and guide RNAs into phage genomes could enhance their target specificity and regulatory effects. In this study, we developed a CRISPR-Cas12f1 system-equipped bacteriophage λ model capable of detecting Escherichia coli target genes. We demonstrated that synthetic λ phages carrying Cas12f1-sgRNA can effectively prevent lysogen formation. Furthermore, we showcased that truncating the 3'-end of sgRNA enables precise identification of single-nucleotide variations in the host genome. Moreover, infecting E. coli strains carrying various stx2 gene subtypes encoding Shiga toxin with bacteriophages harboring Cas12f1 and truncated sgRNAs resulted in the targeted elimination of strains with matching subtype genes. These findings underscore the ability of phages equipped with the CRISPR-Cas12f1 system to precisely control microbial hosts by recognizing genomic sequences with high resolution.

H-NS is a Transcriptional Repressor of the CRISPR-Cas System in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606: Kyeongmin Kim, Md Maidul Islam, Seunghyeok Bang, Jeongah Kim, Chung-Young Lee, Je Chul Lee, Minsang Shin; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):999-1012. Published online November 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00182-5

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Abstract PDF

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen primarily associated with hospital-acquired infections. The bacterium can gain multidrug resistance through several mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer. A CRISPR-Cas system including several Cas genes could restrict the horizontal gene transfer. However, the molecular mechanism of CRISPR- Cas transcriptional regulation remains unclear. We identified a type I-F CRISPR-Cas system in A. baumannii ATCC 19606^T standard strain based on sequence analysis. We focused on the transcriptional regulation of Cas3, a key protein of the CRISPR-Cas system. We performed a DNA affinity chromatography-pulldown assay to identify transcriptional regulators of the Cas3 promoter. We identified several putative transcriptional factors, such as H-NS, integration host factor, and HU, that can bind to the promoter region of Cas3. We characterized AbH-NS using size exclusion chromatography and cross-linking experiments and demonstrated that the Cas3 promoter can be regulated by AbH-NS in a concentration-dependent manner via an in vitro transcription assay. CRISPR-Cas expression levels in wild-type and hns mutant strains in the early stationary phase were examined by qPCR and β-galactosidase assay. We found that H-NS can act as a repressor of Cas3. Our transformation efficiency results indicated that the hns mutation decreased the transformation efficiency, while the Cas3 mutation increased it. We report the existence and characterization of the CRISPR-Cas system in A. baumannii 19606^T and demonstrate that AbH-NS is a transcriptional repressor of CRISPR-Cas-related genes in A. baumannii.

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The H-NS homologues MvaT and MvaU repress CRISPR-Cas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Kira Céline Koonce, Jesper Juel Mauritzen, Ida Friberg Hitz, Emil Funk Vangsgaard, Elizabeth H. M. Putz, Anne Sofie Wajn, Frederik Hagelund Leth, Nina Molin Høyland-Kroghsbo
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
BaeR and H-NS control CRISPR-Cas-mediated immunity and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii
Ting Yu, Jun Xie, Xinyue Huang, Jiayuan Huang, Guangyu Bao, Wenjie Yuan, Chengfeng Gao, Cuicui Liu, Jian Hu, Weixuan Yang, Guocai Li, Ryan McClure
mSystems.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Mammaliicoccus sciuri's Pan-Immune System and the Dynamics of Horizontal Gene Transfer among Staphylococcaceae: a One-Health CRISPR Tale: Allan de Carvalho, Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval, Ciro César Rossi; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(9):775-784. Published online July 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00156-7

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Abstract PDF

Recently emancipated from the Staphylococcus genus due to genomic differences, Mammaliicoccus sciuri, previously classified as an occasional pathogen, emerges as a significant player in the landscape of resistance gene dissemination among Staphylococcaceae. Despite its classification, its role remained enigmatic. In this study, we delved into the genomic repertoire of M. sciuri to unravel its contribution to resistance and virulence gene transfer in the context of One Health. Through comprehensive analysis of publicly available genomes, we unveiled a diverse pan-immune system adept at defending against exogenous genetic elements, yet concurrently fostering horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Specifically, exploration of CRISPR-Cas systems, with spacer sequences as molecular signatures, elucidated a global dissemination pattern spanning environmental, animal, and human hosts. Notably, we identified the integration of CRISPR-Cas systems within SCCmecs (Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec), harboring key genes associated with pathogenicity and resistance, especially the methicillin resistance gene mecA, suggesting a strategic adaptation to outcompete other mobile genetic elements. Our findings underscored M. sciuri's active engagement in HGT dynamics and evolutionary trajectories within Staphylococcaceae, emphasizing its central role in shaping microbial communities and highlighting the significance of understanding its implications in the One Health framework, an interdisciplinary approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health to address global health challenges.

