- Characteristics of the gut microbiota colonization, inflammatory profile, and plasma metabolome in intrauterine growth restricted piglets during the first 12 hours after birth
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Shimeng Huang , Na Li , Cong Liu , Tiantian Li , Wei Wang , Lili Jiang , Zhen Li , Dandan Han , Shiyu Tao , Junjun Wang
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(9):748-758. Published online June 11, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8690-x
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Abstract
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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes newborns
to inflammatory and metabolic disturbance. Disequilibrium
of gut microbiota in early life has been implicated
in the incidence of inflammation and metabolic diseases in
adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the difference in
gut microbiota colonization, cytokines and plasma metabolome
between IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets
in early life. At birth, reduced (P < 0.05) body, jejunum, and
ileum weights, as well as decreased (P < 0.05) small intestinal
villi and increased (P < 0.05) ileal crypt depth were observed
in IUGR piglets compared with their NBW counterparts. Imbalanced
inflammatory and plasma metabolome profile was
observed in IUGR piglets. Furthermore, altered metabolites
were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory
response. At 12 h after birth and after suckling colostrum,
reduced (P < 0.05) postnatal growth and the small intestinal
maturation retardation (P < 0.05) continued in IUGR
piglets in comparison with those in NBW littermates. Besides,
the gut microbiota structure was significantly altered
by IUGR. Importantly, the disruption of the inflammatory
profile and metabolic status mainly involved the pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ) and amino acid metabolism.
Moreover, spearman correlation analysis showed
that the increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and decreased
abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in IUGR
piglets was closely associated with the alterations of slaughter
weight, intestinal morphology, inflammatory cytokines, and
plasma metabolites. Collectively, IUGR significantly impairs
small intestine structure, modifies gut microbiota colonization, and disturbs inflammatory and metabolic profiles during
the first 12 h after birth. The unbalanced gut microbiota
mediated by IUGR contributes to the development of inflammation
and metabolic diseases.
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- Core gut microbiota in Jinhua pigs and its correlation with strain, farm and weaning age
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Hua Yang , Yingping Xiao , Junjun Wang , Yun Xiang , Yujie Gong , Xueting Wen , Defa Li
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J. Microbiol. 2018;56(5):346-355. Published online May 2, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7486-8
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Abstract
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Gut microbial diversity and the core microbiota of the Jinhua
pig, which is a traditional, slow-growing Chinese breed with
a high body-fat content, were examined from a total of 105
fecal samples collected from 6 groups of pigs at 3 weaning
ages that originated from 2 strains and were raised on 3 different
pig farms. The bacterial community was analyzed following
high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes,
and the fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
were measured by gas chromatograph. Our results showed
that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla,
and Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, SMB53, and
Bifidobacterium were the most abundant genera. Fifteen predominant
genera present in every Jinhua pig sample constituted
a phylogenetic core microbiota and included the probiotics
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and the SCFAproducing
bacteria Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Coprococcus,
Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus.
Comparisons of the microbiota compositions and
SCFA concentrations across the 6 groups of pigs demonstrated
that genetic background and weaning age affected the
structure of the gut microbiota more significantly than the
farm. The relative abundance of the core genera in the pigs,
including Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteroides,
Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Butyricicoccus varied
dramatically in pigs among the 2 origins and 3 weaning
ages, while Oscillospira, Megasphaera, Parabacteroides, and
Corynebacterium differed among pigs from different farms.
Interestingly, there was a more significant influence of strain
and weaning age than of rearing farm on the SCFA concentrations.
Therefore, strain and weaning age appear to be the
more important factors shaping the intestinal microbiome
of pigs.
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