Journal of Microbiology

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Development of an RT-LAMP−CRISPR/Cas12a assay for rapid and specific detection of Bandavirus dabieense: Bo Seung Song, Yun Hee Baek, Eun-Ha Kim, Hyeok-Il Kwon, Ah-Hyeon Kim, Si-Hyun Lee, Yu-Bin Son, Soo-Hyeon Kim, Min-Suk Song, Young Ki Choi, Su-Jin Park; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(11):e2506013. Published online November 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2506013

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Abstract PDF: Bandavirus dabieense, a single-stranded RNA virus, is the causative agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a disease associated with high fatality rates. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for improving clinical outcomes, particularly given the limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates associated with SFTS. However, while highly sensitive, conventional diagnostic methods such as PCR and qRT-PCR require specialized laboratory facilities and trained personnel, making them impractical for rapid detection in resource-limited settings. To address these challenges, we developed a rapid and highly sensitive assay for Bandavirus dabieense detection by integrating reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with CRISPR/Cas12a technology. LAMP primers and guide RNA sequences were designed to target the L gene, ensuring broad detection across viral genotypes. The optimized assay demonstrated a detection limit of 5 RNA copies per reaction, showing more sensitivity than qRT-PCR, and exhibited 100% concordance with qRT-PCR results in clinical samples. Given its speed, accuracy, and field applicability, this LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay represents a promising diagnostic tool for early SFTSV detection, particularly in resource-constrained environments where conventional molecular diagnostics are not readily available.

Journal Articles

Lipocalin2 as a potential antibacterial drug against Acinetobacter baumannii infection: Daejin Lim , Su-Jin Park , Ha Young Kim , Minsang Shin , Miryoung Song; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(4):444-449. Published online March 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2007-1

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Available antibiotics to treat Acinetobacter baumannii infection is limited due to increasing resistance and the emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains. Hence, discovering effective agents against A. baumannii to reduce the number of infectionrelated deaths is imperative. In search of novel and alternative antibiotics, the antibacterial function of lipocalin2 (Lcn2) was investigated to treat systemic infections of A. baumannii using a mouse neutropenia model. We observed a significant increase in serum Lcn2 levels upon bacterial injection into the mouse, and the administration of recombinant Lcn2 (rmLcn2) extended their survival. Such protective effects were also observed in rmLcn2-pretreated macrophages, where rmLcn2 reduced the survival of the pathogen inside the macrophages. The underlying molecular mechanism of Lcn2 protection was also investigated. We observed that pretreatment of the Raw- 264.7 macrophages with rmLcn2 markedly altered the expression of tonB3, which encodes a component of the transporter for ferrisiderophores in A. baumannii. However, the expression of katG, the gene encoding catalase, remained unaffected. These indicate that Lcn2-mediated defense against the pathogen is related to nutritional immunity rather than reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, the addition of rmLcn2 in infected mice diminished bacterial burden in multiple organs and enhanced the expression of tonB3 in the liver, spleen, and lungs of the infected mice. Increased survival rate due to rmLcn2 treatment declined when the infection model was established using lcn2-defective (lcn2-/-) mice, which indicated the necessity of endogenous Lcn2. Therefore, the antibacterial function of Lcn2 can be exploited to develop an alternative therapeutic agent against A. baumannii.

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Antimicrobial peptide thanatin fused endolysin PA90 (Tha-PA90) for the control of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in mouse model
Jeonghyun Lim, Heejoon Myung, Daejin Lim, Miryoung Song
Journal of Biomedical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Dynamic changes and clinical value of lipocalin 2 in liver diseases caused by microbial infections
Feng Chen, Shan-Shan Wu, Chao Chen, Cheng Zhou
World Journal of Hepatology.2024; 16(2): 177. CrossRef
Lipocalin-2 is an essential component of the innate immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection
Jessica R. Sheldon, Lauren E. Himmel, Dillon E. Kunkle, Andrew J. Monteith, K. Nichole Maloney, Eric P. Skaar, David S. Weiss
PLOS Pathogens.2022; 18(9): e1010809. CrossRef

Differences in seroprevalence between epicenter and non-epicenter areas of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea: Hye Won Jeong , Hyun-Ha Chang , Eun Ji Kim , Yu Kyung Kim , Se-Mi Kim , Eun-Ha Kim , Young-Il Kim , Mark Anthony B. Casel , Seong-Gyu Kim , Rare Rollon , Seung-Gyu Jang , Kwang-Min Yu , Hee-Sung Kim , Hee Sue Park , Su-Jin Park , Yong-Dae Kim , Eung-Gook Kim , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):530-533. Published online April 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1095-7

