DNA vaccine dual-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 induces the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Jin-Young Kim; Hyoung Jun Kim; Jeong Su Park; Se Ryun Kwon

doi:10.1007/s12275-022-2231-8

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DNA vaccine dual-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 induces the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Jin-Young Kim ¹, Hyoung Jun Kim ², Jeong Su Park ³, Se Ryun Kwon ³; Journal of Microbiology 2022;60(10):1032-1038.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2231-8
Published online: August 1, 2022

¹Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea, ²OIE Reference Laboratory for VHS, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea, ³Department of Aquatic Life Medical Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Se Ryun Kwon , Tel: +82-415302289,

Received: 25 May 2022 • Revised: 1 July 2022 • Accepted: 6 July 2022

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Abstract

Glycoprotein (G protein)-based DNA vaccines are effective in protecting aquaculture fish from rhabdoviruses but the degree of immune response they elicit depends on plasmid concentration and antigen cassette. Here, we developed a DNA vaccine using the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus G (VG) gene and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)a.2 regulated by the CMV promoter as the molecular adjuvant. After transfection of the prepared plasmid (pVG + CCL19) into epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells, mRNA expression was confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The vaccine was intramuscularly injected into zebrafish (Danio rerio), and 28 days after immunization, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (105 TCID50/10 μl/fish) was intraperitoneally injected. A survival rate of 68% was observed in the pVG + CCL19 group but this was not significantly different from the survival rate of fish treated with pVG alone, that is, without the adjuvant. However, the expression of interferonand cytokine-related genes in the spleen and kidney tissues of zebrafish was significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after immunization. Thus, CCL19a.2 induced an initial immune response as a molecular adjuvant, which may provide initial protection against virus infection before vaccination- induced antibody formation. This study provides insights on the functions of CCL19a.2 adjuvant in DNA vaccines.

Keywords: viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), DNA vaccine, chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), molecular adjuvant, zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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DNA vaccine dual-expressing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 induces the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

J. Microbiol. 2022;60(10):1032-1038. Published online August 1, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2231-8

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