Journal of Microbiology

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Development of an RT-LAMP−CRISPR/Cas12a assay for rapid and specific detection of Bandavirus dabieense: Bo Seung Song, Yun Hee Baek, Eun-Ha Kim, Hyeok-Il Kwon, Ah-Hyeon Kim, Si-Hyun Lee, Yu-Bin Son, Soo-Hyeon Kim, Min-Suk Song, Young Ki Choi, Su-Jin Park; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(11):e2506013. Published online November 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2506013

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Abstract PDF: Bandavirus dabieense, a single-stranded RNA virus, is the causative agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a disease associated with high fatality rates. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for improving clinical outcomes, particularly given the limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates associated with SFTS. However, while highly sensitive, conventional diagnostic methods such as PCR and qRT-PCR require specialized laboratory facilities and trained personnel, making them impractical for rapid detection in resource-limited settings. To address these challenges, we developed a rapid and highly sensitive assay for Bandavirus dabieense detection by integrating reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with CRISPR/Cas12a technology. LAMP primers and guide RNA sequences were designed to target the L gene, ensuring broad detection across viral genotypes. The optimized assay demonstrated a detection limit of 5 RNA copies per reaction, showing more sensitivity than qRT-PCR, and exhibited 100% concordance with qRT-PCR results in clinical samples. Given its speed, accuracy, and field applicability, this LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a-based assay represents a promising diagnostic tool for early SFTSV detection, particularly in resource-constrained environments where conventional molecular diagnostics are not readily available.

Journal Article

CA‑CAS‑01‑A: A Permissive Cell Line for Isolation and Live Attenuated Vaccine Development Against African Swine Fever Virus: Seung-Chul Lee , Yongkwan Kim , Ji-Won Cha , Kiramage Chathuranga , Niranjan Dodantenna , Hyeok-Il Kwon , Min Ho Kim , Weonhwa Jheong , In-Joong Yoon , Joo Young Lee , Sung-Sik Yoo , Jong-Soo Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):125-134. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00116-1

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the highly lethal African swine fever disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. In spite of the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, there is no licensed vaccine available. The lack of a suitable cell line for ASFV propagation hinders the development of a safe and effective vaccine. For ASFV propagation, primary swine macrophages and monocytes have been widely studied. However, obtaining these cells can be time-consuming and expensive, making them unsuitable for mass vaccine production. The goal of this study was to validate the suitability of novel CA-CAS-01-A (CAS-01) cells, which was identified as a highly permissive cell clone for ASFV replication in the MA-104 parental cell line for live attenuated vaccine development. Through a screening experiment, maximum ASFV replication was observed in the CAS-01 cell compared to other sub-clones of MA-104 with 14.89 and log10 7.5 ± 0.15 Ct value and TCID50/ ml value respectively. When CAS-01 cells are inoculated with ASFV, replication of ASFV was confirmed by Ct value for ASFV DNA, HAD50/ ml assay, TCID50/ ml assay, and cytopathic effects and hemadsoption were observed similar to those in primary porcine alveolar macrophages after 5th passage. Additionally, we demonstrated stable replication and adaptation of ASFV over the serial passage. These results suggest that CAS-01 cells will be a valuable and promising cell line for ASFV isolation, replication, and development of live attenuated vaccines.

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Emerging Microbes & Infections.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Molecular characterization of mammalian-adapted Korean-type avian H9N2 virus and evaluation of its virulence in mice: Kuk Jin Park , Min-Suk Song , Eun-Ha Kim , Hyeok-il Kwon , Yun Hee Baek , Eun-hye Choi , Su-Jin Park , Se Mi Kim , Young-il Kim , Won-Suk Choi , Dae-Won Yoo , Chul-Joong Kim , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(8):570-577. Published online July 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5329-4

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Abstract

Avian influenza A virus (AIV) is commonly isolated from domestic poultry and wild migratory birds, and the H9N2 subtype is the most prevalent and the major cause of severe disease in poultry in Korea. In addition to the veterinary concerns regarding the H9N2 subtype, it is also considered to be the next potential human pandemic strain due to its rapid evolution and interspecies transmission. In this study, we utilize serial lung-to-lung passage of a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) H9N2 (A/Ck/Korea/163/04, WT163) (Y439-lineage) in mice to increase pathogenicity and investigate the potential virulence marker. Mouse-adapted H9N2 virus obtained high virulence (100% mortality) in mice after 98 serial passages. Sequence results show that the mouse adaptation (ma163) possesses several mutations within seven gene segments (PB2, PA, HA, NP, NA, M, and NS) relative to the wild-type strain. The HA gene showed the most mutations (at least 11) with one resulting in the loss of an N-glycosylation site (at amino acid 166). Moreover, reverse genetic studies established that an E627K substitution in PB2 and the loss of the N-glycosylation site in the HA protein (aa166) are critical virulence markers in the mouse-adapted H9N2 virus. Thus, these results add to the increasing body of mutational analysis data defining the function of the viral polymerase and HA genes and their roles in mammalian host adaptation. To our knowledge, this is first report of the generation of a mammalian-adapted Korea H9N2 virus (Y493-lineages). Therefore, this study offers valuable insights into the molecular evolution of the LPAI Korean H9N2 in a new host and adds to the current knowledge of the molecular markers associated with increased virulence.

