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Jaeho Song 9 Articles
High-throughput cultivation based on dilution-to-extinction with catalase supplementation and a case study of cultivating acI bacteria from Lake Soyang
Suhyun Kim , Miri S. Park , Jaeho Song , Ilnam Kang , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(11):893-905.   Published online October 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0452-2
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  • 16 Web of Science
  • 17 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Multi-omics approaches, including metagenomics and single- cell amplified genomics, have revolutionized our understanding of the hidden diversity and function of microbes in nature. Even in the omics age, cultivation is an essential discipline in microbial ecology since microbial cultures are necessary to assess the validity of an in silico prediction about the microbial metabolism and to isolate viruses infecting bacteria and archaea. However, the ecophysiological characteristics of predominant freshwater bacterial lineages remain largely unknown due to the scarcity of cultured representatives. In an ongoing effort to cultivate the uncultured majority of freshwater bacteria, the most abundant freshwater Actinobacteria acI clade has recently been cultivated from Lake Soyang through catalase-supplemented high-throughput cultivation based on dilution-to-extinction. This method involves physical isolation of target microbes from mixed populations, culture media simulating natural habitats, and removal of toxic compounds. In this protocol, we describe detailed procedures for isolating freshwater oligotrophic microbes, as well as the essence of the dilution-to-extinction culturing. As a case study employing the catalase-supplemented dilution-to-extinction protocol, we also report a cultivation trial using a water sample collected from Lake Soyang. Of the 480 cultivation wells inoculated with a single lake-water sample, 75 new acI strains belonging to 8 acI tribes (acI-A1, A2, A4, A5, A6, A7, B1, B4, C1, and C2) were cultivated, and each representative strain per subclade could be revived from glycerol stocks. These cultivation results demonstrate that the protocol described in this study is efficient in isolating freshwater bacterioplankton harboring streamlined genomes.

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  • Ecological success in freshwater lakes: insights from novel cultivated lineages of the abundant Nanopelagicales order
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    Japanese Journal of Limnology (Rikusuigaku Zasshi).2024; 85(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Maria‐Cecilia Chiriac, Markus Haber, Michaela M. Salcher
    Environmental Microbiology.2023; 25(3): 606.     CrossRef
  • Expanding success in the isolation of abundant marine bacteria after reduction in grazing and viral pressure and increase in nutrient availability
    Xavier Rey-Velasco, Ona Deulofeu-Capo, Isabel Sanz-Sáez, Clara Cardelús, Isabel Ferrera, Josep M. Gasol, Olga Sánchez, Vincent J. Denef
    Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Two-Dimensional Cell Separation: a High-Throughput Approach to Enhance the Culturability of Bacterial Cells from Environmental Samples
    Krishna K. Yadav, Yogesh Nimonkar, Bhagyashri J. Poddar, Lochana Kovale, Isita Sagar, Yogesh Shouche, Hemant J. Purohit, Anshuman A. Khardenavis, Stefan J. Green, Om Prakash, Kristen M. DeAngelis
    Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Marine microbial bioprospecting: Exploitation of marine biodiversity towards biotechnological applications—a review
    Hoda Hosseini, Hareb M. Al‐Jabri, Navid R. Moheimani, Simil A. Siddiqui, Imen Saadaoui
    Journal of Basic Microbiology.2022; 62(9): 1030.     CrossRef
  • Prokaryotes of renowned Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad) thermal springs: phylogenetic and cultivation analysis
    Tereza Smrhova, Kunal Jani, Petr Pajer, Gabriela Kapinusova, Tomas Vylita, Jachym Suman, Michal Strejcek, Ondrej Uhlik
    Environmental Microbiome.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Description of Vagococcus coleopterorum sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the diving beetle, Cybister lewisianus, and Vagococcus hydrophili sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the dark diving beetle, Hydrophilus acuminatus, and emended descrip
    Dong-Wook Hyun, Euon Jung Tak, Pil Soo Kim, Jin-Woo Bae
    Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(2): 132.     CrossRef
  • Metaviromics coupled with phage-host identification to open the viral ‘black box’
    Kira Moon, Jang-Cheon Cho
    Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(3): 311.     CrossRef
  • Heme auxotrophy in abundant aquatic microbial lineages
    Suhyun Kim, Ilnam Kang, Jin-Won Lee, Che Ok Jeon, Stephen J. Giovannoni, Jang-Cheon Cho
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Recent trend, biases and limitations of cultivation-based diversity studies of microbes
    Om Prakash, Mrinalini Parmar, Manali Vaijanapurkar, Vinay Rale, Yogesh S Shouche
    FEMS Microbiology Letters.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cultivation of Dominant Freshwater Bacterioplankton Lineages Using a High-Throughput Dilution-to-Extinction Culturing Approach Over a 1-Year Period
    Suhyun Kim, Md. Rashedul Islam, Ilnam Kang, Jang-Cheon Cho
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Aequoribacter fuscus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Halieaceae, isolated from coastal seawater
Shan-Hui Li , Jaeho Song , Ilnam Kang , Juchan Hwang , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(6):463-471.   Published online May 27, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0206-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, obligately aerobic, nonflagellated, and chemoheterotrophic bacterium, designated IMCC3088T, was isolated from coastal seawater of the Yellow Sea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this strain belonged to the family Halieaceae which shared the highest sequence similarities with Luminiphilus syltensis NOR5-1BT (94.5%) and Halioglobus pacificus S1-72T (94.5%), followed by 92.3–94.3% sequence similarities with other species within the aforementioned family. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strain IMCC3088T was robustly clustered with Luminiphilus syltensis NOR5-1BT within the family Halieaceae. However, average amino acid identity (AAI), percentages of conserved proteins (POCP), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and alignment fraction (AF) between strain IMCC3088T and Luminiphilus syltensis NOR5-1BT were 54.5%, 47.7%, 68.0%, and 16.5%, respectively, suggesting that they belonged to different genera. Whole-genome sequencing of strain IMCC3088T revealed a 3.1 Mbp genome size with a DNA G + C content of 51.7 mol%. The genome encoded diverse metabolic pathways including sulfur oxidation, phenol degradation, and proteorhodopsin phototrophy. Mono-unsaturated fatty acids were found to be the predominant cellular fatty acid components in the strain. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol were the primarily identified polar lipids, and ubiquinone-8 was identified as a major respiratory quinone. The taxonomic data collected herein suggested that strain IMCC3088T represented a novel genus and species of the family Halieaceae, for which the name Aequoribacter fuscus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain (= KACC 15529T = NBRC 108213T).