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To compare the standardized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence of high epicenter region with non-epicenter region, serological studies were performed with a total of 3,268 sera from Daegu City and 3,981 sera from Chungbuk Province. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG results showed a high seroprevalence rate in the Daegu City (epicenter) compared with a non-epicenter area (Chungbuk Province) (1.27% vs. 0.91%, P = 0.0358). It is noteworthy that the highest seroprevalence in Daegu City was found in elderly patients (70’s) whereas young adult patients (20’s) in Chungbuk Province showed the highest seroprevalence. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers were found in three samples from Daegu City (3/3, 268, 0.09%) while none of the samples from Chungbuk Province were NAb positive. These results demonstrated that even following the large outbreak, the seropositive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population remained low in South Korea.

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Distinctive Combinations of RBD Mutations Contribute to Antibody Evasion in the Case of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Sunggeun Goo, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(12): 1587. CrossRef
The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Children During Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
Jin Lee, Young June Choe, Dohsik Minn, Jong-Hyun Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) thermal inactivation method with preservation of diagnostic sensitivity: Young-Il Kim , Mark Anthony B. Casel , Se-Mi Kim , Seong-Gyu Kim , Su-Jin Park , Eun-Ha Kim , Hye Won Jeong , Haryoung Poo , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(10):886-891. Published online September 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0335-6

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Various treatments and agents had been reported to inactivate RNA viruses. Of these, thermal inactivation is generally considered an effective and cheap method of sample preparation for downstream assays. The purpose of this study is to establish a safe inactivation method for SARS-CoV-2 without compromising the amount of amplifiable viral genome necessary for clinical diagnoses. In this study, we demonstrate the infectivity and genomic stability of SARSCoV- 2 by thermal inactivation at both 56°C and 65°C. The
results
substantiate that viable SARS-CoV-2 is readily inactivated when incubated at 56°C for 30 min or at 65°C for 10 min. qRT-PCR of specimens heat-inactivated at 56°C for 30 min or 65°C for 15 min revealed similar genomic RNA stability compared with non-heat inactivated specimens. Further, we demonstrate that 30 min of thermal inactivation at 56°C could inactivate viable viruses from clinical COVID-19 specimens without attenuating the qRT-PCR diagnostic sensitivity. Heat treatment of clinical specimens from COVID-19 patients at 56°C for 30 min or 65°C for 15 min could be a useful
method
for the inactivation of a highly contagious agent, SARS-CoV-2. Use of this method would reduce the potential for secondary infections in BSL2 conditions during diagnostic procedures. Importantly, infectious virus can be inactivated in clinical specimens without compromising the sensitivity of the diagnostic RT-PCR assay.

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Efficacy of A/H1N1/2009 split inactivated influenza A vaccine (GC1115) in mice and ferrets: Hae Jung Han , Min-Suk Song , Su-Jin Park , Han Yeul Byun , Norbert John C. Robles , Suk-Hoon Ha , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):163-169. Published online January 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8504-1

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To evaluate the efficacy of a non-adjuvant A/H1N1/2009 influenza A vaccine (GC1115), we demonstrated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GC1115 in mouse and ferret models. The immunogenicity of GC1115 was confirmed after intramuscular administration of 1.875, 3.75, 7.5, and 15 μg hemagglutinin antigen (HA) in mice and 7.5, 15, and 30 μg HA in ferrets at 3-week intervals. A single immunization with GC1115 at HA doses > 7.5 μg induced detectable seroconversion in most mice, and all mice given a second dose exhibited high antibody responses in a dose-dependent manner. The mice in the mock (PBS) and 1.875 μg HA immunized groups succumbed by 13 days following A/California/ 04/09 infection, while all mice in groups given more than 3.75 μg HA were protected from lethal challenge with the A/California/04/09 virus. In ferrets, although immunization with even a single dose of 15 or 30 μg of HA induced detectable HI antibodies, all ferrets given two doses of vaccine seroconverted and exhibited HI titers greater than 80 units. Following challenge with A/California/04/09, the mock (PBS) immunized ferrets showed influenza-like clinical symptoms, such as increased numbers of coughs, elevated body temperature, and body weight loss, for 7 days, while GC1115- immunized ferrets showed attenuated clinical symptoms only for short time period (3–4 days). Further, GC1115-immunized ferrets displayed significantly lower viral titers in the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity) than the mock vaccinated group in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, this study demonstrates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GC1115 as a non-adjuvanted vaccine.

