- Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review
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Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Md Aminul Islam, Hatem Zayed, Elijah Ige Ohimain, Sang-Soo Lee, Prosun Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Dhama
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J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):337-354. Published online May 23, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00138-9
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 Abstract
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Reverse zoonosis reveals the process of transmission of a pathogen through the human-animal interface and the spillback of the zoonotic pathogen. In this article, we methodically demonstrate various aspects of reverse zoonosis, with a comprehensive discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV reverse zoonosis. First, different components of reverse zoonosis, such as humans, different pathogens, and numerous animals (poultry, livestock, pets, wild animals, and zoo animals), have been demonstrated. Second, it explains the present status of reverse zoonosis with different pathogens during previous occurrences of various outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Here, we present 25 examples from literature. Third, using several examples, we comprehensively illustrate the present status of the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Here, we have provided 17 examples of SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonosis and two examples of MPXV reverse zoonosis. Fourth, we have described two significant aspects of reverse zoonosis: understanding the fundamental aspects of spillback and awareness. These two aspects are required to prevent reverse zoonosis from the current infection with two significant viruses. Finally, the One Health approach was discussed vividly, where we urge scientists from different areas to work collaboratively to solve the issue of reverse zoonosis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Phylogenetic analyses of the spread of Clade I MPOX in African and non-African nations
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Arpita Das, Ali S. Abdelhameed
Virus Genes.2025; 61(3): 265. CrossRef - Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of monkeypox virus clades I, II, and goatpox virus
Yongqiang Lin, Zijing Guo, Jinsong Chen, Xianwen Zhang, Long Zhou, Yanmin Li, Zhidong Zhang
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Differential Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Immune Evasion: Insights from Delta and Kappa Variants
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(12): 2506. CrossRef
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