Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2

Chulwoo Kim; Jae-Deog Kim; Sang-Uk Seo

doi:10.1007/s12275-022-1608-z

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Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2: Chulwoo Kim ¹, Jae-Deog Kim ^2,3, Sang-Uk Seo ^2,3; Journal of Microbiology 2022;60(3):335-346.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1608-z
Published online: January 28, 2022

¹Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea, ²Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea, ³Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Sang-Uk Seo , Tel: +82-2-2258-7355,

Received: 24 November 2021 • Revised: 16 December 2021 • Accepted: 16 December 2021

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Abstract

The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has provoked an urgent need for prophylactic measures. Several innovative vaccine platforms have been introduced and billions of vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. To enable the creation of safer and more effective vaccines, additional platforms are under development. These include the use of nanoparticle (NP) and virus-like particle (VLP) technology. NP vaccines utilize self-assembling scaffold structures designed to load the entire spike protein or receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in a trimeric configuration. In contrast, VLP vaccines are genetically modified recombinant viruses that are considered safe, as they are generally replication-defective. Furthermore, VLPs have indigenous immunogenic potential due to their microbial origin. Importantly, NP and VLP vaccines have shown stronger immunogenicity with greater protection by mimicking the physicochemical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. The study of NPand VLP-based coronavirus vaccines will help ensure the development of rapid-response technology against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future coronavirus pandemics.

Keywords: nanoparticle, virus-like particle, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, COVID-19

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Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2

J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):335-346. Published online January 28, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1608-z

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