Journal of Microbiology

Full articles

Lactobacillus crispatus KBL693 alleviates atopic dermatitis symptoms through immune modulation: Seokcheon Song, Jun-Hyeong Kim, Sung Jae Jang, Eun Jung Jo, Sang Kyun Lim, GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(10):e2509005. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2509005

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread inflammatory skin condition that affects the population worldwide. Given the implication of microbiota in AD pathogenesis, we investigated whether human-derived Lactobacillus strains could modulate AD. In this study, we identified Lactobacillus crispatus KBL693 as a probiotic candidate for AD treatment. In vitro, KBL693 suppressed mast cell degranulation and IL-4 production by T cells, suggesting its ability to attenuate key type 2 immune responses. Consistent outcomes were observed in a murine AD model, where oral administration of KBL693 alleviated disease symptoms and reduced hallmark type 2 immune markers, including plasma IgE as well as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in skin lesions. In addition to downregulating these AD-associated immune responses, KBL693 promoted regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion in mesenteric lymph nodes, indicating its potential to restore immune balance. Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of KBL693 for AD through enhancement of Tregs and suppression of type 2 immune responses.

Prebiotic potential of proso millet and quinoa: Effects on gut microbiota composition and functional metabolic pathways: Jinwoo Kim, Jiwoon Kim, Yewon Jung, Gyungcheon Kim, Seongok Kim, Hakdong Shin; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(7):e2503002. Published online July 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2503002

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Prebiotics are indigestible dietary components that improve host health by stimulating the growth and metabolic activity of beneficial intestinal microbes. The whole grains are rich in non-digestible carbohydrates, which may confer prebiotic potential. Among them, millet and quinoa have gained attention as dietary alternatives due to the growing popularity of gluten-free diets. In this study, we examined the effects of proso millet and quinoa on the human gut microbiota using an in vitro fecal incubation model. Both grains altered alpha diversity metrics, including microbial richness, evenness, and phylogenetic diversity. Beta diversity analysis showed that the proso millet and quinoa treatment groups exhibited distinct clustering patterns compared to the control, highlighting their impact on microbial community structure. Taxonomic analysis showed an increase in beneficial genera, including Bifidobacterium, and a decrease in taxa such as Enterobacteriaceae and Flavonifractor. To assess metabolic changes associated with microbial fermentation, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) intensities were measured. The intensities of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were significantly higher in the proso millet- and quinoa-treated groups compared to the control group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Blautia were significantly positively associated with SCFA intensities. Furthermore, predicted functional pathway analysis identified enrichment of carbohydrate-related pathways in proso millet and quinoa treatments. Quinoa supplementation led to a broader enhancement of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathways, whereas proso millet enriched galactose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings suggest that proso millet and quinoa influence gut microbial diversity, composition, and function.

Bacteroides celer sp. nov. and Bacteroides mucinivorans sp. nov., isolated from human feces, and the reclassification of Bacteroides koreensis Shin et al. 2017 and Bacteroides kribbi Shin et al. 2017 as later heterotypic synonyms of Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933 (Approved Lists 1980): Ah-In Yang, Bora Kim, Woorim Kang, Hae-In Joe, Na-Ri Shin; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(6):e2502006. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2502006; Correction in: J. Microbiol 2025;63(7):e2507100

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Two novel, Gram-stain-negative, anaerobic, and non-motile bacterial strains, designated KFT8^T and CG01^T, were isolated from the feces of healthy individuals without diagnosed diseases and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both strains belong to the genus Bacteroides, with < 99.0% similarity in their 16S rRNA gene sequences to B. facilis NSJ-77^T and B. nordii JCM 12987^T. Within the genus Bacteroides, strain KFT8^T exhibited the highest Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity value of 94.7% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 63.7% with B. ovatus ATCC 8483^T, whereas strain CG01^T showed the highest values of 95.3% and 63.3%, respectively, with B. nordii JCM 12987^T. The values between the two novel strains were 74.8% and 21.4%, respectively, which are below the species delineation thresholds, supporting their classification as novel species. The major fatty acid of strain KFT8^T was C_18:1 ω9c, whereas strain CG01^T predominantly contained summed feature 11 (comprising iso-C_17:0 3OH and/or C_18:2 DMA). The only respiratory quinone was MK-11, the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Both strains produced succinic acid and acetic acid as common metabolic end-products of fermentation, while lactic acid and formic acid were detected individually in each strain. Based on polyphasic characterization, strains KFT8^T (= KCTC 15614^T = JCM 36011^T) and CG01^T (= KCTC 15613^T = JCM 36010^T) represent two novel species within the genus Bacteroides, for which the names Bacteroides celer sp. nov. and Bacteroides mucinivorans sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. Additionally, genome-based analyses and phenotypic comparisons revealed that B. koreensis and B. kribbi represent the same strain, showing genomic relatedness to B. ovatus that exceeds the threshold for species delineation. Consequently, we propose the reclassification of B. koreensis Shin et al. 2017 and B. kribbi Shin et al. 2017 as later heterotypic synonyms of B. ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon 1933 (Approved Lists 1980).

Research Article

Synbiotic combination of fructooligosaccharides and probiotics ameliorates the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Sang Yoon Lee, Su-Been Lee, Goo-Hyun Kwon, Seol Hee Song, Jeong Ha Park, Min Ju Kim, Jung A Eom, Kyeong Jin Lee, Sang Jun Yoon, Hyunjoon Park, Sung-Min Won, Jin-Ju Jeong, Ki-Kwang Oh, Young Lim Ham, Gwang Ho Baik, Dong Joon Kim, Satya Priya Sharma, Ki Tae Suk; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(2):e2411002. Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2411002

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Synbiotics have become a new-age treatment tool for limiting the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; however, inclusive comparisons of various synbiotic treatments are still lacking. Here, we have explored and evaluated multiple synbiotic combinations incorporating three distinctive prebiotics, lactitol, lactulose and fructooligosaccharides. Of the synbiotic treatments evaluated, a combination of fructooligosaccharides and probiotics (FOS+Pro) exhibited superior protection against western diet-induced liver degeneration. This synbiotic (FOS+Pro) combination resulted in the lowest body weight gains, liver weights and liver/body weight ratios. The FOS+Pro synbiotic combination substantially alleviated liver histopathological markers and reduced serum AST and cholesterol levels. FOS+Pro ameliorated hepatic inflammation by lowering expression of proinflammatory markers including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2. FOS+Pro significantly improved steatosis by restricting the expression of lipid metabolic regulators (ACC1, FAS) and lipid transporters (CD36) in the liver. These findings are critical in suggesting that synbiotic treatments are capable of restraining western diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in the liver. Additionally, this study demonstrated that adding probiotic strains amplified the effectiveness of fructooligosaccharides but not all prebiotics.

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Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis: A Comprehensive Review
Xueying Wang, Zhiying Wei, Qing Xiang, Lijie Tang, Weichun Xie
Microorganisms.2025; 13(8): 1894. CrossRef
Profiling oligosaccharide components in Polygonatum kingianum with potential anti-NAFLD activity using UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology
Hong Guo, Rui Yao, Jing Fan, Ying Wang, Lingzhi Zhang, Hua Sun, Xiaohan Guo, Jianbo Yang, Jingzhe Pu, Yazhong Zhang, Baozhong Duan, Jia Chen, Wenguang Jing, Xianlong Cheng, Feng Wei
Food Hydrocolloids for Health.2025; 8: 100248. CrossRef
Probiotics and cholesterol metabolism: new frontiers in science from intestinal microecology to cardiovascular health
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Review

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Indications, Methods, and Challenges.: Jee Young Lee, Yehwon Kim, Jiyoun Kim, Jiyeun Kate Kim; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(12):1057-1074. Published online November 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00184-3

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Over the past two decades, as the importance of gut microbiota to human health has become widely known, attempts have been made to treat diseases by correcting dysbiosis of gut microbiota through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Apart from current knowledge of gut microbiota, FMT to treat disease has a long history, from the treatment of food poisoning in the fourth century to the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections in the twentieth century. In 2013, FMT was recognized as a standard treatment for recurrent C. difficile because it consistently showed high efficacy. Though recurrent C. difficile is the only disease internationally recognized for FMT efficacy, FMT has been tested for other diseases and shown some promising preliminary results. Different FMT methods have been developed using various formulations and administration routes. Despite advances in FMT, some issues remain to be resolved, such as donor screening, manufacturing protocols, and unknown components in the fecal microbiota. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms, clinical indications, methods, and challenges of current FMT. We also discuss the development of alternative therapies to overcome the challenges of FMT.

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Transplantation of Fecal Flora from Patients with Atherosclerosis to Mice Can Increase Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Affect Intestinal Flora and Its Metabolites
Liang Feng, Jianting Feng, Li He, Fu Chen, Xin Feng, Suwen Wang
Applied Microbiology.2025; 5(1): 29. CrossRef
Management of refractory checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis
Anas Zaher, Maria Julia Moura Nascimento Santos, Hassan Elsaygh, Stephen J. Peterson, Carolina Colli Cruz, Anusha Shirwaikar Thomas, Yinghong Wang
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in Clostridium difficile Infection: A Paradigm Shift in Gastrointestinal Microbiome Modulation
Muhammad Hamza Saeed, Sundas Qamar, Ayesha Ishtiaq, Qudsia Umaira khan, Asma Atta, Maryam Atta, Hifza Ishtiaq, Marriam Khan, Muhammad Rawal Saeed, Ayesha Iqbal
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the gut microbiome’s influence on cancer-associated anemia: Mechanisms, clinical challenges, and innovative therapies
Ayrton Bangolo, Behzad Amoozgar, Maryam Habibi, Elizabeth Simms, Vignesh K Nagesh, Shruti Wadhwani, Nikita Wadhwani, Auda Auda, Daniel Elias, Charlene Mansour, Robert Abbott, Nisrene Jebara, Lili Zhang, Sarvarinder Gill, Kareem Ahmed, Andrew Ip, Andre Goy
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Microbiome Therapeutics for Clostridioides difficile Infection
Christine W. Lucky, Rachel L. Medernach, Brendan J. Kelly, Jennie H. Kwon, Michael H. Woodworth
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.2025; 39(4): 663. CrossRef
Laboratory preparation methods for human-derived fecal microbial suspensions for fecal microbiota transplantation: a review and standardization perspectives
Jinhua Gong, Yuchi Liu, Liuye Huang
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Journal Articles

The Impact of Makgeolli Consumption on Gut Microbiota: An Enterotype-Based Preliminary Study: Gyungcheon Kim, Seongok Kim, Hayan Jung, Seohyun Kang, Gwoncheol Park, Hakdong Shin; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):965-972. Published online October 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00176-3

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Makgeolli, a traditional Korean liquor, contains components such as lactic acid bacteria and dietary fiber, which can induce changes in the gut microbiome. Since variations in microbiome responses may exist between enterotypes-classifications based on the dominant bacterial populations in the gut-we hypothesized that the consumption of makgeolli leads to enterotype-dependent differences in gut microbial structures among healthy participants. This study aimed to determine the effect of makgeolli consumption on gut microbial structures by stratifying all participants into two enterotype groups: Bacteroides-dominant type (B-type, n = 7) and Prevotella-dominant type (P-type, n = 4). The B-type showed an increase in alpha diversity, while no significant difference was observed in the P-type following makgeolli consumption. The composition of gut microbiota significantly changed in the B-type, whereas no noticeable alteration was observed in the P-type after makgeolli consumption. Notably, Prevotella exhibited the most significant changes only in the P-type. In line with the increased abundance of Prevotella, the genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, including pentose/glucuronate interconversions, fructose/mannose metabolism, starch/sucrose metabolism and amino sugar/nucleotide sugar metabolism were significantly enriched following makgeolli consumption in the P-type. These findings suggest that makgeolli consumption induces enterotype-dependent alterations in gut microbial composition and metabolic pathways, highlighting the potential for personalized dietary interventions.

