Abstract
DNA methylation is known as a universal mechanism of epigenetic
regulation in all kingdoms of life. Particularly, given
that prokaryotes lack key elements such as histones and nucleosomes
that can structurally modify DNA, DNA methylation
is considered a major epigenetic regulator in these organisms.
However, because DNA methylation studies have focused
primarily on eukaryotes, the mechanism of prokaryotic
DNA methylation has been less studied than in eukaryotes.
DNA methylation in prokaryotes plays an important role in
regulating not only the host defense system, but also the cell
cycle, gene expression, and virulence that can respond directly
to the environment. Recent advances in sequencing techniques
capable of detecting methylation signals have allowed for the
characterization of prokaryotic genome-wide epigenetic regulation.
In this review, we describe representative examples of
cellular events regulated by DNA methylation in prokaryotes,
from early studies to current applications.
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