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Special Issues
- Pioneering strategies for overcoming bacterial drug resistance (2026)
- Advancing microbial engineering through synthetic biology (2025)
- Host-associated microbiome (2024)
- Bacterial regulatory mechanisms for the control of complex cellular mechanisms (2023)
- Two years into COVID-19 pandemic: Where are we? (2022)
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Research article
- Adipose tissue-derived stem cell exosomes enhance skin barrier function and show exploratory associations with the skin mycobiome in aging skin
- Bo-Yun Choi, Hye-Jin Kim, Myeong Jae Kim, Yoon Jin Roh, Ji Yeon Hong, Kui Young Park, Woo Jun Sul
- J. Microbiol. 2026;64(6):e2603020. Published online June 30, 2026
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2603020
- 19 View
- 1 Download
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Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material -
Skin aging increases transepidermal water loss (TEWL), reduces elasticity, and perturbs the skin microbiome. Adipose tissue-derived stem cell exosomes (ASCE) show regenerative potential; however, their clinical effects on skin physiology and microbiome remain unclear. We conducted a split-face, randomized controlled trial in 16 adults aged ≥ 40 years with visible facial aging. One facial side received ultrasound-assisted transdermal delivery of a human ASCE-containing solution (HACS), whereas the other side received normal saline, at two-week intervals for three sessions. Biophysical outcomes (TEWL, stratum corneum hydration, and elasticity parameters R2/R5/R7) were assessed at baseline and week 2, 4, and 8. Wrinkles, pigmentation, and sebum levels were quantified using Mark-Vu imaging, and the Physician’s Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (PGAIS) and patient satisfaction assessment scores were recorded. Skin swabs from ten participants were subjected to 16S rRNA and ITS1 sequencing. HACS treatment significantly reduced TEWL (p = 0.006 at week 2; p = 0.009 at week 8) and increased hydration (p < 0.001 at all time points) with a significant increase in elasticity (R2/R5/R7 values, p < 0.001). Both the PGAIS and patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher on the experimental side. Bacterial α/β-diversity remained largely unchanged, and no bacterial taxa remained significantly associated with skin parameters after FDR correction. In contrast, several fungal taxa showed significant positive associations with skin parameters after FDR correction, detectable only on the HACS-treated side. No significant adverse events were observed. HACS improved barrier function, elasticity, and aesthetic outcomes, whereas microbiome analyses suggested a modest fungal response associated with treatment-related skin changes in aging skin.
Randomized Controlled Trial
- A split face study on the effect of an anti-acne product containing fermentation products of Enterococcus faecalis CBT SL-5 on skin microbiome modification and acne improvement
- Hye Sung Han , Sun Hye Shin , Bo-Yun Choi , Nayeon Koo , Sanghyun Lim , Dooheon Son , Myung Jun Chung , Kui Young Park , Woo Jun Sul
- J. Microbiol. 2022;60(5):488-495. Published online March 14, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1520-6
- 1,098 View
- 13 Download
- 18 Web of Science
- 19 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Antibiotic-resistant Cutibacterium acnes and dysbiosis of the skin microbiome are of increasing concern in acne treatment. Enterococcus faecalis, a widely used probiotic, has shown benefits for acne treatment by exerting antimicrobial activity against C. acnes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of an E. faecalis CBT SL-5-extract-containing lotion in patients with mild-to-moderate acne. Twenty patients were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled, split-face comparative study. Patients were treated with E. faecalis lotion on one side of the face and a vehicle lotion on the other side for 4 weeks. The efficacy outcome measures included improvement in the investigators’ assessment of acne severity, patient satisfaction, changes in skin parameters and diversity of the skin microbiome. The investigators’ assessment score was significantly improved on the test side compared to the control side, after 2 weeks (p = 0.009) and 6 weeks (p < 0.0005). However, TEWL and skin hydration were not significantly different between the two groups. The phylogenetic diversity of the skin microbiota decreased over time in the skin samples of test side. In conclusion, E. faecalis CBT SL-5 extract can be a feasible and well-tolerated option for improving acne severity and skin microbiome dysbiosis in mild-to-moderate acne patients.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Update on novel acne treatments: a narrative review focused on microbiome modulation and non-pharmacological approaches