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The prebiotic potential of dietary onion extracts: shaping gut microbial structures and promoting beneficial metabolites
Yebeen Yoo, Seongok Kim, WonJune Lee, Jinwoo Kim, Bokyung Son, Kwang Jun Lee, Hakdong Shin, Aviâja Lyberth Hauptmann
mSystems.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Dietary Fiber Intake Improves Osteoporosis Caused by Chronic Lead Exposure by Restoring the Gut–Bone Axis
Ruijian Wang, Jin Shen, Chunqing Han, Xiaodong Shi, Yan Gong, Xiping Hu, Zhongtang Jia, Miaomiao Wang, Yu Wu
Nutrients.2025; 17(9): 1513. CrossRef
Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Cacao: Insights from an In Vitro Model
Jinshil Kim, Sunil Jung, Gyungcheon Kim, Jinwoo Kim, Bokyung Son, Hakdong Shin
Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2025; 47(6): 414. CrossRef

The Gut Microbiota Mediates the Protective Effects of Spironolactone on Myocardial Infarction: Lu Li, Jian-Yong Sun, Yu-Lin Li, Shi-Wei Zhu, Sheng-Zhong Duan; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(10):883-895. Published online September 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00164-7

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Abstract PDF

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a type of cardiovascular disease that influences millions of human beings worldwide and has a great rate of mortality and morbidity. Spironolactone has been used as a critical drug for the treatment of cardiac failure and it ameliorates cardiac dysfunction post-MI. Despite these findings, whether there is a relationship between the therapeutic effects of spironolactone and the gut microorganism after MI has not been determined. In our research, we used male C57BL/6 J mice to explore whether the gut microbiota mediates the beneficial function of spironolactone after myocardial infarction. We demonstrated that deletion of the gut microbiota eliminated the beneficial function of spironolactone in MI mice, displaying exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, cardiac infarct size. In addition, the gut microbiota was altered by spironolactone after sham or MI operation in mice. We also used male C57BL/6 J mice to investigate the function of a probiotic in the myocardial infarction. In summary, our findings reveal a precious role of the gut flora in the therapeutic function of spironolactone on MI.

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Probiotics and Prebiotics in Post-Myocardial Infarction Rehabilitation: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Future Directions
Georgy Leonov, Elena Livantsova, Yurgita Varaeva, Antonina Starodubova
Current Nutrition Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Research Trends and Hotspots of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Bibliometric Analysis
Kaixuan Zhang, Yajun Shi, Lirong Peng, Xiaofei Zhang, Nanbo Zheng, Jiajing Xin, Junbo Zou, Fei Luan
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2025; Volume 18: 5125. CrossRef
Insights into the role of gut microbiota modulation in the management of various cardiovascular diseases: A new approach for improving the efficacy of current cardiovascular medications
Lamiaa A. Ahmed, Khaled F. Al-Massri
European Journal of Pharmacology.2025; 1007: 178210. CrossRef
The role of the gut microbiota in the onset and progression of heart failure: insights into epigenetic mechanisms and aging
Giulia Matacchione, Francesco Piacenza, Lorenzo Pimpini, Yuri Rosati, Serena Marcozzi
Clinical Epigenetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Identification of avaC from Human Gut Microbial Isolates that Converts 5AVA to 2-Piperidone: Qiudi Zhou, Lihui Feng; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):367-379. Published online June 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00141-0

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2-piperidone is a crucial industrial raw material of high-value nylon-5 and nylon-6,5. Currently, a major bottleneck in the biosynthesis of 2-piperidone is the identification of highly efficient 2-piperidone synthases. In this study, we aimed to identify specific strains among 51 human gut bacterial strains capable of producing 2-piperidone and to elucidate its synthetic mechanism. Our findings revealed that four gut bacterial strains, namely Collinsella aerofaciens LFYP39, Collinsella intestinalis LFYP54, Clostridium bolteae LFYP116, and Clostridium hathewayi LFYP18, could produce 2-piperidone from 5-aminovaleric acid (5AVA). Additionally, we observed that 2-piperidone could be synthesized from proline through cross-feeding between Clostridium difficile LFYP43 and one of the four 2-piperidone producing strains, respectively. To identify the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5AVA to 2-piperidone, we utilized a gain-of-function library and identified avaC (5-aminovaleric acid cyclase) in C. intestinalis LFYP54. Moreover, homologous genes of avaC were validated in the other three bacterial strains. Notably, avaC were found to be widely distributed among environmental bacteria. Overall, our research delineated the gut bacterial strains and genes involved in 2-piperidone production, holding promise for enhancing the efficiency of industrial biosynthesis of this compound.

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Metabolite biomarkers of screening neonatal congenital hypothyroidism based on dried blood spot metabolomics
Xingyu Guo, Feng Suo, Yuting Wang, Di Yu, Yi Wang, Bulian Dong, Lingshan Gou, Xinhui Gan, Benjing Wang, Chaowen Yu, Xiaoxiang Xie, Dandan Linghu, Xinyu Liu, Maosheng Gu, Guowang Xu
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Reviews

Application of Microbiome‑Based Therapies in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Se Hee Lee, Jang Ho Lee, Sei Won Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):201-216. Published online April 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00124-1

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The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and afected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype. However, it is not easy to directly modulate the lung microbiome. Additionally, studies have shown that chronic respiratory diseases can be improved by modulating gut microbiome and administrating metabolites. Although the composition, diversity, and abundance of the microbiome between the gut and lung are considerably diferent, modulation of the gut microbiome could improve lung dysbiosis. The gut microbiome infuences that of the lung via bacterial-derived components and metabolic degradation products, including short-chain fatty acids. This phenomenon might be associated with the cross-talk between the gut microbiome and lung, called gut-lung axis. There are multiple alternatives to modulate the gut microbiome, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics ingestion and fecal material transplantation. Several studies have shown that high-fber diets, for example, present benefcial efects through the production of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, genetically modifed probiotics to secrete some benefcial molecules might also be utilized to treat chronic respiratory diseases. Further studies on microbial modulation to regulate immunity and potentiate conventional pharmacotherapy will improve microbiome modulation techniques, which will develop as a new therapeutic area in chronic respiratory diseases.

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Role of the gut‑lung axis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Physiological basis, pathogenesis and immunological modulation (Review)
Yue Zhu, Rui-Dong Ding
Molecular Medicine Reports.2025; 32(6): 1. CrossRef
Postbiotics in Respiratory Health: Functional Components, Innovative Application, and Emerging Challenges
Jianqiang Lan, Shimin Wu, Hong Li, Junfang Wang, Min Li
The Journal of Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bacteria and Allergic Diseases
Svetlana V. Guryanova
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(19): 10298. CrossRef
The emerging roles of microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Yuan Gao, Kaixuan Wang, Zupan Lin, Shujing Cai, Aohui Peng, Le He, Hui Qi, Zhigang Jin, Xubo Qian
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Host-Associated Microbiome
Woo Jun Sul
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(3): 135. CrossRef

Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health: Ye Eun Ra, Ye‑Ji Bang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):167-179. Published online April 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00122-3

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Abstract PDF

The human gut houses a diverse and dynamic microbiome critical for digestion, metabolism, and immune development, exerting profound efects on human health. However, these microorganisms pose a potential threat by breaching the gut barrier, entering host tissues, and triggering infections, uncontrolled infammation, and even sepsis. The intestinal epithelial cells form the primary defense, acting as a frontline barrier against microbial invasion. Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), produced by these cells, serve as innate immune efectors that regulate the gut microbiome by directly killing or inhibiting microbes. Abnormal AMP production, whether insufcient or excessive, can disturb the microbiome equilibrium, contributing to various intestinal diseases. This review delves into the complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota and sheds light on the role of AMPs in governing host-microbiota interactions. We discuss the function and mechanisms of action of AMPs, their regulation by the gut microbiota, microbial evasion strategies, and the consequences of AMP dysregulation in disease. Understanding these complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota is crucial for developing strategies to enhance immune responses and combat infections within the gut microbiota. Ongoing research continues to uncover novel aspects of this intricate relationship, deepening our understanding of the factors shaping gut health. This knowledge has the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions, ofering enhanced treatments for a wide range of gut-related diseases.

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Skin Deep: The Potential of Microbiome Cosmetics: Ju Hee Han, Hei Sung Kim; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):181-199. Published online April 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00128-x

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Abstract PDF

The interplay between the skin microbiome and its host is a complex facet of dermatological health and has become a critical focus in the development of microbiome cosmetics. The skin microbiome, comprising various microorganisms, is essential from birth, develops over the lifespan, and performs vital roles in protecting our body against pathogens, training the immune system, and facilitating the breakdown of organic matter. Dysbiosis, an imbalance of these microorganisms, has been implicated in a number of skin conditions such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and skin cancer. Recent scientific findings have spurred cosmetic companies to develop products that preserve and enhance the skin's microbial diversity balance. These products may incorporate elements like prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics, which are beneficial for the skin microbiome. Beyond topical products, there's increasing interest in ingestible beauty supplements (i.e. oral probiotics), highlighting the connection between the gut and skin. This review examines the influence of the microbiome on skin health and the emerging trends of microbiome skincare products.

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Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High‑Fat Diet‑Induced Colorectal Cancer: Chaeeun Lee, Seungrin Lee, Woongjae Yoo; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):153-165. Published online April 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2

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Abstract PDF

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly infuence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut infammation conditions.

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Journal Article

Hydroxychloroquine an Antimalarial Drug, Exhibits Potent Antifungal Efficacy Against Candida albicans Through Multitargeting: Sargun Tushar Basrani, Tanjila Chandsaheb Gavandi, Shivani Balasaheb Patil, Nandkumar Subhash Kadam, Dhairyasheel Vasantrao Yadav, Sayali Ashok Chougule, Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil, Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):381-391. Published online April 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00111-6

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Candida albicans is the primary etiological agent associated with candidiasis in humans. Unrestricted growth of C. albicans can progress to systemic infections in the worst situation. This study investigates the antifungal activity of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and mode of action against C. albicans. HCQ inhibited the planktonic growth and yeast to hyphal form morphogenesis of C. albicans significantly at 0.5 mg/ml concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC(50)) of HCQ for C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation on the polystyrene surface was at 2 mg/ml and 4 mg/ml respectively. Various methods, such as scanning electron microscopy, exploration of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, cell cycle analysis, and assessment of S oxygen species (ROS) generation, were employed to investigate HCQ exerting its antifungal effects. HCQ was observed to reduce ergosterol levels in the cell membranes of C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HCQ treatment caused a substantial arrest of the C. albicans cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, which impeded normal cell growth. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of SOD2, SOD1, and CAT1 genes after HCQ treatment, while genes like HWP1, RAS1, TEC1, and CDC 35 were downregulated. The study also assessed the in vivo efficacy of HCQ in a mice model, revealing a reduction in the pathogenicity of C. albicans after HCQ treatment. These results indicate that HCQ holds for the development of novel antifungal therapies.

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Bin Du, Leqi Li, Jingjing Li, Yiping Liu, Pu Wang
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Review

Genomic Evolution and Recombination Dynamics of Human Adenovirus D Species: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis: Anyeseu Park, Chanhee Lee, Jeong Yoon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):393-407. Published online March 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00112-5

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Abstract PDF

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can infect various epithelial mucosal cells, ultimately causing different symptoms in infected organ systems. With more than 110 types classified into seven species (A-G), HAdV-D species possess the highest number of viruses and are the fastest proliferating. The emergence of new adenovirus types and increased diversity are driven by homologous recombination (HR) between viral genes, primarily in structural elements such as the penton base, hexon and fiber proteins, and the E1 and E3 regions. A comprehensive analysis of the HAdV genome provides valuable insights into the evolution of human adenoviruses and identifies genes that display high variation across the entire genome to determine recombination patterns. Hypervariable regions within genetic sequences correlate with functional characteristics, thus allowing for adaptation to new environments and hosts. Proteotyping of newly emerging and already established adenoviruses allows for prediction of the characteristics of novel viruses. HAdV-D species evolved in a direction that increased diversity through gene recombination. Bioinformatics analysis across the genome, particularly in highly variable regions, allows for the verification or re-evaluation of recombination patterns in both newly introduced and pre-existing viruses, ultimately aiding in tracing various biological traits such as virus tropism and pathogenesis. Our research does not only assist in predicting the emergence of new adenoviruses but also offers critical guidance in regard to identifying potential regulatory factors of homologous recombination hotspots.

