- Cultured Bacterial Diversity and Human Impact on Alpine Glacier Cryoconite
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Yung Mi Lee , So-Yeon Kim , Jia Jung , Eun Hye Kim , Kyeung Hee Cho , Franz Schinner , Rosa Margesin , Soon Gyu Hong , Hong Kum Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(3):355-362. Published online June 30, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0232-0
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The anthropogenic effect on the microbial communities in alpine glacier cryoconites was investigated by cultivation and physiological characterization of bacteria from six cryoconite samples taken at sites with different amounts of human impact. Two hundred and forty seven bacterial isolates were included in Actinobacteria (9%, particularly Arthrobacter), Bacteroidetes (14%, particularly Olleya), Firmicutes (0.8%),
Alphaproteobacteria (2%), Betaproteobacteria (16%, particularly Janthinobacterium), and Gammaproteobacteria (59%, particularly Pseudomonas). Among them, isolates of Arthrobacter were detected only in samples from sites with no human impact, while isolates affiliated with Enterobacteriaceae were detected only in samples
from sites with strong human impact. Bacterial isolates included in Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were frequently isolated from pristine sites and showed low maximum growth temperature and enzyme secretion. Bacterial isolates included in Gammaproteobacteria were more frequently isolated from sites with stronger
human impact and showed high maximum growth temperature and enzyme secretion. Ecotypic differences were not evident among isolates of Janthinobacterium lividum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas
veronii, which were frequently isolated from sites with different degrees of anthropogenic effect.
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Citations
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- Diversity of Cold-Active Protease-Producing Bacteria from Arctic Terrestrial and Marine Environments Revealed by Enrichment Culture
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Eun Hye Kim , Kyeung Hee Cho , Yung Mi Lee , Joung Han Yim , Hong Kum Lee , Jang-Cheon Cho , Soon Gyu Hong
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(4):426-432. Published online August 20, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0015-z
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A new approach for enrichment culture was applied to obtain cold-active protease-producing bacteria for marine and terrestrial samples from Svalbard, Norway. The method was developed for the enrichment of bacteria by long-term incubation at low temperatures in semi-solid agar medium containing meat pieces as the main source of carbon and energy. ZoBell and 0.1× nutrient broth were added for marine and terrestrial microorganisms, respectively, to supply basal elements for growth. One to three types of colonies were observed from each enrichment culture, indicating that specific bacterial species were enriched during the experimental conditions. Among 89 bacterial isolates, protease activity was observed from 48 isolates in the screening media containing skim milk. Good growth was observed at 4°C and 10°C while none of the isolates could grow at 37°C. At low temperatures, enzyme activity was equal to or higher than activity at higher temperatures. Bacterial isolates were included in the genera Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Arthrobacter (24 isolates), Pseudomonas (16 isolates), Psychrobacter (6 isolates), Sphingobacterium (6 isolates), Flavobacterium (2 isolates), Sporosarcina (1 isolate), and Stenotrophomonas (1 isolate). Protease activity was observed from Pseudoalteromonas (33 isolates), Pseudomonas (10 isolates), Arthrobacter (4 isolates), and Flavobacterium (1 isolate).
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Citations
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- Dasania marina gen. nov., sp. nov., of the Order Pseudomonadales, Isolated from Arctic Marine Sediment
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Yoo Kyung Lee , Soon Gyu Hong , Hyun Hee Cho , Kyeung Hee Cho , Hong Kum Lee
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DOI: https://doi.org/2644 [pii]
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An obligately aerobic bacterium, strain KOPRI 20902T, was isolated from a marine sediment in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Islands, Norway. Cells were irregular rods and motile with polar monotrichous flagellum. The optimum growth temperature was 17-22°C. Cells grew best in pH 7.0-10.0 and 3-4% sea salts (corresponding to 2.3-3.1% NaCl). The novel strain required Ca2+ or Mg2+ in addition to NaCl for growth. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Arctic isolate is distantly related with established species (<92.4% sequence similarity) and formed a monophyletic group with Cellvibrio, which formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage in the order Pseudomonadales. Predominant cellular fatty acids [C16:1 ω7c/15:0 iso 2OH (45.3%), C16:0 (18.4%), ECL 11.799 (11.2%), C10:0 3OH (10.4%)]; DNA G+C content (37.0 mol%); nitrate reduction to nitrogen; absence of aesculin hydrolysis, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and esterase; no assimilation of arabinose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, and trehalose differentiated the strain from the genus Cellvibrio. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, Dasania marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed in the order Pseudomonadales. Strain KOPRI 20902T (=KCTC 12566T=JCM 13441T) is the type strain of Dasania marina.
- Culture and Identification of Bacteria from Marine Biofilms
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Yoo Kyung Lee , Kae-Kyung Kwon , Kyeung Hee Cho , Hyo Won Kim , Jae Hyun Park , Hong Kum Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2003;41(3):183-188.
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We isolated and cultured bacteria that inhabited marine biofilms, and identified them by phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences. In the marine environment, biofilms cover most subtidal and intertidal solid surfaces such as rocks, ships, loops, marine animals, and algae. The bacteria in most biofilms are embedded in extracellular polymeric substances that comprise mainly of exopolysaccharides. The exopolysaccharides are excreted from multiple bacterial species; therefore, biofilms are a good source for screening exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Thirty-one strains were cultured, and a total of 17 unique strains were identified. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the 17 strains belonged to [alpha]-Proteobacteria (Ochrobactrum anthropi, Paracoccus carotinifaciens); [gamma]-Proteobacteria (Pseudoalteromonas agarovorans, P. piscicida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shewanella baltica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. pomeroyi); CFB group bacteria (Cytophaga latercula, Tenacibaculum mesophilum); high GC, Gram-positive bacteria (Arthrobacter nicotianae, Brevibacterium casei, B. epidermidis, Tsukamurella inchonensis); and low GC, Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus macroides, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. warneri).
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