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Larkinella roseus sp. nov., a species of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from beach soil: Jae-Bong Lee , Sumin Hong , Seung-Yeol Lee , Su-Jin Park , Kyeung Il Park , Seok-Gwan Choi , Myung Kyum Kim , Leonid N. Ten , Hee-Young Jung; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(1):30-35. Published online January 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7476-x

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Abstract PDF

The taxonomic position of bacterial strain, designated 15J16- 1T3AT, recovered from a soil sample was established using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 15J16-1T3AT belonged to the family Cytophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, and was most closely related to ‘Larkinella harenae’ 15J9-9 (95.9% similarity), Larkinella ripae 15J11-11T (95.6%), Larkinella bovis M2TB15T (94.7%), Larkinella arboricola Z0532T (93.9%), and Larkinella insperata LMG 22510T (93.5%). Cells were rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, and nonmotile. The isolate grew on NA, R2A, TSA, but not on LB agar. The strain was able to grow at temperature range from 10°C to 30°C with an optimum at 25°C and pH 6–8. Menaquinone MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids comprised C16:1 ω5c (48.6%) and C15:0 iso (24.1%). Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and an unidentified lipid were the major polar lipids. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 49.5 mol%. Strain 15J16-1T3AT could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbors based on its phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Larkinella, for which the name Larkinella roseus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15J16-1T3AT (= KCTC 52004T = JCM 31991T).

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Larkinella humicola sp. nov., a gamma radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from soil
Yuna Park, Leonid N. Ten, Young Koung Lee, Hee‑Young Jung, Myung Kyum Kim
Archives of Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Larkinella punicea sp. nov., isolated from manganese mine soil
Zijie Zhou, Lin Zhu, Yixuan Dong, Xian Xia, Shijuan Wu, Gejiao Wang
Archives of Microbiology.2020; 202(9): 2517. CrossRef
List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
Aharon Oren, George Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2018; 68(5): 1411. CrossRef
Hymenobacter segetis sp. nov., isolated from soil
Leonid N. Ten, Soo Jeong Lim, Byung-Oh Kim, In-Kyu Kang, Hee-Young Jung
Archives of Microbiology.2018; 200(8): 1167. CrossRef

Spirosoma migulaei sp. nov., isolated from soil: Joseph Okiria , Leonid N. Ten , Su-Jin Park , Seung-Yeol Lee , Dong Hoon Lee , In-Kyu Kang , Dae Sung Lee , Hee-Young Jung; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(12):927-932. Published online December 7, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7377-4

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A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rodshaped, aerobic bacterium, designated 15J9-8T, was isolated from soil on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The isolate was able to grow between 10 and 30°C, pH 6.5–8.5, and in presence of 0–1% (w/v) NaCl. The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain 15J9-8T represented a member of the family Cytophagaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes, and was most closely related to Spirosoma aerophilum 5516J-17T (96.1% similarity), Spirosoma pulveris JSH5-14T (95.6%), and Spirosoma linguale DSM 74T (95.2%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA of the isolate was 47.0 mol%. Strain 15J9-8T contained summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c), C16:1 ω5c, and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the main polar lipids, and menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 15J9-8T should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma migulaei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 15J9-8T (=KCTC 52028T =JCM 31996T).

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International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(10): 5355. CrossRef
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Spirosoma sordidisoli sp. nov., a propanil-degrading bacterium isolated from a herbicide-contaminated soil
Long Zhang, Xi-Yi Zhou, Xiao-Jing Su, Qiang Hu, Jian-Dong Jiang
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Spirosoma utsteinense sp. nov. isolated from Antarctic ice-free soils from the Utsteinen region, East Antarctica
Guillaume Tahon, Liesbeth Lebbe, Anne Willems
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019;[Epub] CrossRef
List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
Aharon Oren, George Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2018; 68(5): 1411. CrossRef

Spirosoma luteolum sp. nov. isolated from water: Jae-Jin Lee , Su-Jin Park , Yeon-Hee Lee , Seung-Yeol Lee , Sangkyu Park , Young-Je Cho , Myung Kyum Kim , Leonid N. Ten , Hee-Young Jung; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(4):247-252. Published online March 13, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6455-y

