- Impact of tillage practices on soil bacterial diversity and composition under the tobacco-rice rotation in China
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Yanping Lei , Yongliang Xiao , Lifeng Li , Chaoqiang Jiang , Chaolong Zu , Tian Li , Hui Cao
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J. Microbiol. 2017;55(5):349-356. Published online March 1, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6242-9
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Tobacco-rice rotation is a common farming system in south China, and many tillage practices such as straw mulching, do-lomite dust, and quicklime application have been adopted to improve crop production. These agricultural management practices alter soil physical and chemical properties and affect microbial life environment and community composition. In this research, six tillage practices including no tobacco and rice straw mulching (CK), tobacco and rice straw mulching (TrSr), rice straw returning fire (TrSc), tobacco and rice straw mulching with dolomite dust (TSD), rice straw returning fire and quicklime (TSQ), and rice straw returning fire, quicklime and reduced fertilizer (TSQf) were conducted to detect changes in soil bacterial diversity and composition using Illumina se-quencing. The results showed that the total number of opera-tional taxonomic units (OTUs) from the six treatments was 2030, and the number of mutual OTUs among all samples was 550. The TrSc treatment had the highest diversity and richness, while TSQf had the lowest. Soil physio-chemical properties and microbial diversity can influence each other. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria had the greatest propor-tion in all treatments. The abundance of Nitrospirae was the highest in the TrSc treatment. The TSQf treatment had the highest abundance of Firmicutes. The abundance of Nitrospira in the TrSc treatment was 2.29-fold over CK. Streptomyces affiliated with Firmicutes improved by 37.33% in TSQf com-pared to TSQ. TSQf treatment was considered to be the most important factor in determining the relative abundance at the genus level.
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Juan Liu , Jingquan Li , Li Feng , Hui Cao , Zhongli Cui
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(6):728-733. Published online January 9, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0139-1
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Separation of bacterial cells from soil is a key step in the construction of metagenomic BAC libraries with large DNA inserts. Our results showed that when combined with sodium pyro-phosphate and homogenization for soil dispersion, sucrose density gradient centrifugation (SDGC) was more effective at separating bacteria from soil than was low speed centrifugation (LSC). More than 70% of the cells, along with some soil colloids, were recovered with one round of centrifugation. A solution of 0.8% NaCl was used to resuspend these cell and soil pellets for purification with nycodenz density gradient centrifugation (NDGC). After purification, more than 30% of the bacterial cells in the primary soil were extracted. This procedure effectively removed soil contamination and yielded sufficient cells for high molecular weight (HMW) DNA isolation. Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) showed that the microbial community structure of the extracted cells was
similar to that of the primary soil, suggesting that this extraction procedure did not significantly change the the soil bacteria community structure. HMW DNA was isolated from bacterial cells extracted from red soil for metagenomic BAC library construction. This library contained DNA inserts of more than 200 Mb with an
average size of 75 kb.
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Qihui Teng , Bo Sun , Xinrui Fu , Shunpeng Li , Zhongli Cui , Hui Cao
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J. Microbiol. 2009;47(2):135-141. Published online May 2, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0184-1
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In order to understand the community structure of diazotrophs in red soil and effects of organic manure application on the structure, four nifH gene libraries were constructed: the control (CK), low manure (LM), high manure (HM), and high manure adding lime (ML). Totally 150 nifH gene clones were screened and grouped into 21 clusters by RFLP analysis. Existence of dominant patterns was observed in all libraries, which counted for over 96% of clones in library HM and about 56~72% in other three libraries. The nifH sequences of the dominant patterns in all libraries were most similar to sequences of the cyanobacteria. nifH genes showed high diversity in red soil, dispersing throughout the nifH clades (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and posited group). Bradyrhizobium and Burkholderia were also important diazotrophs in low fertility soil samples. Low manure treatment increased the diversity of nifH genes compared with CK and high manure treatments. Manure and lime treatment led to obvious community succession. Total N to available P ratio, total carbon, and K concentrations were the main factors affecting the diversity of diazotrophs in red soil.
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