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Metagenomic Comparison of Bat Colony Resistomes Across Anthropogenic and Pristine Habitats
Julio David Soto-López, Omar Velásquez-González, Manuel A. Barrios-Izás, Moncef Belhassen-García, Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido, Pedro Fernández-Soto, Antonio Muro
Antibiotics.2026; 15(1): 51. CrossRef
Staphylococcal phages as agents of evolution and innovation: From gene flow to next-generation therapeutics
Ciro César Rossi, Felipe Castro Oliveira de Brito Teixeira, Giarlã Cunha da Silva, Monalessa Fábia Pereira, Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
Genetics and Molecular Biology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
pTJK, a rare Mammaliicoccus lentus phage with broad-host-range, antibiofilm, and synergistic interactions with antimicrobials against resistant Staphylococcaceae
Faizan Ahmad, Pedro Rocha Garcia, Vitor Emanuel Lanes Viana, Sandy de Almada Estanislau, Nohman Rasheed, Rafael Reis de Rezende, Eduardo Luís Menezes de Almeida, Poliane Alfenas Zerbini, Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz, Monalessa Fábia Pereira, Marcia Giambiag
Archives of Microbiology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mammaliicoccus sciuri as a sentinel for antimicrobial resistance and virulence: genomic epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and control in the one health era
Sana Dhaouadi, Yacine Titouche, Fadoua Dhaouadi, Madjid Akkou, Ramzi Boubaker Elandoulsi
Veterinary Research Communications.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
From Farm to Community: Dispersal of Potentially Pathogenic Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus Species and Antimicrobial Resistance Across Shared Environments
Faizan Ahmad, Samuel Sathler Martuchelle, Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira, Vitor Emanuel Lanes Viana, Maria Antônia Silva Melo Sousa, Felipe Sicchierolli da Silveira, Marisa Alves Nogueira-Diaz, Monalessa Fábia Pereira, Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval, Ciro César Ro
Current Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genomic insights into multidrug and heavy metal resistance in Chryseobacterium sp. BI5 isolated from sewage sludge
Mrinmoy Patra, Anand Kumar Pandey, Suresh Kumar Dubey
Total Environment Microbiology.2025; 1(1): 100005. CrossRef
The Arms Race Between Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Its Genetic Environment: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Defensome and Mobile Genetic Elements
Giarlã Cunha da Silva, Ciro César Rossi
Molecular Microbiology.2025; 124(1): 40. CrossRef
Defense systems and mobile elements in Staphylococcus haemolyticus: a genomic view of resistance dissemination
Giarlã Cunha da Silva, Ciro César Rossi
Microbial Pathogenesis.2025; 206: 107808. CrossRef
Frequency, Distribution, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus sciuri Isolated from Dogs and Their Owners in Rio de Janeiro
Fernanda Cruz Bonnard, Luciana Guimarães, Izabel Mello Teixeira, Sandryelle Mercês Freire, Alessandra Maia, Patrícia Câmara de Castro Abreu Pinto, Thais Veiga Blanchart, Bruno Penna
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From farm effluent to biotechnological potential: pGLS, a novel and resilient temperate bacteriophage with synergistic activity and broad antibiofilm properties against Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus
Vitor Emanuel Lanes Viana, Faizan Ahmad, Samuel Sathler Martuchelle, Sandy de Almada Estanislau, Nohman Rasheed, Marinella Silva Laport, Monalessa Fábia Pereira, Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval, Ciro César Rossi
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Ju Hye Baek, Dong Min Han, Dae Gyu Choi, Chae Yeong Moon, Jae Kyeong Lee, Chul-Hong Kim, Jung-Woong Kim, Che Ok Jeon
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(8): e2503003. CrossRef
Discovery of phage CSF, a novel generalist bacteriophage targeting multidrug-resistant and potentially pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus spp.
Faizan Ahmad, Vitor Emanuel Lanes Viana, Rafael Reis de Rezende, Samuel Sathler Martuchelle, Anderson Souza Cabral, Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira, Isabella Monteiro Carvalho, Sandy de Almada Estanislau, Nohman Rasheed, Poliane Alfenas Zerbini, Monalessa Fábi
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Review

Apoptotic Factors, CaNma111 and CaYbh3, Function in Candida albicans Filamentation by Regulating the Hyphal Suppressors, Nrg1 and Tup1: Suyoung Kim , Se Hyeon Kim , Eunjoong Kweon , Jinmi Kim; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):403-409. Published online March 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00034-8