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A novel Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain, de-signated as 16F6ET, was isolated from a water sample. Cells were yellowish in color and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain grew at 10–37°C (optimum at 25°C) but not at 4 and 42°C, and pH 5–7 (optimum at pH 7). It showed mod-erate resistance to gamma-ray irradiation. Comparative phy-logenetic analysis showed that strain 16F6ET belonged to the family Cytophagaceae of the class Cytophagia. Furthermore, this isolate showed relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (90.7–93.1%) to the members of the genus Spiro-soma. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c), C16:1 ω5c, C16:0 N alcohol, and C16:0. The polar lipid profile indicated presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown amino lipid, unknown phospholipids, and unknown polar lipids. The pre-dominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 16F6ET was 56.5 mol%. Phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic properties indicated that isolate 16F6ET represents a novel species within the genus Spirosoma, for which the name Spirosoma luteolum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16F6ET (=KCTC 52199T =JCM 31411T).

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Current Microbiology.2018; 75(4): 492. CrossRef
Spirosoma harenae sp. nov., a Bacterium Isolated from a Sandy Beach
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Current Microbiology.2018; 75(2): 179. CrossRef
Spirosoma jeollabukense sp. nov., isolated from soil
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Archives of Microbiology.2018; 200(3): 431. CrossRef
Spirosoma humi sp. nov., Isolated from Soil in South Korea
Li Weilan, Jae-Jin Lee, Seung-Yeol Lee, Sangkyu Park, Leonid N. Ten, Hee-Young Jung
Current Microbiology.2018; 75(3): 328. CrossRef
Spirosoma horti sp. nov., isolated from apple orchard soil
Weilan Li, Leonid N. Ten, Seung-Yeol Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Hee-Young Jung
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2018; 68(3): 930. CrossRef
Spirosoma agri sp. nov., Isolated from Apple Orchard Soil
Weilan Li, Seung-Yeol Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Leonid N. Ten, Hee-Young Jung
Current Microbiology.2018; 75(6): 694. CrossRef
Spirosoma pomorum sp. nov., isolated from apple orchard soil
Weilan Li, Seung-Yeol Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Leonid N. Ten, Hee-Young Jung
Journal of Microbiology.2018; 56(2): 90. CrossRef
Spirosoma metallilatum sp. nov., isolated from an automotive air conditioning system
Dong-Uk Kim, Hyosun Lee, Suyeon Lee, Sooyeon Park, Jung-Hoon Yoon, Jong-Ok Ka
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2018; 68(2): 523. CrossRef
Spirosoma migulaei sp. nov., isolated from soil
Joseph Okiria, Leonid N. Ten, Su-Jin Park, Seung-Yeol Lee, Dong Hoon Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Dae Sung Lee, Hee-Young Jung
Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(12): 927. CrossRef
Spirosoma litoris sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from beach soil
Joseph Okiria, Leonid N. Ten, Jae-Jin Lee, Seung-Yeol Lee, Young-Je Cho, Myung Kyum Kim, Hee-Young Jung
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2017; 67(12): 4986. CrossRef
Spirosoma flavus sp. nov., a novel bacterium from soil of Jeju Island
Nabil Elderiny, Seung-Yeol Lee, Sangkyu Park, In-Kyu Kang, Myung Kyum Kim, Dae Sung Lee, Leonid N. Ten, Hee-Young Jung
Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(11): 850. CrossRef
Spirosoma koreense sp. nov., a species of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from beach soil
Leonid N. Ten, Joseph Okiria, Jae-Jin Lee, Seung-Yeol Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Dae Sung Lee, Hee-Young Jung
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2017; 67(12): 5198. CrossRef
Spirosoma daeguensis sp. nov., isolated from beach soil
Nabil Elderiny, Leonid N. Ten, Jae-Jin Lee, Seung-Yeol Lee, Sangkyu Park, Young-Je Cho, Myung Kyum Kim, Hee-Young Jung
Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(9): 678. CrossRef
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Hymenobacter daeguensis sp. nov. isolated from river water: Leonid N. Ten , Yeon-Hee Lee , Jae-Jin Lee , Su-Jin Park , Seung-Yeol Lee , Sangkyu Park , Dae Sung Lee , In-Kyu Kang , Hee-Young Jung; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(4):253-259. Published online January 26, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6524-2

