- The efficacy of a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline compound as an intranasal vaccine adjuvant to protect against influenza A virus infection in vivo
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Kyungseob Noh , Eun Ju Jeong , Timothy An , Jin Soo Shin , Hyejin Kim , Soo Bong Han , Meehyein Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2022;60(5):550-559. Published online April 18, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1661-7
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Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance antigen-
specific immune responses or to protect antigens from
rapid elimination. As pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like
receptors 7 (TLR7) and 8 (TLR8) activate the innate immune
system by sensing endosomal single-stranded RNA of RNA
viruses. Here, we investigated if a 2,4-diaminoquinazolinebased
TLR7/8 agonist, (S)-3-((2-amino-8-fluoroquinazolin-
4-yl)amino)hexan-1-ol (named compound 31), could be used
as an adjuvant to enhance the serological and mucosal immunity
of an inactivated influenza A virus vaccine. The compound induced
the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
In a dose-response analysis, intranasal administration
of 1 μg compound 31 together with an inactivated vaccine
(0.5 μg) to mice not only enhanced virus-specific IgG and
IgA production but also neutralized influenza A virus with
statistical significance. Notably, in a virus-challenge model,
the combination of the vaccine and compound 31 alleviated
viral infection-mediated loss of body weight and increased
survival rates by 40% compared with vaccine only-treated mice.
We suggest that compound 31 is a promising lead compound
for developing mucosal vaccine adjuvants to protect against
respiratory RNA viruses such as influenza viruses and potentially
coronaviruses.
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Citations
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- Synthetic Cathepsin B Sensitive Adjuvant‐Peptide Conjugates to Target Intracellular Toll‐Like Receptors 7 and 8
Marjolein M. E. Isendoorn, Giulia Castello, Nico J. Meeuwenoord, Martijn Verdoes, Jeroen D. C. Codée, Ferry Ossendorp, Dmitri V. Filippov ChemistryEurope.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Efflux-Enhanced Imidazoquinolines To Exploit Chemoresistance
Muhammad Haroon, Sharmin Sultana, Seyedeh A. Najibi, Emily T. Wang, Abbey Michaelson, Pranto S. M. Al Muied, Amy E. Nielsen, Rock J. Mancini ACS Omega.2025; 10(12): 12319. CrossRef - Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New 2,6,7-Substituted Purine Derivatives as Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonists for Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants
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- Comparison of anti-influenza virus activity and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir free base and oseltamivir phosphate
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Jin Soo Shin , Keun Bon Ku , Yejin Jang , Yi-Seul Yoon , Daeho Shin , Oh Seung Kwon , Yun Young Go , Seong Soon Kim , Myoung Ae Bae , Meehyein Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2017;55(12):979-983. Published online December 7, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7371-x
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2,004
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Abstract
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Influenza viruses are major human respiratory pathogens that
cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently,
prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic antiviral agents are used
to prevent and control influenza virus infection. Oseltamivir
free base (OSV-FB), a modified generic antiviral drug of
Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate, OSV-P), was launched in
the Republic of Korea last year. Here, we examine the bioequivalence
of these two compounds by assessing their antiviral
efficacy in infected cells and in a mouse model. It was
observed that both antivirals showed comparable efficacy
against 11 different influenza A and B viruses in vitro. Moreover,
in mice infected with influenza A virus (mouse-adapted
A/Puerto Rico/8/34), they showed a dose-dependent therapeutic
activity and alleviated infection-mediated reductions
in body weight, leading to significantly better survival. There
was histopathological disappearance of virus-induced inflammatory
cell infiltration of the lung after oral treatment with
either antiviral agent (at 10 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic analysis
also exhibited similar plasma concentrations of the active
drug, oseltamivir carboxylate, metabolised from both OSVB
and OSV-P. This is the first report showing bioequivalence
of OSV-FB to its phosphate salt form in the mouse system.
The free base drug has some beneficial points including simple
drug formulation process and reduced risk of undesirable
cation-phosphate precipitation within solution. The long term
stability of OSV-FB requires further monitoring when it is
provided as a national stock in readiness for an influenza
pandemic.
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Citations
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Anna Luganini, Maria E. Terlizzi, Gianluca Catucci, Gianfranco Gilardi, Massimo E. Maffei, Giorgio Gribaudo Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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