Adenoviral vectors are crucial for gene therapy and vaccine development, offering a platform for gene delivery into host cells. Since the discovery of adenoviruses, first-generation vectors with limited capacity have evolved to third-generation vectors flacking viral coding sequences, balancing safety and gene-carrying capacity. The applications of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy and anti-viral treatments have expanded through the use of in vitro ligation and homologous recombination, along with gene editing advancements such as CRISPR-Cas9. Current research aims to maintain the efficacy and safety of adenoviral vectors by addressing challenges such as pre-existing immunity against adenoviral vectors and developing new adenoviral vectors from rare adenovirus types and non-human species. In summary, adenoviral vectors have great potential in gene therapy and vaccine development. Through continuous research and technological advancements, these vectors are expected to lead to the development of safer and more effective treatments.
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Ulcerative colitis, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with chronic colonic inflammation, may
be induced via overreactive innate and adaptive immune responses. Restoration of gut microbiota abundance and diversity
is important to control the pathogenesis. Lactobacillus spp., well-known probiotics, ameliorate IBD symptoms via various
mechanisms, including modulation of cytokine production, restoration of gut tight junction activity and normal mucosal
thickness, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Here, we studied the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus
(L. rhamnosus) KBL2290 from the feces of a healthy Korean individual to mice with DSS-induced colitis. Compared to the
dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) + phosphate-buffered saline control group, the DSS + L. rhamnosus KBL2290 group evidenced
significant improvements in colitis symptoms, including restoration of body weight and colon length, and decreases in the
disease activity and histological scores, particularly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an elevated level of
anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 modulated the levels of mRNAs encoding chemokines
and markers of inflammation; increased regulatory T cell numbers; and restored tight junction activity in the mouse colon.
The relative abundances of genera Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Bilophila, and Prevotella increased significantly, as did the
levels of butyrate and propionate (the major short-chain fatty acids). Therefore, oral L. rhamnosus KBL2290 may be a useful
novel probiotic.
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