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Abstract PDF

The morphological switch from the yeast to hyphal form is a key virulence attribute of the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Our recent report showed that deletion of the newly identified apoptotic factor, CaNma111 or CaYbh3, leads to hyperfilamentation and increased virulence in a mouse infection model. CaNma111 and CaYbh3 are homologs of the pro-apoptotic protease, HtrA2/Omi, and BH3-only protein, respectively. In this study, we examined the effects of CaNMA111 and CaYBH3 deletion mutations on the expression levels of the hypha-specific transcr!ption factors, Cph1 (a hyphal activator), Nrg1 (a hyphal repressor), and Tup1 (a hyphal repressor). The protein levels of Nrg1 were decreased in Caybh3/Caybh3 cells while those of Tup1 were decreased in both Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 cells. These effects on Nrg1 and Tup1 proteins were retained during serum-induced filamentation and appear to explain the hyperfilamentation phenotypes of the CaNMA111 and CaYBH3 deletion mutants. Treatment with the apoptosis-inducing dose of farnesol decreased the Nrg1 protein levels in the wild-type strain and more evidently in Canma111/Canma111 and Caybh3/Caybh3 mutant strains. Together, our results suggest that CaNma111 and CaYbh3 are key regulators of Nrg1 and Tup1 protein levels in C. albicans.

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Candida albicans Extracellular Vesicles Upregulate Nrg1 Transcription Repressor to Inhibit Self-Hyphal Development and Candidemia
Yu Wei, Yujie Zhou, Bolei Li, Zheng Wang, Binyou Liao, Jiannan Wang, Jingzhi Zhou, Yawen Zong, Ding Chen, Jiawei Shen, Yangyang Shi, Xuedong Zhou, Ga Liao, Lichen Gou, Zhuoli Zhu, Lei Cheng, Biao Ren
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(1): 495. CrossRef
Moh1 coordinates ROS-dependent apoptosis in genotoxic stress response of Candida albicans
Jia Wang, Wenxia Gao, Xinyi Tang, Jinrong Feng
Fungal Biology.2025; 129(6): 101642. CrossRef

Articles

Gut microbiota metabolic characteristics in coronary artery disease patients with hyperhomocysteine: Ran Tian , Hong-Hong Liu , Si-Qin Feng , Yi-Fei Wang , Yi-Yang Wang , Yu-Xiong Chen , Hui Wang , Shu-Yang Zhang; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):419-428. Published online March 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1451-2

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Abstract PDF

Hyperhomocysteine (HHcy) is known as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite the knowledge that gut microbiota related metabolism pathway shares metabolites with that of Hcy, little has been shown concerning the association between HHcy and gut microbiota. To explore their relationship in the context of CAD, 105 patients and 14 healthy controls were recruited from one single medical center located in Beijing, China. Their serum and fecal samples were collected, with multi-omics analyses performed via LC/MS/ MS and 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing, respectively. Participants from the prospective cohort were divided into CAD, CAD & HHcy and healthy controls (HC) groups based on the diagnosis and serum Hcy concentration. The
results
revealed significant different metabolic signatures between CAD and CAD & HHcy groups. CAD patients with HHcy suffered a heavier atherosclerotic burden compared to CAD patients, and the difference was closely associated to betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT)-related metabolites and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-related metabolites. Dimethylglycine (DMG) exhibited a strong positive correlation with serum total Hcy (tHcy), and TMAO and trimethylysine (TML) were associated with heavier atherosclerotic burden. Multiple other metabolites were also identified to be related to distinct cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, Clostridium cluster IV and Butyricimonas were enriched in CAD patients with elevated tHcy. Our study suggested that CAD patients with elevated tHcy were correlated with higher atherosclerotic burden, and the impaired Hcy metabolism and cardiovascular risk were closely associated with BHMT-related metabolites, TMAO-related metabolites and impaired gut microbiota homeostasis.