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Effects of Feather Hydrolysates Generated by Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis WHU on Gut Microbiota of Broiler and Common carp: Kamin Ke, Yingjie Sun, Tingting He, Wenbo Liu, Yijiao Wen, Siyuan Liu, Qin Wang, Xiaowei Gao; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(6):473-487. Published online February 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00118-z

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Abstract PDF

Due to the ever-increasing demand for meat, it has become necessary to identify cheap and sustainable sources of protein for animal feed. Feathers are the major byproduct of poultry industry, which are rich in hard-to-degrade keratin protein. Previously we found that intact feathers can be digested into free amino acids, short peptides, and nano-/micro-keratin particles by the strain Bacillus licheniformis WHU in water, and the resulting feather hydrolysates exhibit prebiotic effects on mice. To explore the potential utilization of feather hydrolysate in the feed industry, we investigated its effects on the gut microbiota of broilers and fish. Our results suggest that feather hydrolysates significantly decrease and increase the diversity of gut microbial communities in broilers and fish, respectively. The composition of the gut microbiota was markedly altered in both of the animals. The abundance of bacteria with potentially pathogenic phenotypes in the gut microbial community of the fish significantly decreased. Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., Achromobacter spp. were significantly inhibited by the feather hydrolysates. In addition, feather hydrolysates significantly improved proteolytic activity in the guts of broilers and fish. In fish, the expression levels of ZO-1 and TGF-α significantly improved after administration of feather hydrolysates. The results presented here suggest that feather hydrolysates generated by B. licheniformis WHU could be an alternative protein source in aquaculture and could exert beneficial effects on fish.

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Keratinous bioresources: their generation, microbial degradation, and value enhancement for biotechnological applications
Vijan Lal Vikash, Numbi Ramudu Kamini, Ganesan Ponesakki, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS45 (Rv2615c) Promotes Recombinant Mycobacteria Intracellular Survival via Regulation of Innate Immunity, and Inhibition of Cell Apoptosis: Tao Xu , Chutong Wang , Minying Li , Jing Wei , Zixuan He , Zhongqing Qian , Xiaojing Wang , Hongtao Wang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(1):49-62. Published online February 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00101-0

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Abstract PDF

Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), is a significant global public health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis expresses a unique family of PE_PGRS proteins that have been implicated in pathogenesis. Despite numerous studies, the functions of most PE_PGRS proteins in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium infections remain unclear. PE_PGRS45 (Rv2615c) is only found in pathogenic mycobacteria. In this study, we successfully constructed a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) strain which heterologously expresses the PE_PGRS45 protein. We found that overexpression of this cell wall-associated protein enhanced bacterial viability under stress in vitro and cell survival in macrophages. MS_PE_PGRS45 decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α. We also found that MS_PE_PGRS45 increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and altered macrophage-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, PE_PGRS45 enhanced the survival rate of M. smegmatis in macrophages by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Collectively, our findings show that PE_PGRS45 is a virulent factor actively involved in the interaction with the host macrophage.

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Evolution of the PE_PGRS Proteins of Mycobacteria: Are All Equal or Are Some More Equal than Others?
Bei Chen, Belmin Bajramović, Bastienne Vriesendorp, Herman Pieter Spaink
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Ming-Rui Sun, Jia-Yin Xing, Xiao-Tian Li, Ren Fang, Yang Zhang, Zhao-Li Li, Ning-Ning Song
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2025; 58(5): 497. CrossRef
Rv2741 Promotes Mycobacterium Survival by Modulating Macrophage Function via the IL-1α-MAPK Axis
Xintong He, Yonglin He, Xichuan Deng, Nan Lu, Anlong Li, Sijia Gao, Shiyan He, Yuran Wang, Nanzhe Fu, Zijie Wang, Yuxin Nie, Lei Xu
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Zhijing Zhang, Le Dong, Xin Li, Taibing Deng, Qinglan Wang
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Genetic and Functional Characterization of a Salicylate 1‑monooxygenase Located on an Integrative and Conjugative Element (ICE) in Pseudomonas stutzeri AJR13: Igor Ivanovski , Gerben J. Zylstra; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(12):1025-1032. Published online December 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00093-x

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Pseudomonas stutzeri strain AJR13 was isolated for growth on the related compounds biphenyl (BPH) and diphenylmethane (DPM). The BPH and DPM degradative pathway genes are present on an integrative and conjugative element (ICE) in the chromosome. Examination of the genome sequence of AJR13 revealed a gene encoding a salicylate 1-monooxygenase (salA) associated with the ICE even though AJR13 did not grow on salicylate. Transfer of the ICE to the well-studied Pseudomonas putida KT2440 resulted in a KT2440 strain that could grow on salicylate. Knockout mutagenesis of the salA gene on the ICE in KT2440 eliminated the ability to grow on salicylate. Complementation of the knockout with the cloned salA gene restored growth on salicylate. Transfer of the cloned salA gene under control of the lac promoter to KT2440 resulted in a strain that could grow on salicylate. Heterologous expression of the salA gene in E. coli BL21 DE3 resulted in the production of catechol from salicylate, confirming that it is indeed a salicylate 1-monooxygenase. Interestingly, transfer of the cloned salA gene under control of the lac promoter to AJR13 resulted in a strain that could now grow on salicylate, suggesting that gene expression for the downstream catechol pathway is intact.

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Analysis of Benzoate 1,2‐Dioxygenase Identifies Shared Electron Transfer Components With DxnA1A2 in Rhizorhabdus wittichii RW1
Igor Ivanovski, Suha Eleya, Gerben J. Zylstra
Journal of Basic Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Quantitative Analysis of RNA Polymerase Slippages for Production of P3N‑PIPO Trans‑frame Fusion Proteins in Potyvirids: Dongjin Choi , Yoonsoo Hahn; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):917-927. Published online October 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00083-z

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Potyvirids, members of the family Potyviridae, produce the P3N-PIPO protein, which is crucial for the cell-to-cell transport of viral genomic RNAs. The production of P3N-PIPO requires an adenine (A) insertion caused by RNA polymerase slippage at a conserved GAA AAA A ( GA6) sequence preceding the PIPO open reading frame. Presently, the slippage rate of RNA polymerase has been estimated in only a few potyvirids, ranging from 0.8 to 2.1%. In this study, we analyzed publicly available plant RNA-seq data and identified 19 genome contigs from 13 distinct potyvirids. We further investigated the RNA polymerase slippage rates at the GA6 motif. Our analysis revealed that the frequency of the A insertion variant ranges from 0.53 to 4.07% in 11 potyviruses (genus Potyvirus). For the two macluraviruses (genus Macluravirus), the frequency of the A insertion variant was found to be 0.72% and 10.96% respectively. Notably, the estimated RNA polymerase slippage rates for 12 out of the 13 investigated potyvirids were reported for the first time in this study. Our findings underscore the value of plant RNA-seq data for quantitative analysis of potyvirid genome variants, specifically at the GA6 slippage site, and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the RNA polymerase slippage phenomenon in potyvirids.

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Discovery of novel tepovirus genomes with a nucleic acid-binding protein homolog by systematic analysis of plant transcriptome data
Dongjin Choi, Hyerin Park, Seungwoo Baek, Myeung Seok Choi, Sylvain Legay, Gea Guerriero, Jean-François Hausman, Yoonsoo Hahn
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Reconceptualizing transcriptional slippage in plant RNA viruses
Adrian A. Valli, María Luisa Domingo-Calap, Alfonso González de Prádena, Juan Antonio García, Hongguang Cui, Cécile Desbiez, Juan José López-Moya, Shou-Wei Ding, Andrew Firth
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Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity Associated with Six Understudied Ectomycorrhizal Trees in the Republic of Korea: Ki Hyeong Park , Seung-Yoon Oh , Yoonhee Cho , Chang Wan Seo , Ji Seon Kim , Shinnam Yoo , Jisun Lim , Chang Sun Kim , Young Woon Lim; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(8):729-739. Published online September 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00073-1

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Abstract PDF: Mycorrhizal fungi are key components of forest ecosystems and play essential roles in host health. The host specificity of mycorrhizal fungi is variable and the mycorrhizal fungi composition for the dominant tree species is largely known but remains unknown for the less common tree species. In this study, we collected soil samples from the roots of six understudied ectomycorrhizal tree species from a preserved natural park in the Republic of Korea over four seasons to investigate the host specificity of mycorrhizal fungi in multiple tree species, considering the abiotic factors. We evaluated the mycorrhizal fungal composition in each tree species using a metabarcoding approach. Our results revealed that each host tree species harbored unique mycorrhizal communities, despite close localization. Most mycorrhizal taxa belonged to ectomycorrhizal fungi, but a small proportion of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were also detected. While common mycorrhizal fungi were shared between the plant species at the genus or higher taxonomic level, we found high host specificity at the species/OTU (operational taxonomic unit) level. Moreover, the effects of the seasons and soil properties on the mycorrhizal communities differed by tree species. Our results indicate that mycorrhizal fungi feature host-specificity at lower taxonomic levels.

Chemokine CCL6 Plays Key Role in the Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin A on Norovirus Infection: Heetae Lee , Giljae Lee , You-Hee Cho , Youngcheon Song , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(5):579-587. Published online May 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00047-3

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Abstract PDF: Norovirus (NoV) is the most common viral cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Vitamin A has demonstrated the potential to protect against gastrointestinal infections. However, the effects of vitamin A on human norovirus (HuNoV) infections remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how vitamin A administration affects NoV replication. We demonstrated that treatment with retinol or retinoic acid (RA) inhibited NoV replication in vitro based on their effects on HuNoV replicon-bearing cells and murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) replication in murine cells. MNV replication in vitro showed significant transcriptomic changes, which were partially reversed by retinol treatment. RNAi knockdown of CCL6, a chemokine gene that was downregulated by MNV infection but upregulated by retinol administration, resulted in increased MNV replication in vitro. This suggested a role of CCL6 in the host response to MNV infections. Similar gene expression patterns were observed in the murine intestine after oral administration of RA and/or MNV-1.CW1. CCL6 directly decreased HuNoV replication in HG23 cells, and might indirectly regulate the immune response against NoV infection. Finally, relative replication levels of MNV-1.CW1 and MNV-1.CR6 were significantly increased in CCL6 knockout RAW 264.7 cells. This study is the first to comprehensively profile transcriptomes in response to NoV infection and vitamin A treatment in vitro, and thus may provide new insights into dietary prophylaxis and NoV infections.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Outbreaks in Shenyang from 2017 to 2021: Ying Qi , Xinxin Dong , Xiaowei Cheng , Han Xu , Jin Wang , Bing Wang , Ye Chen , Baijun Sun , Linlin Zhang , Yan Yao; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):471-478. Published online March 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00033-9

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Abstract PDF

Norovirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks and to provide evidence for public health entities. Specimens and epidemiological survey data were collected to determine if there were differences in the attack rate of norovirus in terms of the year, season, transmission route, exposure setting, and region and to determine whether there were relationships between the reporting interval, the number of illnesses in a single outbreak and the duration of the outbreak. Norovirus outbreaks were reported throughout the year, with seasonal characteristics (i.e., high rates in spring and winter). Among all regions in Shenyang with the exception of Huanggu and Liaozhong, norovirus outbreaks had been reported, and the primary genotype was GII.2[P16]. Vomiting was the most common symptom. The main places of occurrence were childcare institutions and schools. The person-to-person route was the main transmission route. The median duration of norovirus was 3 days (IQR [interquartile range]: 2–6 days), the median reporting interval was 2 days (IQR: 1–4 days), the median number of illnesses in a single outbreak was 16 (IQR: 10–25); there was a positive correlation between these parameters. Norovirus surveillance and genotyping studies still need to be further strengthened to increase knowledge regarding the pathogens and their variant characteristics, to better characterize the patterns of norovirus outbreaks and to provide information for outbreak prevention. Norovirus outbreaks should be detected, reported and handled early. Public health entities and the government should develop corresponding measures for different seasons, transmission routes, exposure settings, and regions.

