- Simultaneous gene editing of both nuclei in a dikaryotic strain of Ganoderma lucidum using Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein
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Yeon-Jae Choi, Hyerang Eom, Rutuja Nandre, Minseek Kim, Youn-Lee Oh, Sinil Kim, Hyeon-Su Ro
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J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2409006. Published online January 24, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2409006
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Abstract
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The presence of multiple nuclei in a common cytoplasm poses a significant challenge to genetic modification in mushrooms. Here, we demonstrate successful gene editing in both nuclei of a dikaryotic strain of Ganoderma lucidum using the Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). The RNP targeting the pyrG gene was introduced into dikaryotic protoplasts of G. lucidum, resulting in the isolation of 31 mycelial colonies resistant to 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). Twenty-six of these isolates were confirmed as dikaryotic strains by the presence of two distinct A mating type markers, denoted as A1 and A2. All dikaryons exhibited clamp connections on their mycelial hyphae, while the remaining 5 transformants were monokaryotic. Subsequent sequence analysis of PCR amplicons targeting pyrG revealed that two dikaryons harbored disrupted pyrG in both nuclei (pyrG-/pyrG-), while 10 and 14 displayed pyrG+/pyrG- (A1/A2) and pyrG-/pyrG+ (A1/A2) configurations, respectively. The disruption was achieved through non-homologous end joining repair, involving deletion or insertion of DNA fragments at the site of the double-strand break induced by RNP. Importantly, the nuclei were stable throughout 10 serial transfers over a period of 6 months. These findings highlight the capability of RNP to target genes across multiple nuclei within the same cytoplasm.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Gene Editing in Ganoderma lucidum: Development, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Shiqi He, Yuanchao Liu, Zhi Zhang, Manjun Cai, Yufan Hao, Huiping Hu Journal of Fungi.2025; 11(4): 310. CrossRef - Development of a CRISPR/Cas9 RNP-mediated genetic engineering system in Paecilomyces variotii
Hui-Gang Han, Rutuja Nandre, Hyerang Eom, Yeon-Jae Choi, Hyeon-Su Ro Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(6): e2502011. CrossRef - CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in filamentous fungi, focusing on mushrooms and plant-pathogenic fungi
Rutuja Nandre, Hyerang Eom, Yeon-Jae Choi, Yanjiao Zhang, Hyeon-Su Ro Fungal Biology Reviews.2025; 54: 100446. CrossRef
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