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Journal of Veterinary Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Adjuvant Efficacy of mOMV against Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Mice: Byeong-Jae Lee , Sang-Ho Lee , Min-Suk Song , Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua , Hyeok-il Kwon , Su-Jin Park , Eun-Ha Kim , Arun Decano , Se Mi Kim , Gyo Jin Lim , Doo-Jin Kim , Kyu-Tae Chang , Sang-Hyun Kim , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(5):682-688. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3411-3

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Abstract PDF: Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses are found chiefly in birds and have caused severe disease and death in infected humans. Development of influenza vaccines capable of inducing heterosubtypic immunity against a broad range of influenza viruses is the best option for the preparedness, since vaccination remains the principal method in controlling influenza viral infections. Here, a mOMV-adjuvanted recombinant H5N2 (rH5N2) whole virus antigen vaccine with A/Environment/Korea/W149/06(H5N1)-derived H5 HA and A/Chicken/Korea/ma116/04(H9N2)-derived N2 NA in the backbone of A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) was prepared and generated by reverse genetics. Groups of mice were vaccinated by a prime-boost regime with the rH5N2 vaccine (1.75 μg of HA with/without 10 μg mOMV or aluminum hydroxide adjuvant for comparison). At two weeks post-immunizations, vaccinated mice were challenged with lethal doses of 103.5 EID50/ml of H5N1 or H9N2 avian influenza viruses, and were monitored for 15 days. Both mOMV- and alum-adjuvant vaccine groups had high survival rates after H5N1 infection and low levels of body weight changes compared to control groups. Interestingly, the mOMV-adjuvanted group induced better cross-reactive antibody responses serologically and promoted cross-protectivity against H5N1 and H9N2 virus challenges. Our results suggest that mOMV could be used as a vaccine adjuvant in the development of effective vaccines used to control influenza A virus transmission.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Pre-pandemic H5N1 Vaccine (MG1109) in Mouse and Ferret Models: Min-Suk Song , Ho-Jin Moon , Hyeok-il Kwon , Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua , Jun Han Lee , Yun Hee Baek , Kyu-Jin Woo , Juhee Choi , Sangho Lee , Hyunseung Yoo , In gyeong Oh , Yeup Yoon , Jong-Bok Rho , Moon-Hee Sung , Seung-Pyo Hong , Chul-Joong Kim , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):487-488.

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Abstract PDF: The threat of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus causing the next pandemic remains a major concern. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated whole-virus H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine (MG1109) formulated by Green Cross Co., Ltd containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the clade 1 A/Vietnam/1194/04 virus in the backbone of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34). Administration of the MG1109 vaccine (2-doses) in mice and ferrets elicited high HI and SN titers in a dose-dependent manner against the homologous (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34) and various heterologous H5N1 strains, (RgKor/W149/06xPR8/34, RgCambodia/04xPR8/34, RgGuangxi/05xPR8/34), including a heterosubtypic H5N2 (A/Aquatic bird/orea/W81/05) virus. However, efficient cross-reactivity was not observed against heterosubtypic H9N2 (A/Ck/Korea/H0802/08) and H1N1 (PR/8/34) viruses. Mice immunized with 1.9 μg HA/dose of MG1109 were completely protected from lethal challenge with heterologous wild-type HPAI H5N1 A/EM/Korea/W149/06 (clade 2.2) and mouse-adapted H5N2 viruses. Furthermore, ferrets administered at least 3.8 μg HA/dose efficiently suppressed virus growth in the upper respiratory tract and lungs. Vaccinated mice and ferrets also demonstrated attenuation of clinical disease signs and limited virus spread to other organs. Thus, this vaccine provided immunogenic responses in mouse and ferret models even against challenge with heterologous HPAI H5N1 and H5N2 viruses. Since the specific strain of HPAI H5N1 virus that would potentially cause the next outbreak is unknown, pre-pandemic vaccine preparation that could provide crossprotection against various H5 strains could be a useful approach in the selection of promising candidate vaccines in the future.

ERRATUM] Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Pre-pandemic H5N1 Vaccine (MG1109) in Mouse and Ferret Models: Min-Suk Song , Ho-Jin Moon , Hyeok-il Kwon , Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua , Jun Han Lee , Yun Hee Baek , Kyu-Jin Woo , Juhee Choi , Sangho Lee , Hyunseung Yoo , In gyeong Oh , Yeup Yoon , Jong-Bok Rho , Moon-Hee Sung , Seung-Pyo Hong , Chul-Joong Kim , Young Ki Choi; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(4):715-715.

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Abstract PDF: In the article by Song et al. that appears in the Journal of Microbiology 2012; 50, 478-488. Page 478, the name of 7th author, Kyu-Jin Woo, should read as Gyu-Jin Woo.

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