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CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis is Involved in the Recruitment of NK Cells by HMGB1 Contributing to Persistent Airway Inflammation and AHR During the Late Stage of RSV Infection: Sisi Chen , Wei Tang , Guangyuan Yu , Zhengzhen Tang , Enmei Liu; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):461-469. Published online February 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00018-8

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We previously showed that both high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and natural killer (NK) cells contribute to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced persistent airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Meanwhile, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its specific receptor (chemokine receptor 4, CXCR4) play important roles in recruitment of immune cells. CXCL12 has been reported to form a complex with HMGB1 that binds to CXCR4 and increases inflammatory cell migration. The relationship between HMGB1, NK cells and chemokines in RSV-infected model remains unclear. An anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody and inhibitor of CXCR4 (AMD3100) was administered to observe changes of NK cells and airway disorders in nude mice and BALB/c mice. Results showed that the mRNA expression and protein levels of HMGB1 were elevated in late stage of RSV infection and persistent airway inflammation and AHR were diminished after administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies, with an associated significant decrease in CXCR4+ NK cells. In addition, CXCL12 and CXCR4 were reduced after HMGB1 blockade. Treatment with AMD3100 significantly suppressed the recruitment of NK cells and alleviated the airway disorders. Thus, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is involved in the recruitment of NK cells by HMGB1, contributing to persistent airway inflammation and AHR during the late stage of RSV infection.

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Effects of Continuous Straw Returning on Soil Functional Microorganisms and Microbial Communities: Yunpeng Guan , Meikang Wu , Songhao Che , Shuai Yuan , Xue Yang , Siyuan Li , Ping Tian , Lei Wu , Meiying Yang , Zhihai Wu; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(1):49-62. Published online January 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-00004-6

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This study examined the changes in soil enzymatic activity, microbial carbon source metabolic diversity, and straw decomposition rates in paddy fields treated with 1, 2, or 3 years of straw returning (SR1–SR3). The soil’s ability to decompose straw and cellulolytic bacteria increased with the number of treatment years (1: 31.9% vs. 2: 43.9% vs. 3: 51.9%, P < 0.05). The numbers of Azotobacter, Nitrobacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, and inorganic phosphate bacteria increased progressively with the numbers of straw returning years. Cellulolytic bacteria and inorganic phosphate bacteria were significantly positively correlated with the decomposition rate (r = 0.783 and r = 0.375, P < 0.05). Based on 16S sequencing results, straw returning improved the microbial diversity of paddy soils by increasing unclassified bacteria and keeping dominant soil microorganism populations unchanged. The relative importance of individual microbial taxa was compared using random forest models. Proteobacteria, ammoniating bacteria, and potassium dissolving bacteria contributed to peroxidase activity. The significant contributors to phosphate monoesterase were Acidobacteriota, Desulfobacterota, ammoniating bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria. Proteobacteria, ammoniating bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria contributed to urease activity. Desulfobacterota, ammoniating bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria contributed to the neutral invertase activity. In conclusion, soil microbial community structure and function were affected within 2 years of straw returning, which was driven by the combined effects of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available potassium, and pH. With elapsing straw returning years, soil properties interacted with soil microbial communities, and a healthier soil micro-ecological environment would form.

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Inhibition of KIF20A suppresses the replication of influenza A virus by inhibiting viral entry: Hoyeon Jeon , Younghyun Lim , In-Gu Lee , Dong-In Kim , Keun Pil Kim , So-Hee Hong , Jeongkyu Kim , Youn-Sang Jung , Young-Jin Seo; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(11):1113-1121. Published online November 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2436-x

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The influenza A virus (IAV) has caused several pandemics, and therefore there are many ongoing efforts to identify novel antiviral therapeutic strategies including vaccines and antiviral drugs. However, influenza viruses continuously undergo antigenic drift and shift, resulting in the emergence of mutated viruses. In turn, this decreases the efficiency of existing vaccines and antiviral drugs to control IAV infection. Therefore, this study sought to identify alternative therapeutic strategies targeting host cell factors rather than viruses to avoid infection by mutated viruses. Particularly, we investigated the role of KIF20A that is one of kinesin superfamily proteins in the replication of IAV. The KIF20A increased viral protein levels in IAV-infected cells by regulating the initial entry stage during viral infection. Furthermore, the KIF20A inhibitor significantly suppressed viral replication, which protected mice from morbidity and mortality. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that KIF20A is highly involved in the viral replication process and viral propagation both in vitro and in vivo, and could thus be used as a target for the development of novel antiviral drugs.

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Synthesis of pinene in the industrial strain Candida glycerinogenes by modification of its mevalonate pathway: Tengfei Ma , Hong Zong , Xinyao Lu , Bin Zhuge; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1191-1200. Published online October 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2344-0

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Terpenes have many applications and are widely found in nature, but recent progress in synthetic biology has enabled the use of microorganisms as chassis cells for the synthesis of these compounds. Candida glycerinogenes (C. glycerinogenes) is an industrial strain that may be developed as a chassis for the synthesis of terpenes since it has a tolerance to hyperosmolality and high sugar, and has a complete mevalonate (MVA) pathway. However, monoterpenes such as pinene are highly toxic, and the tolerance of C. glycerinogenes to pinene was investigated. We also measured the content of mevalonate and squalene to evaluate the strength of the MVA pathway. To determine terpene synthesis capacity, a pathway for the synthesis of pinene was constructed in C. glycerinogenes. Pinene production was improved by overexpression, gene knockdown and antisense RNA inhibition. Pinene production was mainly enhanced by strengthening the upstream MVA pathway and inhibiting the production of by-products from the downstream pathway. With these strategies, yield could be increased by almost 16 times, to 6.0 mg/L. Overall, we successfully constructed a pinene synthesis pathway in C. glycerinogenes and enhanced pinene production through metabolic modification.

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Deletion of lacD gene affected stress tolerance and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2: Xiaowu Jiang , Lexin Zhu , Dongbo Zhan; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(9):948-959. Published online August 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2146-4

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Streptococcus suis type 2 (S. suis type 2, SS2), an infectious pathogen which is zoonotic and can induce severely public health concern. Our previous research identified a newly differential secreted effector of tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase (LacD) mediated by VirD4 factor within the putative type IV secretion system of SS2, whereas the functional basis and roles in virulence of LacD remain elusive. Here in this study, the LacD was found enzymatic and can be activated to express under oxidative stress. Gene mutant and its complemental strain (ΔlacD and cΔlacD) were constructed to analyze the phenotypes, virulence and transcriptomic profiles as compared with the parental strain. The lacD gene deletion showed no effect on growth capability and cells morphology of SS2. However, reduced tolerance to oxidative and heat stress conditions, increased antimicrobial susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and kanamycin were found in ΔlacD strain. Further, the LacD deficiency led to weakened invasion and attenuated virulence since an easier phagocytosed and more prone to be cleared of SS2 in macrophages were shown in ΔlacD mutant. Distinctive transcriptional profiling in ΔlacD strain and typical downregulated genes with significant mRNA changes including alcohol dehydrogenase, GTPase, integrative and conjugative elements, and iron ABC transporters which were mainly involved in cell division, stress response, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence regulation, were examined and confirmed by RNA sequencing and real time qPCR. In summary, the
results
demonstrated for the first time that LacD was a pluripotent protein mediated the metabolic, stress and virulent effect of SS2.

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Review

[MINIREVIEW]Glaciers as microbial habitats: current knowledge and implication: Soyeon Kim , Hanbyul Lee , Soon-Do Hur , Woo Jun Sul , Ok-Sun Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(8):767-779. Published online July 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2275-9

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Glaciers, formed from the gradual accumulation of snow, can be continuous records representing past environments and recognized as a time capsule of our planetary evolution. Due to extremely harsh conditions, glacial ice has long been considered an uninhabitable ecosystem for microorganisms to sustain their life. However, recent developments in microbiological analysis techniques revealed the presence of unexpectedly diverse microbial strains. Glacial microorganisms could also provide valuable information, including not only biological diversity and structure but also molecular systematics, metabolic profiles, and evolutionary changes from the past climate and ecosystem. However, there are several obstacles in investigating the glacier environment, such as low regional accessibility, technical difficulties of ice coring, potential contamination during the sampling process, and low microbial biomass. This review aims to summarize recent knowledge on decontamination methods, biomass, diversity based on culture-dependent and -independent methods, application of biological proxies, greenhouse gas production and adaptive strategies in glaciers from various regions and to imply further directions for a comprehensive understanding of habitatility in an icy world including outer of our planet.

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Sif Marie Holmberg, Niels O. G. Jørgensen
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Alessandro Napoli, Claudia Coleine, Nikea Ulrich, Ralf Moeller, Daniela Billi, Laura Selbmann
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Journal Article

Dynamic colonization of gut microbiota and its influencing factors among the breast-feeding infants during the first two years of life: Ping Li , Xuelian Chang , Xiaoyu Chen , Tiantian Tang , Yajing Liu , Yu Shang , Kemin Qi; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(8):780-794. Published online May 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1641-y

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The maturation of infant gut microbiota has lifelong implications on health, which has been proposed as the major events during the first year of life. However, little is known about their dynamic colonization and influencing elements among the first two-year infancy as well as into the adulthood. So based on the 16S rRNA sequencing data among 30 healthy breast-feeding mother-infant pairs with normal ranges of growth and development indicators from birth to two years old, the dynamic colonization of gut microbiota and its influencing factors were discussed using this birth cohort. Among these, we identified that the diversity of gut microbiota was significantly increased from six-month to two-year subgroups. The significantly dynamic trends of gut microbiota at the phylum (genus) level were that the percents of Firmicutes (Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Enterococcus, Subdoligranulum, Agathobacter, unidentified_Erysipelotrichaceae, Staphylococcus, unidentified_Ruminococcaceae, and Fusicatenibacter), Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were increased, while Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium) and Proteobacteria (unidentified- Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella) were decreased with the increased ages from six months to two years old, which might simultaneously modulate the host pathways, such as the higher percents of chemoheterotrophy and fermentation, and lower percentages of nitrate_reduction, aerobic_chemoheterotrophy and so on. Furthermore, there were significant associations between maternal (milk microbiota, pre-pregnancy BMI, BMI increment during the pregnancy)/infant characteristics (BMI at birth and BMI gain), and the compositions of gut microbiota. However, no differences of gut microbiota were shown between the different sex and productive mode subgroups. Overall, the colonization of gut microbiota is significantly matured into the adulthood with the increased ages to two-years old and regulated by the above maternal/infant characteristics, which will provide a new direction for the host-gut microbiota interplay during the first two years of life.

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Maternal separation during lactation affects recognition memory, emotional behaviors, hippocampus and gut microbiota composition in C57BL6J adolescent female mice
Zuotian Wu, Lin Zhou, Huikang Fu, Yumeng Xie, Limin Sun, Yixin Li, Ling Xiao, Lei Zhang, Ying Su, Gaohua Wang
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Randomized Controlled Trial

A split face study on the effect of an anti-acne product containing fermentation products of Enterococcus faecalis CBT SL-5 on skin microbiome modification and acne improvement: Hye Sung Han , Sun Hye Shin , Bo-Yun Choi , Nayeon Koo , Sanghyun Lim , Dooheon Son , Myung Jun Chung , Kui Young Park , Woo Jun Sul; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(5):488-495. Published online March 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1520-6

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Antibiotic-resistant Cutibacterium acnes and dysbiosis of the skin microbiome are of increasing concern in acne treatment. Enterococcus faecalis, a widely used probiotic, has shown benefits for acne treatment by exerting antimicrobial activity against C. acnes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of an E. faecalis CBT SL-5-extract-containing lotion in patients with mild-to-moderate acne. Twenty patients were enrolled in this randomized, placebo-controlled, split-face comparative study. Patients were treated with E. faecalis lotion on one side of the face and a vehicle lotion on the other side for 4 weeks. The efficacy outcome measures included improvement in the investigators’ assessment of acne severity, patient satisfaction, changes in skin parameters and diversity of the skin microbiome. The investigators’ assessment score was significantly improved on the test side compared to the control side, after 2 weeks (p = 0.009) and 6 weeks (p < 0.0005). However, TEWL and skin hydration were not significantly different between the two groups. The phylogenetic diversity of the skin microbiota decreased over time in the skin samples of test side. In conclusion, E. faecalis CBT SL-5 extract can be a feasible and well-tolerated option for improving acne severity and skin microbiome dysbiosis in mild-to-moderate acne patients.