Valentina Burckhardt-Bravo, Rodrigo Funes-Ferrada, Fernando Valenzuela
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia.2026; 101(1): 501249. CrossRef - Microbiome-Derived Indole-3-Lactic Acid Attenuates Cutibacterium Acnes-Induced Inflammation via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(3): 1131. CrossRef - Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics for Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review
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Valentina Burckhardt‐Bravo, Rodrigo Funes‐Ferrada, Fernando Valenzuela
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia (Versão em Português).2026; 101(1): 501249. CrossRef - New Agents for Acne Treatment and Updates to Isotretinoin Guidelines
Alexis Hilts, Bruin Pollard, Megha Tollefson
Pediatric Clinics of North America.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Postbiotics in Dermatology: A Literature Review of Emerging Topical Therapies for Acne, Rosacea, and Eczema
Julio César Flores Rodríguez, María José Morán Ortega, Alison Cristina Jimenez Ordoñez, Aylin Kerime Rojas López, Mariana Castañeda Leyva, Haizel Valencia Romero
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Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(8): 3036. CrossRef - Role of Probiotics in Managing Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Narachai Julanon, Chanita Unhapipatpong, Rachot Wongjirattikarn, Thanaphon Anutraungkool, Suteeraporn Chaowattanapanit, Charoen Choonhakarn, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth, Prapimporn Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul, Christos C. Zouboulis, Vincent Piguet
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Efficacy of a Postbiotic Formulation Combined With Microneedling for Mild‐to‐Moderate Acne: A Self‐Control Study
Zhanhong Li, Peihui Li, Yu Xu, Changqing Yan, Xiufen Ma, Huiying Wang, Hong Cheng, Jing Zeng, Ting Li, Xinxian Li, Jia Zhou, Jie Zhang, Jianfeng Zhou, Rongya Yang, Yan Wu, Li Li, Wei Lai, Jiangyun Zhao, Zhe Liu, Qiong Meng
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Ida Ayu Manik Partha Sutema, Irma Latarissa, I Gusti Ayu Rai Widowati, Cynthia Retna Sartika, Ni Wayan Eka Ciptasari, Keri Lestari
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology.2025; Volume 17: 1. CrossRef - Acne vulgaris: advances in pathogenesis and prevention strategies
Weiping Xu, Jiahui Xu, Dandan Huang, Chen Wang, Jiajia Song, Xiaoyong Chen, Huayi Suo
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Tamara Searle, Firas Al-Niaimi, Faisal R Ali
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Ju Hee Han, Hei Sung Kim
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(3): 181. CrossRef - The updates and implications of cutaneous microbiota in acne
Cong Huang, Fan Zhuo, Baoquan Han, Wenting Li, Bin Jiang, Kaoyuan Zhang, Xingling Jian, Zhenzhen Chen, Hui Li, Haiyan Huang, Xia Dou, Bo Yu
Cell & Bioscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Cutibacterium acnes Dysbiosis: Alternative Therapeutics for Clinical Application
Sara Sá, Ruben Fernandes, Álvaro Gestoso, José Mário Macedo, Daniela Martins-Mendes, Ana Cláudia Pereira, Pilar Baylina
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- Update on novel acne treatments: a narrative review focused on microbiome modulation and non-pharmacological approaches
Erratum
- A split face study on the effect of an anti-acne product containing fermentation products of Enterococcus faecalis CBT SL-5 on skin microbiome modification and acne improvement
- Hye Sung Han , Sun Hye Shin , Bo-Yun Choi , Nayeon Koo , Sanghyun Lim , Dooheon Son , Myung Jun Chung , Kui Young Park , Woo Jun Sul
- J. Microbiol. 2022;60(7):766-766.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1682-2
- 766 View
- 4 Download
- 1 Crossref
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