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Isolation and genome analysis of Winogradskyella algicola sp. nov., the dominant bacterial species associated with the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta
Jaeho Song , Yeonjung Lim , Hye-Jin Jang , Yochan Joung , Ilnam Kang , Seong-Joo Hong , Choul-Gyun Lee , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(11):982-990.   Published online October 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9378-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Microalgae and bacteria are known to be closely associated in diverse environments. To isolate dominant bacterial species associated with a green alga, Dunaliella tertiolecta, a photoreactor culture of the microalga was investigated using culture- based and culture-independent approaches. The bacterial community structure of the algal culture showed that the most abundant bacterial species under the culture conditions was related to the genus Winogradskyella. The closely related amplicon sequences, showing ≥ 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to one of the isolates, designated IMCC- 33238T, constituted > 49% of the bacterial community and was therefore regarded as the most dominant species in the algal culture. Strain IMCC33238T was characterized by Gramstaining- negative and orange-colored rods. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA genes as well as whole genome sequences revealed that strain IMCC33238T belonged to Winogradskyella and shared more than 97.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Winogradskyella species. The strain contained iso-C15:1 G, iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) as major fatty acids and MK-6 as the predominant quinone. The polar lipids found in strain IMCC33238T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. The genome of strain IMCC33238T was 3.37 Mbp in size with 33.9 mol% G + C content and proteorhodopsin. Many genes encoding folate and vitamin production are considered to play an important role in the bacteria-algae interaction. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain IMCC33238T represents a novel species in the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC33238T (= KACC 21192T = NBRC 113704T).

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Isolation, cultivation, and genome analysis of proteorhodopsincontaining SAR116-clade strain Candidatus Puniceispirillum marinum IMCC1322
Junhak Lee , Kae Kyoung Kwon , Seung-Il Lim , Jaeho Song , Ah Reum Choi , Sung-Hyun Yang , Kwang-Hwan Jung , Jung-Hyun Lee , Sung Gyun Kang , Hyun-Myung Oh , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):676-687.   Published online June 14, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9001-2
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Strain IMCC1322 was isolated from a surface water sample from the East Sea of Korea. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, IMCC1322 was found to belong to the OCS28 sub-clade of SAR116. The cells appeared as short vibrioids in logarithmicphase culture, and elongated spirals during incubation with mitomycin or in aged culture. Growth characteristics of strain IMCC1322 were further evaluated based on genomic information; proteorhodopsin (PR), carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)-utilizing enzymes. IMCC1322 PR was characterized as a functional retinylidene protein that acts as a light-driven proton pump in the cytoplasmic membrane. However, the PR-dependent phototrophic potential of strain IMCC1322 was only observed under CO-inhibited and nutrient-limited culture conditions. A DMSP-enhanced growth response was observed in addition to cultures grown on C1 compounds like methanol, formate, and methane sulfonate. Strain IMCC1322 cultivation analysis revealed biogeochemical processes characteristic of the SAR116 group, a dominant member of the microbial community in euphotic regions of the ocean. The polyphasic taxonomy of strain IMCC1322 is given as Candidatus Puniceispirillum marinum, and was confirmed by chemotaxonomic tests, in addition to 16S rRNA phylogeny and cultivation analyses.