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Homocysteine, Nutrition, and Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence and Insights
Deborah Agostini, Alessia Bartolacci, Rossella Rotondo, Maria Francesca De Pandis, Michela Battistelli, Matteo Micucci, Lucia Potenza, Emanuela Polidori, Fabio Ferrini, Davide Sisti, Francesco Pegreffi, Valerio Pazienza, Edy Virgili, Vilberto Stocchi, Sab
Nutrients.2025; 17(8): 1325. CrossRef
Serum homocysteine showed potential association with cognition and abnormal gut microbiome in major depressive disorder
Chen-Chen Xu, Wen-Xuan Zhao, Yu Sheng, Ya-Jun Yun, Ting Ma, Ning Fan, Jia-Qi Song, Jun Wang, Qi Zhang
World Journal of Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Novel opportunity of treatment for psycho-cardiologic disease by gut microbiome
Yurui Lai, Chenli Fang, Yuang Jiang, Chengying Yang, Qiao Zhou, Yihua Cai, Yan Wei, Xinrong Fan
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential
Shuang-Zhou Bi, Wei-Dong Sun, Xiao-Juan Zhu, Shi-Yan Lai, An-Liu, Chen-Ying Zhang, Jiang-Hua Li
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 295: 117790. CrossRef
Contribution of dietary methionine to gut health and its related diseases: implications for precision nutrition
Yuhui Yang, Yanli Xie, Manman Lu, Yuncong Xu, Renyong Zhao
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Unravelling the Gut Microbiome Role in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
Diana Martins, Cláudia Silva, António Carlos Ferreira, Sara Dourado, Ana Albuquerque, Francisca Saraiva, Ana Beatriz Batista, Pedro Castro, Adelino Leite-Moreira, António S. Barros, Isabel M. Miranda
Biomolecules.2024; 14(6): 731. CrossRef
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Honghong Liu, Siqin Feng, Muyun Tang, Ran Tian, Shuyang Zhang
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Relation between homocysteine-to-adropin ratio and severity of coronary artery disease
Ola Hassan Abd Elaziz, Bassem Mohamed Abdel Hady, Ghada Mohamed S Ahmad, Safaa Abo Alfadl Mohamed, Abeer Ahmed Elmalah, Inass Hassan Ahmad, Entesar O Elsaghier, Marwa FM Elsayed, Hala Naguib Mohamed, Marwa Khairy Abd Elwahab, Ahmed Salah
Electronic Journal of General Medicine.2024; 21(1): em556. CrossRef
Association of serum homocysteine levels with intestinal flora and cognitive function in schizophrenia
Hehua Li, Hanqiu Li, Zhimin Zhu, Xiang Xiong, Yuanyuan Huang, Yangdong Feng, Zezhi Li, Kai Wu, Fengchun Wu
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Melatonin attenuates microbiota dysbiosis of jejunum in short-term sleep deprived mice: Ting Gao , Zixu Wang , Jing Cao , Yulan Dong , Yaoxing Chen; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(7):588-597. Published online May 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0094-4

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Abstract PDF

Our study demonstrated that sleep deprivation resulted in homeostasis disorder of colon. Our study goes deeper into the positive effects of melatonin on small intestinal microbiota disorder caused by sleep deprivation. We successfully established a multiplatform 72 h sleep deprivation mouse model with or without melatonin supplementation, and analyzed the change of small intestinal microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA. We found melatonin supplementation suppressed the decrease of plasma melatonin level in sleep deprivation mice. Meanwhile, melatonin supplementation improved significantly the reduction in OTU numbers and the diversity and richness of jejunal microbiota and the abundance of Bacteroidaeae and Prevotellaceae, as well as an increase in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and the content of Moraxellaceae and Aeromonadaceae in the jejunum of sleep deprived-mice. Moreover, melatonin supplementation reversed the change of metabolic pathway in sleep deprived-mice, including metabolism, signal transduction mechanisms and transcription etc, which were related to intestinal health. Furthermore, melatonin supplementation inverted the sleep deprivation-induced a decline of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-22) and an increase of the ROS and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17) in jejunum. These findings suggested that melatonin, similar to a probiotics agent, can reverse sleep deprivation-induced small intestinal microbiota disorder by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation response.

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Bidirectional effect of intestinal microbiome and host in circadian rhythm disruption: Environmental factors and breast cancer development
Evren Doruk ENGIN, Ayse Basak ENGIN, Atilla ENGIN
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology.2026; 122: 104939. CrossRef
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Katherine A. Maki, Jennifer J. Barb, Jenna Alkhatib, Gisela Butera, Gwenyth R. Wallen
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Yongyan Shi, Yixin Zhao, Linlin Zhao, Yihui Zhang, Ying He, Liwen Tan
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Katherine A. Maki, Jennifer J. Barb, Shirleen Xu, Shreya Papneja, Jenna Alkhatib, Gisela Butera, Gwenyth R. Wallen
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.2026; 184: 106609. CrossRef
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Review

When a Virus is not a Parasite: The Beneficial Effects of Prophages: Joseph Bondy-Denomy , Alan R. Davidson; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(3):235-242. Published online March 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4083-3

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Abstract PDF

Most organisms on the planet have viruses that infect them. Viral infection may lead to cell death, or to a symbiotic relationship where the genomes of both virus and host replicate together. In the symbiotic state, both virus and cell potentially experience increased fitness as a result of the other. The viruses that infect bacteria, called bacteriophages (or phages), well exemplify the symbiotic relationships that can develop between viruses and their host. In this review, we will discuss the many ways that prophages, which are phage genomes integrated into the genomes of their hosts, influence bacterial behavior and virulence.

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