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Xiaoye Qi, Zhaoying Han, Jie Meng, Hongrui Zhao, Maoyuan Zhou, Meichao Wang, Shengze Kang, Qingying Shi, Hongyan Li, Fuping Lu, Huabing Zhao
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Review

Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2: Chulwoo Kim , Jae-Deog Kim , Sang-Uk Seo; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):335-346. Published online January 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1608-z

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The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has provoked an urgent need for prophylactic measures. Several innovative vaccine platforms have been introduced and billions of vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. To enable the creation of safer and more effective vaccines, additional platforms are under development. These include the use of nanoparticle (NP) and virus-like particle (VLP) technology. NP vaccines utilize self-assembling scaffold structures designed to load the entire spike protein or receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in a trimeric configuration. In contrast, VLP vaccines are genetically modified recombinant viruses that are considered safe, as they are generally replication-defective. Furthermore, VLPs have indigenous immunogenic potential due to their microbial origin. Importantly, NP and VLP vaccines have shown stronger immunogenicity with greater protection by mimicking the physicochemical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. The study of NPand VLP-based coronavirus vaccines will help ensure the development of rapid-response technology against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future coronavirus pandemics.

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Journal Articles

Interaction between hypoviral-regulated fungal virulence factor laccase3 and small heat shock protein Hsp24 from the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica: Jeesun Chun† , Yo-Han Ko† , Dae-Hyuk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):57-62. Published online November 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1498-0

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Laccase3 is an important virulence factor of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Laccase3 gene (lac3) transcription is induced by tannic acid, a group of phenolic compounds found in chestnut trees, and its induction is regulated by the hypovirus CHV1 infection. CpHsp24, a small heat shock protein gene of C. parasitica, plays a determinative role in stress adaptation and pathogen virulence. Having uncovered in our previous study that transcriptional regulation of the CpHsp24 gene in response to tannic acid supplementation and CHV1 infection was similar to that of the lac3, and that conserved phenotypic changes of reduced virulence were observed in mutants of both genes, we inferred that both genes were implicated in a common pathway. Building on this finding, in this paper we examined whether the CpHsp24 protein (CpHSP24) was a molecular chaperone for the lac3 protein (LAC3). Our pull-down experiment indicated that the protein products of the two genes directly interacted with each other. Heterologous co-expression of CpHsp24 and lac3 genes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in more laccase activity in the cotransformant than in a parental lac3-expresssing yeast strain. These findings suggest that CpHSP24 is, in fact, a molecular chaperone for the LAC3, which is critical component of fungal pathogenesis.

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Characteristics and expression of heat shock gene Lghsp17.4 in Lenzites gibbosa, a white rot fungus of wood
Lianrong Feng, Yujie Chi, Jian Zhang, Xuxin Yang, Shuying Han
Journal of Forestry Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hypovirus infection induces proliferation and perturbs functions of mitochondria in the chestnut blight fungus
Jinzi Wang, Rui Quan, Xipu He, Qiang Fu, Shigen Tian, Lijiu Zhao, Shuangcai Li, Liming Shi, Ru Li, Baoshan Chen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities
Markus Müller, Ursula Kües, Katharina B. Budde, Oliver Gailing
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 107(9): 2783. CrossRef

Effects of rehydration on physiological and transcriptional responses of a water-stressed rhizobium: Jie Zhu , Xin Jiang , Dawei Guan , Yaowei Kang , Li Li , Fengming Cao , Baisuo Zhao , Mingchao Ma , Ji Zhao , Jun Li; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):31-46. Published online November 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1325-7

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As a microsymbiont of soybean, Bradyrhizobium japonicum plays an important role in symbiotic nitrogen fixation and sustainable agriculture. However, the survival of B. japonicum cells under water-deplete (e.g., drought) and water-replete (e.g., flood) conditions is a major concern affecting their nitrogen-fixing ability by establishing the symbiotic relationship with the host. In this study, we isolated a water stress tolerant rhizobium from soybean root nodules and tested its survival under water-deplete conditions. The rhizobium was identified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum and named strain 5038. Interestingly, both plate counting and live/dead fluorescence staining assays indicate that a number of viable but non-culturable cells exist in the culture medium upon the rehydration process which could cause dilution stress. Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 cells increased production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and trehalose when dehydrated, suggesting that protective responses were stimulated. As expected, cells reduced their production upon the subsequent rehydration. To examine differential gene expression of B. japonicum 5038 when exposed to water-deplete and subsequent waterreplete conditions, whole-genome transcriptional analysis was performed under 10% relative humidity (RH), and subsequent 100% RH, respectively. A total of 462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, > 2.0-fold) were identified under the 10% RH condition, while 3,776 genes showed differential expression during the subsequent rehydration (100% RH) process. Genes involved in signal transduction, inorganic ion transport, energy production and metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids were far more up-regulated than downregulated in the 10% RH condition. Notably, trehalose biosynthetic genes (otsAB, treS, and treYZ), genes ligD, oprB, and a sigma factor rpoH were significantly induced by 10% RH. Under the subsequent 100% RH condition, genes involved in transcription, translation, cell membrane regulation, replication and repair, and protein processing were highly up-regulated. Interestingly, most of 10%-RH inducible genes displayed rehydration-repressed, except three genes encoding heat shock (Hsp20) proteins. Therefore, this study provides molecular evidence for the switch of gene expression of B. japonicum cells when encountered the opposite water availability from water-deplete to water-replete conditions.

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Microbial survival strategies in desiccated roots of Myrothamnus flabellifolia
Shandry M. Tebele, Rose A. Marks, Jill M. Farrant
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Drought-induced plant microbiome and metabolic enrichments improve drought resistance
Jiayu Li, Hongwei Liu, Juntao Wang, Catriona A. Macdonald, Pankaj Singh, Vu Thanh Cong, Marcus Klein, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Brajesh K. Singh
Cell Host & Microbe.2025; 33(6): 882. CrossRef
Challenges to rhizobial adaptability in a changing climate: Genetic engineering solutions for stress tolerance
Yunjia Zhang, Yee-Shan Ku, Tsz-Yan Cheung, Sau-Shan Cheng, Dawei Xin, Kewin Gombeau, Yizhi Cai, Hon-Ming Lam, Ting-Fung Chan
Microbiological Research.2024; 288: 127886. CrossRef
Plant–Soil Microbial Interaction: Differential Adaptations of Beneficial vs. Pathogenic Bacterial and Fungal Communities to Climate-Induced Drought
Nataliya Loiko, M. Islam
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Huimin Ju, Jian Zhang, Yiyang Zou, Feiyang Xie, Xiaoyu Tang, Si Zhang, Jie Li
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Kun Zhang, Chenyuan Zhai, Yonglong Li, Yan Li, Hui Qu, Yixin Shen
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Profound Change in Soil Microbial Assembly Process and Co-occurrence Pattern in Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 and Bacillus aryabhattai MB35-5 on Soybean
Yubin Zhao, Dawei Guan, Xu Liu, Gui-Feng Gao, Fangang Meng, Bingqiang Liu, Pengfei Xing, Xin Jiang, Mingchao Ma, Fengming Cao, Li Li, Jun Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Genome information of the cellulolytic soil actinobacterium Isoptericola dokdonensis DS-3 and comparative genomic analysis of the genus Isoptericola: Yurim Bae , Sujin Lee , Kitae Kim , Hyun-Kwon Lee , Soon-Kyeong Kwon , Jihyun F. Kim; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1010-1018. Published online November 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1452-6

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The actinobacterial group is regarded as a reservoir of biologically active natural products and hydrolytic enzymes with the potential for biomedical and industrial applications. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Isoptericola dokdonensis DS-3 isolated from soil in Dokdo, small islets in the East Sea of Korea. This actinomycete harbors a large number of genes encoding carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, and its activity to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose into glucose was experimentally evaluated. Since the genus Isoptericola was proposed after reclassification based on phylogenetic analysis, strains of Isoptericola have been continuously isolated from diverse environments and the importance of this genus in the ecosystem has been suggested by recent culturomic or metagenomic studies. The phylogenic relationships of the genus tended to be closer among strains that had been isolated from similar habitats. By analyzing the properties of published genome sequences of seven defined species in the genus, a large number of genes for carbohydrate hydrolysis and utilization, as well as several biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, were identified. Genomic information of I. dokdonensis DS-3 together with comparative analysis of the genomes of Isoptericola provides insights into understanding this actinobacterial group with a potential for industrial applications.

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Genomic analysis of Isoptericola halotolerans SM2308 reveals its potential involved in fucoidan degradation
Yu-Qi Zhang, Qi Yuan, Ji-Qing Liu, Xiao-Chen Liang, Jing-Ping Wang, Wen-Xin Jiang, Ping-Yi Li
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Àngela Vidal-Verdú, Adriel Latorre-Pérez, Javier Pascual, Ruth Mañes-Collado, Aitana Nevot-Terraes, Manuel Porcar
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Yu Duan, Limei Chen, Longxue Ma, Farrukh Raza Amin, Yida Zhai, Guofu Chen, Demao Li
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Agromyces laixinhei sp. nov. isolated from bat feces in China: Yanpeng Cheng , Yibo Bai , Yuyuan Huang , Jing Yang , Shan Lu , Dong Jin , Ji Pu , Han Zheng , Junqin Li , Ying Huang , Suping Wang , Jianguo Xu; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):467-475. Published online March 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0546-5

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Three rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, and catalase-positive, phenotypically closely related isolates (HY052T, HY050, and HY045) were obtained from fecal samples collected from bats in Guangxi province and Chongqing city of China. Circular, smooth, light-yellow colonies appeared on brain heart infusion plate after 24–48 h incubation at 28°C. The optimal pH for growth was between 6.0 and 7.5. Based on 16S rRNA, the three isolates were phylogenetically related to Agromyces terreus DS-10T, Agromyces aureus AR33T, Agromyces salentinus 20-5T, Agromyces allii UMS-62T, Agromyces lapidis CD55T, and Agromyces italicus CD1T. Moreover, based on 296 core genes, the phylogenomic tree indicated that the three isolates clustered together, closest to Agromyces cerinus VKM Ac- 1340T and Agromyces fucosus VKM Ac-1345T but separated distantly from other Agromyces species. The average nucleotide identity values between strain HY052T and other Agromyces species ranged from 79.3% to 87.9%, lower than the 95–96% threshold. Furthermore, the genome of strain HY052T contains a circular chromosome of 3,437,203 bp with G + C content of 69.0 mol%. Main fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and unidentified glycolipids. Rhamnose, ribose, and glucose were the primary cell wall sugars. The major peptidoglycan amino acids included alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. An additional remarkable difference from other Agromyces species is that MK-12 was the sole menaquinone in strain HY052T. Based on results from the polyphasic characterizations performed in this study, our isolates are proposed to be members of a novel species in genus Agromyces, named Agromyces laixinhei. The type strain is HY052T (= CGMCC 1.17175T = JCM 33695T).