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Sulfitobacter profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater
Jaeho Song , Hye-Jin Jang , Yochan Joung , Ilnam Kang , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):661-667.   Published online April 22, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9150-3
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, obligately aerobic, chemoheterotrophic bacterium which is motile by means of a single polar flagellum, designated SAORIC-263T, was isolated from deep seawater of the Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomebased phylogeny revealed that strain SAORIC-263T belonged to the genus Sulfitobacter and shared 96.1–99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Sulfitobacter species. Wholegenome sequencing of strain SAORIC-263T revealed a genome size of 3.9􍾘Mbp and DNA G+C content of 61.3 mol%. The SAORIC-263T genome shared an average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization of 79.1–88.5% and 18.9–35.0%, respectively, with other Sulfitobacter genomes. The SAORIC-263T genome contained the genes related to benzoate degradation, which are frequently found in deep-sea metagenome. The strain contained summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c), C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl, and C16:0 as the predominant cellular fatty acids as well as ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and aminolipid. On the basis of taxonomic data obtained in this study, it is suggested that strain SAORIC-263T represents a novel species of the genus Sulfitobacter, for which the name Sulfitobacter profundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SAORIC-263T (= KACC 21183T = NBRC 113428T).

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    Aharon Oren, George Garrity
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(7): 4043.     CrossRef
  • Complete Genome Sequence ofSulfitobacterPhage ϕGT1, Isolated from a Tidal Flat
    Chung Y. Hwang, Yirang Cho, Gwang I. Jang, Byung C. Cho, Stephen C. Hardies, Simon Roux
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Genome analysis of Rubritalea profundi SAORIC-165T, the first deep-sea verrucomicrobial isolate, from the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Jaeho Song , Ilnam Kang , Yochan Joung , Susumu Yoshizawa , Ryo Kaneko , Kenshiro Oshima , Masahira Hattori , Koji Hamasaki , Soochan Kim , Kangseok Lee , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):413-422.   Published online February 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8712-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Although culture-independent studies have shown the presence of Verrucomicrobia in the deep sea, verrucomicrobial strains from deep-sea environments have been rarely cultured and characterized. Recently, Rubritalea profundi SAORIC- 165T, a psychrophilic bacterium of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, was isolated from a depth of 2,000 m in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In this study, the genome sequence of R. profundi SAORIC-165T, the first deep-sea verrucomicrobial isolate, is reported with description of the genome properties and comparison to surface-borne Rubritalea genomes. The draft genome consisted of four contigs with an entire size of 4,167,407 bp and G+C content of 47.5%. The SAORIC-165T genome was predicted to have 3,844 proteincoding genes and 45 non-coding RNA genes. The genome contained a repertoire of metabolic pathways, including the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, assimilatory sulfate reduction, and biosynthesis of nicotinate/nicotinamide, pantothenate/ coenzyme A, folate, and lycopene. The comparative genomic analyses with two surface-derived Rubritalea genomes showed that the SAORIC-165T genome was enriched in genes involved in transposition of mobile elements, signal transduction, and carbohydrate metabolism, some of which might be related to bacterial enhancement of ecological fitness in the deep-sea environment. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from the water column revealed that R. profundi-related phylotypes were relatively abundant at 2,000 m and preferred a particle-associated life style in the deep sea. These findings suggest that R. profundi represents a genetically unique and ecologically relevant verrucomicrobial group well adapted to the deep-sea environment.

