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Influenza A viruses in bats: Viral characteristics and zoonotic risk at the wildlife-human interface
Kwang-Min Yu, Su-Jin Park
Received August 14, 2026  Accepted September 28, 2026  Published online November 10, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2608013    [Epub ahead of print]
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material

The discovery of influenza A viruses in bats has changed our understanding of viral circulation in nature. For years, wild aquatic birds were considered the primary natural reservoir for influenza A viruses. However, surveillance efforts in Neotropical bats have revealed highly divergent bat-derived lineages, including H17N10, H18N11, and H18N12. Researchers also isolated an avian-like H9N2 virus from Egyptian fruit bats. These findings show that bats do not carry a single influenza virus type; instead, they are associated with multiple lineages with distinct evolutionary backgrounds. The H17 and H18 viruses appear to be adapted to bat physiology. They infect cells via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules rather than the usual sialic acid receptors; their neuraminidase-like proteins lack conventional sialidase activity; and they replicate poorly in non-bat mammalian models. In contrast, the bat-associated, avian-like H9N2 virus behaves differently. Although its surface proteins retain avian-like characteristics, it replicates efficiently and transmits readily in mammalian systems, together with reduced sensitivity to human MxA restriction. These observations raise the possibility that bats could act as ecological bridging hosts for avian influenza viruses. However, there is currently no direct field evidence that avian influenza viruses acquire mammalian-compatible traits in bats or are subsequently transmitted from bats to other host species. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of bat-associated influenza viruses and their potential implications for global health.

Article
Differences in seroprevalence between epicenter and non-epicenter areas of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea
Hye Won Jeong , Hyun-Ha Chang , Eun Ji Kim , Yu Kyung Kim , Se-Mi Kim , Eun-Ha Kim , Young-Il Kim , Mark Anthony B. Casel , Seong-Gyu Kim , Rare Rollon , Seung-Gyu Jang , Kwang-Min Yu , Hee-Sung Kim , Hee Sue Park , Su-Jin Park , Yong-Dae Kim , Eung-Gook Kim , Young Ki Choi
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):530-533.   Published online April 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1095-7
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AbstractAbstract PDF
To compare the standardized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence of high epicenter region with non-epicenter region, serological studies were performed with a total of 3,268 sera from Daegu City and 3,981 sera from Chungbuk Province. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for SARS-CoV-2 IgG results showed a high seroprevalence rate in the Daegu City (epicenter) compared with a non-epicenter area (Chungbuk Province) (1.27% vs. 0.91%, P = 0.0358). It is noteworthy that the highest seroprevalence in Daegu City was found in elderly patients (70’s) whereas young adult patients (20’s) in Chungbuk Province showed the highest seroprevalence. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers were found in three samples from Daegu City (3/3, 268, 0.09%) while none of the samples from Chungbuk Province were NAb positive. These results demonstrated that even following the large outbreak, the seropositive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population remained low in South Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Integrated Clinical and Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Combined Systematic and Narrative Review
    Yumi Jang, Jaehun Jung, Kyong Ran Peck
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Distinctive Combinations of RBD Mutations Contribute to Antibody Evasion in the Case of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant
    Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Sunggeun Goo, Jinjong Myoung
    Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(12): 1587.     CrossRef
  • The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Children During Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study
    Jin Lee, Young June Choe, Dohsik Minn, Jong-Hyun Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

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