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Abstract PDF

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod- shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated 16F3Y-2T, was isolated from the Han River, South Korea, and was charac-terized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Compa-rative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 16F3Y-2T belonged to the family Cytophagaceae in the phy-lum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to ‘Hymeno-bacter terrae’ DG7A (98.01%), H. soli PB17T (97.26%), H. glaciei VUG-A130T (96.78%), H. antarcticus VUG-A42aaT (96.72%), H. ruber PB156T (96.61%), and H. saemangeumensis GSR0100T (95.77%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain 16F3Y-2T was 62.9 mol%. The isolate contained MK-7 as the predominant respiratory quinone, and summed fea-ture 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c; 35.5%), C15:0 iso (16.9%), C16:1 ω5c (10.9%), and C15:0 anteiso (9.9%) as major fatty acids. The ma-jor polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain 16F3Y-2T with the genus Hymenobacter. However, strain 16F3Y-2T exhibited relatively low levels of DNA-DNA related-ness with 'H. terrae' KCTC 32554 (44.1%) and H. soli KCTC 12607T (24.3%), clearly indicating that the isolate constitutes a new genospecies. Strain 16F3Y-2T could be differentiated from its phylogenetic neighbors on the basis of several phe-notypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain 16F3Y-2T represents a novel species in the genus Hy-menobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter daeguensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16F3Y-2T (=KCTC 52537T =JCM 31654T).

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Description of Hymenobacter sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from contaminated sediment
Tingting Ren, Chengxiao Zhang, Chun-Zhi Jin, Feng-Jie Jin, Taihua Li, Hee-Mock Oh, Hyung-Gwan Lee, Long Jin
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Leonid N. Ten, Weilan Li, Seung-Yeol Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Young-Je Cho, Myung Kyum Kim, Hee-Young Jung
Current Microbiology.2019; 76(1): 117. CrossRef
Hymenobacter jeollabukensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
Leonid N. Ten, Young Eun Han, Kyeung Il Park, In-Kyu Kang, Jeung-Sul Han, Hee-Young Jung
Journal of Microbiology.2018; 56(7): 500. CrossRef
Hymenobacter pedocola sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from soil
Soo-Jeong Lim, Leonid N. Ten, Byung-Oh Kim, In-Kyu Kang, Hee-Young Jung
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2018; 68(7): 2242. CrossRef
Hymenobacter rufus sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from soil
Jeong-Eun Ohn, Leonid N. Ten, Byung-Oh Kim, Young-Je Cho, Hee-Young Jung
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2018; 68(9): 2983. CrossRef
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Deinococcus sedimenti sp. nov. isolated from river sediment: Jae-Jin Lee , Yeon-Hee Lee , Su-Jin Park , Sangyong Lim , Sun-Wook Jeong , Seung-Yeol Lee , Sangkyu Park , Hyo-Won Choi , Myung Kyum Kim , Hee-Young Jung; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(12):802-808. Published online November 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6361-8

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A novel Gram-positive, oval-shaped, non-motile bacterium designated strain 16F1LT was isolated from sediment collected from the Han River in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,448 bp), this strain was identified as a member of the genus Deinococcus that belongs to the class Deinococci. Similarities in the 16S rRNA gene sequence were shown with Deinococcus daejeonensis MJ27T (99.0%), D. grandis DSM 3963T (98.1%), D. radiotolerans C1T (97.5%), and D. caeni Ho-08T (97.2%). Strain 16F1LT was classified as a different genomic species from closely related Deinococcus members, based on less than 70% DNA-DNA relatedness. Genomic DNA G+C content of strain 16F1LT was 67.2 mol%. Strain 16F1LT was found to grow at temperatures of 10–37°C (optimum 25°C) and pH 7–8 (optimum pH 7) on R2A medium, and was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain 16F1LT showed resistance to gamma radiation (D10 > 2 kGy). In addition, this strain had the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: the major fatty acids were C15:1 ω6c and C16:1 ω7c; the polar lipid profile contained phosphoglycolipids, unknown aminophospholipids, an unknown aminoglycolipid, unknown aminolipids, an unknown glycolipid, an unknown phospholipid, and an unknown polar lipid; the major quinone was MK-8. Phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that strain 16F1LT represents a novel species within the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16F1LT (=KCTC 33796T =JCM 31405T).

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Deinococcus seoulensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from sediment at Han River in Seoul, Republic of Korea: Jae-Jin Lee , Yeon-Hee Lee , Su-Jin Park , Sangyong Lim , Sun-Wook Jeong , Seung-Yeol Lee , Young-Je Cho , Myung Kyum Kim , Hee-Young Jung; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(8):537-542. Published online August 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6253-y