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    Yiwen Ou, Yinhua Huang, Zekai Cui, Shangli Ji, Xu Yang, Rangsheng Mei, Zhexiong Yu, Kwok-Fai So, Jiansu Chen, Shibo Tang, Jacey Hongjie Ma
    Neural Regeneration Research.2026; 21(11): 5462.     CrossRef
  • Cultivation of deep-sea bacteria from the Northwest Pacific Ocean and characterization of Limnobacter profundi sp. nov., a phenol-degrading bacterium
    Mirae Kim, Jaeho Song, Seung Yeol Shin, Kazuhiro Kogure, Ilnam Kang, Jang-Cheon Cho
    Frontiers in Marine Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Flavobacterium aquariorum sp. nov., isolated from freshwater of the North Han River
Yochan Joung , Hye-Jin Jang , Jaeho Song , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):343-349.   Published online February 5, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8436-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated IMCC34762T, was isolated from a freshwater sample collected from Lake Cheongpyeong in Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMCC- 34762T formed a lineage within the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to F. pectinovorum DSM 6368T (98.3% sequence similarity), followed by F. piscis CCUG 60099T (98.3%), F. branchiicola 59B-3-09T (98.2%), and F. saccharophilum DSM 1811T (98.2%). The average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance between strain IMCC34762T and the closely related strains were 61–62% and 26–27%, respectively, indicating that IMCC34762T is a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium. The major fatty acids (> 5%) of strain IMCC34762T were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c, 17.3%), iso-C15:0 (15.0%), iso-C15:0 G (9.0%), C15:0 ω6c (7.4%), iso-C15:0 (7.4%), and iso-C16:0 (5.3%). The major respiratory quinone and polyamine were MK-6 and sym-homospermidine, respectively. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminophospholipid, and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain IMCC34762T was 34.4 mol%. Based on the taxonomic data presented in this study, strain IMCC34762T represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium aquariorum, sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC34762T (= KACC 19725T = NBRC 113425T).

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  • Ten Novel Species Belonging to the Genus Flavobacterium, Isolated from Freshwater Environments: F. praedii sp. nov., F. marginilacus sp. nov., F. aestivum sp. nov., F. flavigenum sp. nov., F. luteolum sp. nov., F. gelatinilyticum sp. nov., F. aquiphilum s
    Hyunyoung Jo, Miri S. Park, Yeonjung Lim, Ilnam Kang, Jang-Cheon Cho
    Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(5): 495.     CrossRef
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    Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
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    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Izzet Burcin Saticioglu, Hilal Ay, Soner Altun, Muhammed Duman, Nevzat Sahin
    Systematic and Applied Microbiology.2021; 44(2): 126186.     CrossRef
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  • Rhodoferax lacus sp. nov., isolated from a large freshwater lake
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    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2019; 69(10): 3135.     CrossRef
Pedobacter aquicola sp. nov., isolated from freshwater
Yochan Joung , Hye-jin Jang , Miri Park , Jaeho Song , Jang-Cheon Cho
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(7):478-484.   Published online June 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7499-3
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A non-motile, pink-pigmented bacterial strain designated IMCC25679T, was isolated from freshwater Lake Chungju of Korea. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain IMCC25679T formed a lineage within the genus Pedobacter. The strain IMCC25679T was closely related to Pedobacter daechungensis Dae 13T (96.4% sequence similarity), Pedobacter rivuli HME8457T (95.3%) and Pedobacter lentus DS-40T (94.3%). The major fatty acids of IMCC- 25679T were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), an unidentified sphingolipid (SL), an unidentified aminolipid (AL) and three unidentified polar lipids (PL). The DNA G + C content of IMCC25679T was 32.2 mol%. Based on the evidence presented in this study, the strain IMCC25679T represents a novel species within the genus Pedobacter, with the proposed name Pedobacter aquicola, sp. nov. The type strain is IMCC25679T (= KACC 19486T = NBRC113131T).

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    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(12): 6126.     CrossRef
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Isolation and Characterization of the Smallest Bacteriophage P4 Derivatives Packaged into P4-Size Head in Bacteriophage P2-P4 System
Kyoung-Jin Kim , Jaeho Song
J. Microbiol. 2006;44(5):530-536.
DOI: https://doi.org/2444 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Bacteriophage P4, a satellite phage of coliphage P2, is a very useful experimental tool for the study of viral capsid assembly and cos-cleavage. For an in vitro cos-cleavage reaction study of the P2-P4 system, new shortened and selectable markers containing P4 derivative plasmids were designed as a substrate molecules. They were constructed by swapping the non-essential segment of P4 DNA for either the kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene or the ampicillin resistance (apr) gene. The size of the genomes of the resulting markers were 82% (P4 ash8 delRI:: kmr) and 79% (P4 ash8 delRI:: apr) of the wild type P4 genome. To determine the lower limit of genome size that could be packaged into the small P4-size head, these shortened P4 plasmids were converted to phage particles with infection of the helper phage P2. The conversion of plasmid P4 derivatives to bacteriophage particles was verified by the heat stability test and the burst size determination experiment. CsCl buoyant equilibrium density gradient experiments confirmed not only the genome size of the viable phage form of shortened P4 derivatives, but also their packaging into the small P4-size head. P4 ash8 delRI:: apr turned out to be the smallest P4 genome that can be packaged into P4-sized head.
Jaeho Song 0 Article

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