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Aharon Oren, Markus Göker
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Agromyces archimandritae sp. nov., isolated from the cockroach Archimandrita tessellata
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The Threat of Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in the Feces of Bats
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Systematic and Applied Microbiology.2022; 45(2): 126294. CrossRef
Phenotypic and genomic characteristics of Brevibacterium zhoupengii sp. nov., a novel halotolerant actinomycete isolated from bat feces
Yuyuan Huang, Lingzhi Dong, Jian Gong, Jing Yang, Shan Lu, Xin-He Lai, Dong Jin, Qianni Huang, Ji Pu, Liyun Liu, Jianguo Xu
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(10): 977. CrossRef

Review

Rediscovery of antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents: Minkyung Ryu , Jaeyeong Park , Ji-Hyun Yeom , Minju Joo , Kangseok Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):113-123. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0649-z

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Abstract PDF

In recent years, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is increasing rapidly. There is growing concern as the development of antibiotics is slower than the increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. Despite their name, which implies their antimicrobial activity, AMPs have recently been rediscovered as compounds having antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and insecticidal effects. Moreover, many AMPs are relatively safe from toxic side effects and the generation of resistant microorganisms due to their target specificity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying their action. In this review, we summarize the history, classification, and mechanisms of action of AMPs, and provide descriptions of AMPs undergoing clinical trials. We also discuss the obstacles associated with the development of AMPs as therapeutic agents and recent strategies formulated to circumvent these obstacles.

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Journal Articles

Description of Vagococcus coleopterorum sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the diving beetle, Cybister lewisianus, and Vagococcus hydrophili sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the dark diving beetle, Hydrophilus acuminatus, and emended description of the genus Vagococcus: Dong-Wook Hyun , Euon Jung Tak , Pil Soo Kim , Jin-Woo Bae; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):132-141. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0485-1

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A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize two novel bacterial strains, HDW17AT and HDW17BT, isolated from the intestine of the diving beetle Cybister lewisianus, and the dark diving beetle Hydrophilus acuminatus, respectively. Both strains were Gram-positive and facultative anaerobic cocci forming cream-colored colonies. The isolates grew optimally at 25°C, pH 7, in the presence of 0.3% (wt/vol) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences showed that the isolates were members of the genus Vagococcus, and strain HDW17AT was closely related to Vagococcus fessus CCUG 41755T (98.9% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 74.3% of average nucleotide identity [ANI]), whereas strain HDW17BT was closely related to Vagococcus fluvialis NCFB 2497T (98.9% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 76.6% of ANI). Both strains contained C16:0, and C18:1 ω9c as the major cellular fatty acids, but C16:1 ω9c was also observed only in strain HDW17BT as the major cellular fatty acid. The respiratory quinone of the isolates was MK-7. The major polar lipid components were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G + C content of strains HDW17AT and HDW17BT were 36.6 and 34.4%, respectively. Both strains had cell wall peptidoglycan composed of the amino acids L-alanine, glycine, D-glutamic acid, L-tryptophan, L-lysine, and L-aspartic acid, and the sugars ribose, glucose, and galactose. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, strains HDW17AT and HDW17BT represent two novel species in the genus Vagococcus. We propose the name Vagococcus coleopterorum sp. nov. for strain HDW17AT (= KACC 21348T = KCTC 49324T = JCM 33674T) and the name Vagococcus hydrophili sp. nov. for strain HDW17BT (= KACC 21349T = KCTC 49325T = JCM 33675T).

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Vagococcus proximus sp. nov. and Vagococcus intermedius sp. nov., originating from modified atmosphere packaged broiler meat
Per Johansson, Elina Jääskeläinen, Elina Säde, Johanna Björkroth
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A case of Vagococcus fluvialis isolated from the bile of a patient with calculous cholecystitis
Dan Zhang, Xiaosu Wang, Jingdan Yu, Zheng Dai, Qichao Li, Litao Zhang
BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Vagococcus luciliae sp. nov., isolated from the common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata
Juan Guzman, Anja Poehlein, Rolf Daniel, Peter Kämpfer, Andreas Vilcinskas
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM. Validation List no. 203
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of different doses of electron beam irradiation on bacterial community of Portunus trituberculatus
Huijuan Pan, Qi Yu, Chenru Qian, Haitao Shao, Jiajun Han, Yongyong Li, Yongjiang Lou
Food Bioscience.2021; 42: 101198. CrossRef
Description of Nocardioides piscis sp. nov., Sphingomonas piscis sp. nov. and Sphingomonas sinipercae sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of fish species Odontobutis interrupta (Korean spotted sleeper) and Siniperca scherzeri (leopard mandarin fish)
Dong-Wook Hyun, Yun-Seok Jeong, Jae-Yun Lee, Hojun Sung, So-Yeon Lee, Jee-Won Choi, Hyun Sik Kim, Pil Soo Kim, Jin-Woo Bae
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(6): 552. CrossRef

Extracellular products-mediated interspecific interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli: Yang Yuan , Jing Li , Jiafu Lin , Wenjuan Pan , Yiwen Chu , Balakrishnan Prithiviraj , Yidong Guo , Xinrong Wang , Kelei Zhao; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):29-40. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0478-0

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The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa adopts several elaborate strategies to colonize a wide range of natural or clinical niches and to overcome the neighboring bacterial competitors in polymicrobial communities. However, the relationship and interaction mechanism of P. aeruginosa with other bacterial pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here we explore the interaction dynamics of P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, which frequently coinfect the lungs of immunocompromised hosts, by using a series of on-plate proximity assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the extracellular products of P. aeruginosa can inhibit the growth of neighboring E. coli and induce a large-scale of transcriptional reprogramming of E. coli, especially in terms of cellular respiration- related primary metabolisms and membrane components. In contrast, the presence of E. coli has no significant effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa in short-term culture, but causes a dysregulated expression of genes positively controlled by the quorum-sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa during subsequent pairwise culture. We further demonstrate that the divergent QS-regulation of P. aeruginosa may be related to the function of the transcriptional regulator PqsR, which can be enhanced by E. coli culture supernatant to increase the pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa in the absence of the central las-QS system. Moreover, the extracellular products of E. coli promote the proliferation and lethality of P. aeruginosa in infecting the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The current study provides a general characterization of the extracellular products-mediated interactions between P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and may facilitate the understanding of polymicrobial infections.

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Pigments from pathogenic bacteria: a comprehensive update on recent advances
Kusumita Acharya, Swarna Shaw, Sudipta Paul Bhattacharya, Shatarupa Biswas, Suman Bhandary, Arijit Bhattacharya
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Selective detection of two bacterial species in a single collision system targeting metabolic products
Jun Lin, Qingwen Wang, Huike Tian, Qing Xin, Dong Zhang
Microchemical Journal.2024; 206: 111572. CrossRef
Effect of the Type VI Secretion System Secreted Protein Hcp on the Virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida
Hongyan Cai, Jiaying Yu, Ying Qiao, Ying Ma, Jiang Zheng, Mao Lin, Qingpi Yan, Lixing Huang
Microorganisms.2022; 10(12): 2307. CrossRef

Characterization of the effects of terminators and introns on recombinant gene expression in the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora: Dong Xuan Nguyen , Emi Nishisaka , Moriyuki Kawauchi , Takehito Nakazawa , Masahiro Sakamoto , Yoichi Honda; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):1037-1045. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0213-2

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Terminators and introns are vital regulators of gene expression in many eukaryotes; however, the functional importance of these elements for controlling gene expression in Agaricomycetes remains unclear. In this study, the effects of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora terminators and introns on the expression of a recombinant hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hph) were characterized. Using a transient transformation system, we proved that a highly active terminator (e.g., the gpd terminator) is required for the efficient expression of the hph gene. Mutational analyses of the C. subvermispora gpd terminator revealed that hph expression was dictated by an A-rich region, which included a putative positioning element, and polyadenylation sites. In contrast, our results indicated that introns are not required for the expression of hph directed by the Csβ1-tub and Csgpd promoters in C. subvermispora. This study provides insights into the functions and cis-element requirements of transcriptional terminators in Agaricomycetes, which may be relevant for designing recombinant genes for this important fungal class.

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Development of a 2A peptide-based multigene expression system and its application for enhanced production of ganoderic acids in Ganoderma lucidum
Qiong Wang, Hong-Jun Liu, Yan Xu, Zi-Xu Wang, Bin Sun, Jun-Wei Xu
Journal of Biotechnology.2024; 393: 109. CrossRef
CRISPR/Cas9 using a transient transformation system in Ceriporiopsis subvermispora
Takehito Nakazawa, Chikako Inoue, Dong Xuan Nguyen, Moriyuki Kawauchi, Masahiro Sakamoto, Yoichi Honda
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2022; 106(17): 5575. CrossRef
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Dong Xuan Nguyen, Takehito Nakazawa, Genki Myo, Chikako Inoue, Moriyuki Kawauchi, Masahiro Sakamoto, Yoichi Honda
Journal of Microbiological Methods.2020; 179: 106053. CrossRef

Ciceribacter ferrooxidans sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium isolated from ferrous ion-rich sediment: Tongchu Deng , Youfen Qian , Xingjuan Chen , Xunan Yang , Jun Guo , Guoping Sun , Meiying Xu; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):350-356. Published online April 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9471-2

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A nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterial strain, F8825T, was isolated from the Fe(II)-rich sediment of an urban creek in Pearl River Delta, China. The strain was Gram-negative, facultative chemolithotrophic, facultative anaerobic, nonspore- forming, and rod-shaped with a single flagellum. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that it belongs to the genus Ciceribacter and is most closely related to C. lividus MSSRFBL1T (99.4%), followed by C. thiooxidans F43bT (98.8%) and C. azotifigens A.slu09T (98.0%). Fatty acid, polar lipid, respiratory quinone, and DNA G + C content analyses supported its classification in the genus Ciceribacter. Multilocus sequence analysis of concatenated 16S rRNA, atpD, glnII, gyrB, recA, and thrC suggested that the isolate was a novel species. DNA–DNA hybridization and genome sequence comparisons (90.88 and 89.86%, for values of ANIm and ANIb between strains F8825T with MSSRFBL1T, respectively) confirmed that strain F8825T was a novel species, different from C. lividus MSSRFBL1T, C. thiooxidans F43bT, and C. azotifigens A.slu09T. The physiological and biochemical properties of the strain, such as carbon source utilization, nitrate reduction, and ferrous ion oxidation, further supported that this is a novel species. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic results, strain F8825T was identified as a novel species in the genus Ciceribacter, for which the name Ciceribacter ferrooxidans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F8825T (= CCTCC AB 2018196T = KCTC 62948T).

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Characteristics of the gut microbiota colonization, inflammatory profile, and plasma metabolome in intrauterine growth restricted piglets during the first 12 hours after birth: Shimeng Huang , Na Li , Cong Liu , Tiantian Li , Wei Wang , Lili Jiang , Zhen Li , Dandan Han , Shiyu Tao , Junjun Wang; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(9):748-758. Published online June 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8690-x

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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes newborns to inflammatory and metabolic disturbance. Disequilibrium of gut microbiota in early life has been implicated in the incidence of inflammation and metabolic diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the difference in gut microbiota colonization, cytokines and plasma metabolome between IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets in early life. At birth, reduced (P < 0.05) body, jejunum, and ileum weights, as well as decreased (P < 0.05) small intestinal villi and increased (P < 0.05) ileal crypt depth were observed in IUGR piglets compared with their NBW counterparts. Imbalanced inflammatory and plasma metabolome profile was observed in IUGR piglets. Furthermore, altered metabolites were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory response. At 12 h after birth and after suckling colostrum, reduced (P < 0.05) postnatal growth and the small intestinal maturation retardation (P < 0.05) continued in IUGR piglets in comparison with those in NBW littermates. Besides, the gut microbiota structure was significantly altered by IUGR. Importantly, the disruption of the inflammatory profile and metabolic status mainly involved the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ) and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, spearman correlation analysis showed that the increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and decreased abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in IUGR piglets was closely associated with the alterations of slaughter weight, intestinal morphology, inflammatory cytokines, and plasma metabolites. Collectively, IUGR significantly impairs small intestine structure, modifies gut microbiota colonization, and disturbs inflammatory and metabolic profiles during the first 12 h after birth. The unbalanced gut microbiota mediated by IUGR contributes to the development of inflammation and metabolic diseases.