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Strain 16F1ET was isolated from a 3-kGy-irradiated sediment sample collected at Han River in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Cells of this strain were observed to be Gram-positive, pililike structure, and short rod shape, and colonies were red in color. The strain showed the highest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Deinococcus aquaticus PB314T (98.8%), Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24T (98.1%), Deinococcus caeni Ho-08T (98.0%), and Deinococcus grandis DSM 3963T (97.0%). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified this strain as a member of the genus Deinococcus (Family: Deinococcaceae). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 16F1ET was 66.9 mol%. The low levels of DNA-DNA hybridization (< 56.2%) with the species mentioned above identified strain 16F1ET as a novel Deinococcus species. Its oxidase and catalase activities as well as the production of acid from glucose were positive. Growth of the strain was observed at 10–37°C (optimum: 20–30°C) and pH 4–10 (optimum: pH 7–8). The cells tolerated less than 5% NaCl and had low resistance to gamma radiation (D10 < 4 kGy). Strain 16F1ET possessed the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: C16:0, C15:1 ω6c, and C16:1 ω7c as the major fatty acids; phosphoglycolipid as the predominant polar lipid; and menaquinone-8 as the predominant respiratory isoprenoid quinone. Based on the polyphasic evidence, as well as the phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characterization results, strain 16F1ET (=KCTC 33793T =JCM 31404T) is proposed to represent the type strain of a novel species, Deinococcus seoulensis sp. nov.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Molecular characterization of mammalian-adapted Korean-type avian H9N2 virus and evaluation of its virulence in mice: Kuk Jin Park , Min-Suk Song , Eun-Ha Kim , Hyeok-il Kwon , Yun Hee Baek , Eun-hye Choi , Su-Jin Park , Se Mi Kim , Young-il Kim , Won-Suk Choi , Dae-Won Yoo , Chul-Joong Kim , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(8):570-577. Published online July 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5329-4

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Abstract

Avian influenza A virus (AIV) is commonly isolated from domestic poultry and wild migratory birds, and the H9N2 subtype is the most prevalent and the major cause of severe disease in poultry in Korea. In addition to the veterinary concerns regarding the H9N2 subtype, it is also considered to be the next potential human pandemic strain due to its rapid evolution and interspecies transmission. In this study, we utilize serial lung-to-lung passage of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) H9N2 (A/Ck/Korea/163/04, WT163) (Y439-lineage) in mice to increase pathogenicity and investigate the potential virulence marker. Mouse-adapted H9N2 virus obtained high virulence (100% mortality) in mice after 98 serial passages. Sequence results show that the mouse adaptation (ma163) possesses several mutations within seven gene segments (PB2, PA, HA, NP, NA, M, and NS) relative to the wild-type strain. The HA gene showed the most mutations (at least 11) with one resulting in the loss of an N-glycosylation site (at amino acid 166). Moreover, reverse genetic studies established that an E627K substitution in PB2 and the loss of the N-glycosylation site in the HA protein (aa166) are critical virulence markers in the mouse-adapted H9N2 virus. Thus, these results add to the increasing body of mutational analysis data defining the function of the viral polymerase and HA genes and their roles in mammalian host adaptation. To our knowledge, this is first report of the generation of a mammalian-adapted Korea H9N2 virus (Y493-lineages). Therefore, this study offers valuable insights into the molecular evolution of the LPAI Korean H9N2 in a new host and adds to the current knowledge of the molecular markers associated with increased virulence.

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Abstract PDF: Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses are found chiefly in birds and have caused severe disease and death in infected humans. Development of influenza vaccines capable of inducing heterosubtypic immunity against a broad range of influenza viruses is the best option for the preparedness, since vaccination remains the principal method in controlling influenza viral infections. Here, a mOMV-adjuvanted recombinant H5N2 (rH5N2) whole virus antigen vaccine with A/Environment/Korea/W149/06(H5N1)-derived H5 HA and A/Chicken/Korea/ma116/04(H9N2)-derived N2 NA in the backbone of A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) was prepared and generated by reverse genetics. Groups of mice were vaccinated by a prime-boost regime with the rH5N2 vaccine (1.75 μg of HA with/without 10 μg mOMV or aluminum hydroxide adjuvant for comparison). At two weeks post-immunizations, vaccinated mice were challenged with lethal doses of 103.5 EID50/ml of H5N1 or H9N2 avian influenza viruses, and were monitored for 15 days. Both mOMV- and alum-adjuvant vaccine groups had high survival rates after H5N1 infection and low levels of body weight changes compared to control groups. Interestingly, the mOMV-adjuvanted group induced better cross-reactive antibody responses serologically and promoted cross-protectivity against H5N1 and H9N2 virus challenges. Our results suggest that mOMV could be used as a vaccine adjuvant in the development of effective vaccines used to control influenza A virus transmission.

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