- VvpM, an Extracellular Metalloprotease of Vibrio vulnificus, Induces Apoptotic Death of Human Cells
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Mi-Ae Lee , Jeong-A Kim , Yu Jin Yang , Mee-Young Shin , Soon-Jung Park , Kyu-Ho Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(12):1036-1043. Published online November 3, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4531-0
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A pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio vulnificus produces various
extracellular proteases including the elastolytic metalloprotease,
VvpE. In silico analysis of its genome revealed a VvpEhomologous
protease, VvpM whose proteolytic activity was
abolished by specific inhibitors against metalloproteases. To
investigate whether this newly identified protease has pathogenic
role in host interaction in addition to proteolytic role,
human cell lines were incubated with recombinant VvpM
(rVvpM). rVvpM-challenged cells showed typical morphological
changes found in cells under apoptosis. Apoptotic
cell death was further evidenced by estimating the Annexin
V-stained cells, whose proportions were dependent upon
the concentrations of rVvpM treated to human cells. To elucidate
the signaling pathway for VvpM-induced apoptosis,
three MAPKs were tested if their activation were mediated by
rVvpM. ERK1/2 was phosphorylated by treatment of rVvpM
and rVvpM-induced cell death was blocked by a specific inhibitor
against ERK1/2. In rVvpM-treated cells, the cytosolic
levels of cytochrome c were increased in a VvpM concentration-
dependent manner, while the levels of cytochrome c in
mitochondria were decreased. Cell deaths were accompanied
by apparent cleavages of procaspases-9 and -3 to the active
caspases-9 and -3, respectively. Therefore, this study demonstrates
that an extracellular metalloprotease of V. vulnificus,
VvpM induces apoptosis of human cells via a pathway consisting
of ERK activation, cytochrome c release, and then
activation of caspases-9 and -3.
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Citations
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