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Gastrointestinal microbiota alteration induced by Mucor circinelloides in a murine model: Katherine D. Mueller , Hao Zhang , Christian R. Serrano , R. Blake Billmyre , Eun Young Huh , Philipp Wiemann , Nancy P. Keller , Yufeng Wang , Joseph Heitman , Soo Chan Lee; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(6):509-520. Published online May 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8682-x

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Abstract PDF

Mucor circinelloides is a pathogenic fungus and etiologic agent of mucormycosis. In 2013, cases of gastrointestinal illness after yogurt consumption were reported to the US FDA, and the producer found that its products were contaminated with Mucor. A previous study found that the Mucor strain isolated from an open contaminated yogurt exhibited virulence in a murine systemic infection model and showed that this strain is capable of surviving passage through the gastrointestinal tract of mice. In this study, we isolated another Mucor strain from an unopened yogurt that is closely related but distinct from the first Mucor strain and subsequently examined if Mucor alters the gut microbiota in a murine host model. DNA extracted from a ten-day course of stool samples was used to analyze the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice exposed via ingestion of Mucor spores. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 sequences obtained were used to identify taxa of each kingdom. Linear regressions revealed that there are changes in bacterial and fungal abundance in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice which ingested Mucor. Furthermore, we found an increased abundance of the bacterial genus Bacteroides and a decreased abundance of the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila in the gastrointestinal tracts of exposed mice. Measurements of abundances show shifts in relative levels of multiple bacterial and fungal taxa between mouse groups. These findings suggest that exposure of the gastrointestinal tract to Mucor can alter the microbiota and, more importantly, illustrate an interaction between the intestinal mycobiota and bacteriota. In addition, Mucor was able to induce increased permeability in epithelial cell monolayers in vitro, which might be indicative of unstable intestinal barriers. Understanding how the gut microbiota is shaped is important to understand the basis of potential methods of treatment for gastrointestinal illness. How the gut microbiota changes in response to exposure, even by pathogens not considered to be causative agents of food-borne illness, may be important to how commercial food producers prevent and respond to contamination of products aimed at the public. This study provides evidence that the fungal microbiota, though understudied, may play an important role in diseases of the human gut.

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Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota in distinct statin response patients in East China: Baoqing Sun , Luming Li , Xinfu Zhou; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(12):886-892. Published online November 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8152-x

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Abstract PDF

Statin response shows great interindividual variations. Recently, emerging studies have shown that gut microbiota is linked to therapeutic responses to drugs, including statins. However, the association between the gut bacteria composition and statin response is still unclear. In this study, gut microbiota of 202 hyperlipidemic patients with statin sensitive (SS) response and statin resistant (SR) response in East China were investigated by high throughput sequencing to compare the gut bacteria composition and biodiversity in distinct statin response patients. Higher biodiversity was detected in Group SS than Group SR. Specifically, group SS showed significantly increased proportion of genera Lactobacillus (P = 0.001), Eubacterium (P = 0.004), Faecalibacterium (P = 0.005), and Bifidobacterium (P = 0.002) and decreased proportion of genus Clostridium (P = 0.001) compared to Group SR. The results indicated that higher gut biodiversity was associated with statin sensitive response. The increased genera Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and decreased genus Clostridium in patient gut microbiota may predict patient's statin response, and hence may guide statin dosage adjustments.

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Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome analysis of Rubritalea profundi SAORIC-165T, the first deep-sea verrucomicrobial isolate, from the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Jaeho Song, Ilnam Kang, Yochan Joung, Susumu Yoshizawa, Ryo Kaneko, Kenshiro Oshima, Masahira Hattori, Koji Hamasaki, Kazuhiro Kogure, Soochan Kim, Kangseok Lee, Jang-Cheon Cho
Journal of Microbiology.2019; 57(5): 413. CrossRef

Rotavirus-mediated alteration of gut microbiota and its correlation with physiological characteristics in neonatal calves: Ja-Young Jang , Suhee Kim , Min-Sung Kwon , Jieun Lee , Do-Hyeon Yu , Ru-Hui Song , Hak-Jong Choi , Jinho Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(2):113-121. Published online November 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8549-1

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Abstract PDF

Diarrhea is a fatal disease to neonatal calves, and rotavirus is the main pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. Although previous studies have reported that the gut microbiota is changed in calves during diarrhea, less is known about whether rotavirus infection alters the structure of the gut microbiota. Here, we characterized fecal microbial communities and identified possible relationships between the gut microbiota profiles and physiological parameters. Five fecal specimens of rotavirus-infected calves from 1 to 30 days after birth and five fecal specimens of age-matched healthy calves were used for the microbial community analysis using the Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Rotavirus infection was associated with reduced rotavirus infection significantly reduced the richness and diversity of the bacterial community. Weighted unique fraction metric analysis exhibited significant differences in community membership and structure between healthy and rotavirus-infected calves. Based on relative abundance analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size, we found that the representative genera from Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, Blautia, and Bacteroides were closely related to healthy calves, while the genera Escherichia and Clostridium were closely affiliated to rotavirus-infected calves. Furthermore, canonical correlation analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient results revealed that the increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Bacteroides were correlated with normal levels of physiological characteristics such as white blood cells, blood urea nitrogen, serum amyloid protein A, and glucose concentration in serum. These
results
suggest that rotavirus infection alters the structure of the gut microbiota, correlating changes in physiological

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Reviews

[MINIREVIEW] Modulation of gut microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pro-, pre-, syn-, and antibiotics: Min Seok Cho , Sang Yeol Kim , Ki Tae Suk , Byung-Yong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(12):855-867. Published online October 25, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8346-2

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Abstract PDF

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common types of liver diseases worldwide and its incidence continues to increase. NAFLD occurs when the body can no longer effectively store excess energy in the adipose tissue. Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, making lifestyle changes, including increased exercise, is often an elusive goal for patients with NAFLD. The liver directly connects to the gut-gastrointestinal milieu via the portal vein, which are all part of the gut-liver axis. Therefore, the gut-microbiome and microbial products have been actively studied as likely key factors in NAFLD pathophysiology. Hence, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and therapeutic manipulation of the gut-liver axis are being investigated. Novel therapeutic approaches for modulating gut microbiota through the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics have been proposed with numerous promising initial reports on the effectiveness and clinical applications of these approaches. This review delves into the current evidence on novel therapies that modulate gut microbiota and discusses ongoing clinical trials targeting the gut-liver axis for the management and prevention of NAFLD.

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[MINIREVIEW] Probiotics in human health and disease: from nutribiotics to pharmabiotics: Eun-Sook Lee , Eun-Ji Song , Young-Do Nam , So-Young Lee; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(11):773-782. Published online October 24, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8293-y

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Abstract PDF

Probiotics are the most useful tools for balancing the gut microbiota and thereby influencing human health and disease. Probiotics have a range of effects, from those on nutritional status to medical conditions throughout the body from the gut to non-intestinal body sites such as the brain and skin. Research interest in probiotics with nutritive claims (categorized as nutribiotics) has evolved into interest in therapeutic and pharmacological probiotics with health claims (pharmabiotics). The concept of pharmabiotics emerged only two decades ago, and the new categorization of probiotics to nutribiotics and pharmabiotics was recently suggested, which are under the different regulation depending on that they are food or drug. Information of the gut microbiome has been continuously accumulating, which will make possible the gut microbiome-based healthcare in the future, when nutribiotics show potential for maintaining health while pharmabiotics are effective therapeutic tools for human diseases. This review describes the current understanding in the conceptualization and classification of probiotics. Here, we reviewed probiotics as nutribiotics with nutritional functions and pharmabiotics with pharmaceutic functions in different diseases.

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[MINIREVIEW] Progress of analytical tools and techniques for human gut microbiome research: Eun-Ji Song , Eun-Sook Lee , Young-Do Nam; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(10):693-705. Published online September 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8238-5

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Abstract PDF

Massive DNA sequencing studies have expanded our insights and understanding of the ecological and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome. Advanced sequencing technologies allow us to understand the close association of the gut microbiome with human health and critical illnesses. In the future, analyses of the gut microbiome will provide key information associating with human individual health, which will help provide personalized health care for diseases. Numerous molecular biological analysis tools have been rapidly developed and employed for the gut microbiome researches; however, methodological differences among researchers lead to inconsistent data, limiting extensive share of data. It is therefore very essential to standardize the current
method
ologies and establish appropriate pipelines for human gut microbiome research. Herein, we review the methods and procedures currently available for studying the human gut microbiome, including fecal sample collection, metagenomic DNA extraction, massive DNA sequencing, and data analyses with bioinformatics. We believe that this review will contribute to the progress of gut microbiome research in the clinical and practical aspects of human health.

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[MINIREVIEW] New perspectives of Lactobacillus plantarum as a probiotic: The gut-heart-brain axis: Yen-Wenn Liu , Min-Tze Liong , Ying-Chieh Tsai; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(9):601-613. Published online August 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8079-2

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Abstract PDF

Lactobacillus plantarum is a non-gas-producing lactic acid bacterium that is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) with Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status. Although traditionally used for dairy, meat and vegetable fermentation, L. plantarum is gaining increasing significance as a probiotic. With the newly acclaimed gut-heart-brain axis, strains of L. plantarum have proven to be a valuable species for the development of probiotics, with various beneficial effects on gut health, metabolic disorders and brain health. In this review, the classification and taxonomy, and the relation of these with safety aspects are introduced. Characteristics of L. plantarum to fulfill the criteria as a probiotic are discussed. Emphasis are also given to the beneficial functions of L. plantarum in gut disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndromes, dyslipidemia, hypercholesteromia, obesity, and diabetes, and brain health aspects involving psychological disorders.

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Journal Articles

Cultivable butyrate-producing bacteria of elderly Japanese diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease: Thi Thuy Tien Nguyen , Yuta Fujimura , Iyo Mimura , Yusuke Fujii , Ngoc Luong Nguyen , Kensuke Arakawa , Hidetoshi Morita; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(10):760-771. Published online August 22, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8297-7

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Abstract PDF

The group of butyrate-producing bacteria within the human gut microbiome may be associated with positive effects on memory improvement, according to previous studies on dementia- associated diseases. Here, fecal samples of four elderly Japanese diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were used to isolate butyrate-producing bacteria. 226 isolates were randomly picked, their 16S rRNA genes were sequenced, and assigned into sixty OTUs (operational taxonomic units) based on BLASTn results. Four isolates with less than 97% homology to known sequences were considered as unique OTUs of potentially butyrate-producing bacteria. In addition, 12 potential butyrate-producing isolates were selected from the remaining 56 OTUs based on scan-searching against the PubMed and the ScienceDirect databases. Those belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and to the clostridial clusters I, IV, XI, XV, XIVa within the phylum Firmicutes. 15 out of the 16 isolates were indeed able to produce butyrate in culture as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Furthermore, encoding genes for butyrate formation in these bacteria were identified by sequencing of degenerately primed PCR products and included the genes for butyrate kinase (buk), butyryl-CoA: acetate CoAtransferase (but), CoA-transferase-related, and propionate CoA-transferase. The results showed that eight isolates possessed buk, while five isolates possessed but. The CoA-transfer- related gene was identified as butyryl-CoA:4-hydroxybutyrate CoA transferase (4-hbt) in four strains. No strains contained the propionate CoA-transferase gene. The biochemical and butyrate-producing pathways analyses of butyrate producers presented in this study may help to characterize the butyrate-producing bacterial community in the gut of AD patients.

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Core gut microbiota in Jinhua pigs and its correlation with strain, farm and weaning age: Hua Yang , Yingping Xiao , Junjun Wang , Yun Xiang , Yujie Gong , Xueting Wen , Defa Li; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(5):346-355. Published online May 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7486-8

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Abstract PDF

Gut microbial diversity and the core microbiota of the Jinhua pig, which is a traditional, slow-growing Chinese breed with a high body-fat content, were examined from a total of 105 fecal samples collected from 6 groups of pigs at 3 weaning ages that originated from 2 strains and were raised on 3 different pig farms. The bacterial community was analyzed following high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and the fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatograph. Our results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, and Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, SMB53, and Bifidobacterium were the most abundant genera. Fifteen predominant genera present in every Jinhua pig sample constituted a phylogenetic core microbiota and included the probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and the SCFAproducing bacteria Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus. Comparisons of the microbiota compositions and SCFA concentrations across the 6 groups of pigs demonstrated that genetic background and weaning age affected the structure of the gut microbiota more significantly than the farm. The relative abundance of the core genera in the pigs, including Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus varied dramatically in pigs among the 2 origins and 3 weaning ages, while Oscillospira, Megasphaera, Parabacteroides, and Corynebacterium differed among pigs from different farms. Interestingly, there was a more significant influence of strain and weaning age than of rearing farm on the SCFA concentrations. Therefore, strain and weaning age appear to be the more important factors shaping the intestinal microbiome of pigs.

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Review

REVIEW] Current understanding of microbiota- and dietary-therapies for treating inflammatory bowel disease: Taekil Eom , Yong Sung Kim , Chang Hwan Choi , Michael J. Sadowsky , Tatsuya Unno; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(3):189-198. Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8049-8

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Abstract PDF

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a result of chronic inflammation caused, in some part, by dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, mainly commensal bacteria. Gut dysbiosis can be caused by multiple factors, including abnormal immune responses which might be related to genetic susceptibility, infection, western dietary habits, and administration of antibiotics. Consequently, the disease itself is characterized as having multiple causes, etiologies, and severities. Recent studies have identified > 200 IBD risk loci in the host. It has been postulated that gut microbiota interact with these risk loci
result
ing in dysbiosis, and this subsequently leads to the development of IBD. Typical gut microbiota in IBD patients are characterized with decrease in species richness and many of the commensal, and beneficial, fecal bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and an increase or bloom of Proteobacteria. However, at this time, cause and effect relationships have not been rigorously established. While treatments of IBD usually includes medications such as corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates, antibiotics, immunomodulators, and anti- TNF agents, restoration of gut dysbiosis seems to be a safer and more sustainable approach. Bacteriotherapies (now called microbiota therapies) and dietary interventions are effective way to modulate gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize factors involved in IBD and studies attempted to treat IBD with probiotics. We also discuss the potential use of microbiota therapies as one promising approach in treating IBD. As therapies based on the modulation of gut microbiota becomes more common, future studies should include individual gut microbiota differences to develop personalized therapy for IBD.

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Molecular Nutrition & Food Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of 2′-Fucosyllactose on Gut Microbiota Composition in Adults with Chronic Gastrointestinal Conditions: Batch Culture Fermentation Model and Pilot Clinical Trial Findings
Jennifer Joan Ryan, Andrea Monteagudo-Mera, Nikhat Contractor, Glenn R. Gibson
Nutrients.2021; 13(3): 938. CrossRef
Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Treatment and Surgical Intervention on Endothelial Glycocalyx, Peripheral and Coronary Microcirculatory Function and Myocardial Deformation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Two-Arms Two-Stage Clinical Trial
Charilaos Triantafyllou, Maria Nikolaou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Giorgos Bamias, Dimitrios Kouretas, Ioanna Andreadou, Maria Tsoumani, John Thymis, Ioannis Papaconstantinou
Diagnostics.2021; 11(6): 993. CrossRef
Bacteria-Based Microdevices for the Oral Delivery of Macromolecules
Zhenping Cao, Sisi Lin, Jinyao Liu
Pharmaceutics.2021; 13(10): 1610. CrossRef
EEG Changes Related to Gut Dysbiosis in Diabetes—Review
Roxana Toderean, Mihai Dimian, Claudiu Cobuz
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(24): 11871. CrossRef
The Combined Beneficial Effects of Postbiotic Butyrate on Active Vitamin D3-Orchestrated Innate Immunity to Salmonella Colitis
Fu-Chen Huang, Shun-Chen Huang
Biomedicines.2021; 9(10): 1296. CrossRef
Protective Effects of Shrimp Peptide on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice
Xingwei Xiang, Qihong Jiang, Wan Shao, Jinhong Li, Yufang Zhou, Lin Chen, Shanggui Deng, Bin Zheng, Yufeng Chen
Frontiers in Nutrition.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Polymerization‐Mediated Multifunctionalization of Living Cells for Enhanced Cell‐Based Therapy
Chao Pan, Juanjuan Li, Weiliang Hou, Sisi Lin, Lu Wang, Yan Pang, Yufeng Wang, Jinyao Liu
Advanced Materials.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
High Red Meat Intake Exacerbates Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Altering Gut Microbiota in Mice
Dan-ping Li, Min Cui, Fang Tan, Xiao-yan Liu, Ping Yao
Frontiers in Nutrition.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium induced inflammatory bowel diseases in mice
Zili Lei, Yanhong Yang, Shaomin Liu, Yuting Lei, Lanxiang Yang, Xueying Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Huijuan Wu, Changyuan Yang, Jiao Guo
Bioorganic Chemistry.2020; 100: 103915. CrossRef
Manipulating resident microbiota to enhance regulatory immune function to treat inflammatory bowel diseases
Yoshiyuki Mishima, Ryan Balfour Sartor
Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 55(1): 4. CrossRef
Saikosaponin-d ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by suppressing NF-κB activation and modulating the gut microbiota in mice
Puze Li, Minna Wu, Wancheng Xiong, Jinsong Li, Yunying An, Jie Ren, Yingguang Xie, Hongfei Xue, Dong Yan, Min Li, Genshen Zhong
International Immunopharmacology.2020; 81: 106288. CrossRef
Exosomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Have We Learned So Far?
Haichao Wang, Chen Ye, Yaling Wu, Pengyu Yang, Chunqiu Chen, Zhanju Liu, Xiaolei Wang
Current Drug Targets.2020; 21(14): 1448. CrossRef
Aqueous extract of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza leaves protects against dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in mice via suppressing NF-κB activation and modulating intestinal microbiota
Jin-Fen Chen, Dan-Dan Luo, Yin-Si Lin, Yu-Hong Liu, Jia-Zhen Wu, Xiao-Qing Yi, Yan Wu, Qian Zhang, Chang-Jun Gao, Jian Cai, Zi-Ren Su
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2020; 251: 112554. CrossRef
The Link between Oral and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and a Synopsis of Potential Salivary Biomarkers
Allison Bartlett, Robert G. Gullickson, Rajan Singh, Seungil Ro, Stanley T. Omaye
Applied Sciences.2020; 10(18): 6421. CrossRef
Yogurt enriched to correct intestinal microflora in dysbiosis
V Yu Kontareva, S N Belik, E V Morgul, I F Gorlov, M I Slozhenkina
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.2020; 548(8): 082051. CrossRef
Predicting Microbe-Disease Association by Learning Graph Representations and Rule-Based Inference on the Heterogeneous Network
Xiujuan Lei, Yueyue Wang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Consumption of a baked corn and bean snack reduced chronic colitis inflammation in CD-1 mice via downregulation of IL-1 receptor, TLR, and TNF-α associated pathways
Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo, Rocio Campos-Vega, Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia, Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
Food Research International.2020; 132: 109097. CrossRef
The role of a plant-based diet in the pathogenesis, etiology and management of the inflammatory bowel diseases
Charlene S. J. Grosse, Claus T. Christophersen, Amanda Devine, Ian C. Lawrance
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020; 14(3): 137. CrossRef
Therapeutic effect of n-butanol fraction of Huang-lian-Jie-du Decoction on ulcerative colitis and its regulation on intestinal flora in colitis mice
Ziwen Yuan, Lihong Yang, Xiaosong Zhang, Peng Ji, Yanming Wei
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2020; 121: 109638. CrossRef
Anti-inflammatory activity of grapefruit juice in an in vivo model of ulcerative colitis: Comparability studies of unprocessed and bioprocessed juices
Carla Mendes, João Rocha, Rosa Direito, Adelaide Fernandes, Bruno Sepodes, Maria-Eduardo Figueira, Maria H. Ribeiro
Journal of Functional Foods.2019; 63: 103564. CrossRef
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Ameliorates Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via Regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways and Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function
Ziwen Yuan, Lihong Yang, Xiaosong Zhang, Peng Ji, Yongli Hua, Yanming Wei
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
Ioanna Aggeletopoulou, Christos Konstantakis, Stelios F. Assimakopoulos, Christos Triantos
Microbial Pathogenesis.2019; 137: 103774. CrossRef
Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
Jose M. Comeche, Iris Comino, Cesare Altavilla, Jose Tuells, Ana Gutierrez-Hervas, Pablo Caballero
Nutrients.2019; 11(12): 2865. CrossRef
Neue medikamentöse Ansätze bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
S. Pröbsting, B. Terjung
coloproctology.2019; 41(1): 5. CrossRef
Crohn’s Disease Remission with a Plant-Based Diet: A Case Report
Kelsea Sandefur, Hana Kahleova, Alan N. Desmond, Eden Elfrink, Neal D. Barnard
Nutrients.2019; 11(6): 1385. CrossRef
Intestinal Sensing by Gut Microbiota: Targeting Gut Peptides
Mihai Covasa, Richard W. Stephens, Roxana Toderean, Claudiu Cobuz
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Jose M. Comeche, Pablo Caballero, Ana Gutierrez-Hervas, Sofia García-Sanjuan, Iris Comino, Cesare Altavilla, Jose Tuells
Nutrients.2019; 11(11): 2657. CrossRef
Endothelial and Cardiac Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Does Treatment Modify the Inflammatory Load on Arterial and Cardiac Structure and Function?
Charilaos Triantafyllou, Maria Nikolaou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Giorgos Bamias, Ioannis Papaconstantinou
Current Vascular Pharmacology.2019; 18(1): 27. CrossRef
Exosome-Induced Regulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Huiting Zhang, Liang Wang, Changyi Li, Yue Yu, Yanlin Yi, Jingyu Wang, Dapeng Chen
Frontiers in Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Biointerfacial self-assembly generates lipid membrane coated bacteria for enhanced oral delivery and treatment
Zhenping Cao, Xinyue Wang, Yan Pang, Shanshan Cheng, Jinyao Liu
Nature Communications.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Phloretin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by regulating the gut microbiota
Minna Wu, Puze Li, Yunying An, Jie Ren, Dong Yan, Jiazeng Cui, Duan Li, Min Li, Mingyong Wang, Genshen Zhong
Pharmacological Research.2019; 150: 104489. CrossRef
Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Indirectly Induce IL-22 but Not IFNγ Production From Human Colonic ILC3s via Multiple Mechanisms
Moriah J. Castleman, Stephanie M. Dillon, Christine M. Purba, Andrew C. Cogswell, Jon J. Kibbie, Martin D. McCarter, Mario L. Santiago, Edward Barker, Cara C. Wilson
Frontiers in Immunology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Ursodeoxycholic acid: a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel diseases?
Stephen J. Keely, Clifford J. Steer, Natalia K. Lajczak-McGinley
American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology.2019; 317(6): G872. CrossRef
Probiotics: If It Does Not Help It Does Not Do Any Harm. Really?
Aaron Lerner, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Torsten Matthias
Microorganisms.2019; 7(4): 104. CrossRef
Linking the gut and liver: crosstalk between regulatory T cells and mucosa-associated invariant T cells
Muhammad Atif, Suz Warner, Ye H. Oo
Hepatology International.2018; 12(4): 305. CrossRef
Gut microbiomes and their metabolites shape human and animal health
Woojun Park
Journal of Microbiology.2018; 56(3): 151. CrossRef
Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation Favorably Affects Vascular Function and Reduces Arterial Stiffness in Obese Postmenopausal Women—A 12-Week Placebo-Controlled and Randomized Clinical Study
Monika Szulińska, Igor Łoniewski, Katarzyna Skrypnik, Magdalena Sobieska, Katarzyna Korybalska, Joanna Suliburska, Paweł Bogdański
Nutrients.2018; 10(11): 1672. CrossRef
Update on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Systemic Sclerosis
Chiara Bellocchi, Elizabeth R. Volkmann
Current Rheumatology Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases
Luana de Mendonça Oliveira, Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira, Maria Notomi Sato
Mediators of Inflammation.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Micronized Cells of the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 Activate Monocyte Polarization
Luca Mogna, Angela Amoruso, Marco Pane, Stefania Nicola, Serena Allesina, Francesca Deidda
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2018; 52(Supplement): S57. CrossRef

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