Journal of Microbiology

Hyemi Kim

2 Articles

Hypermethylation of the interferon regulatory factor 5 promoter in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: Seung Myung Dong , Hyun Gyu Lee , Sung-Gyu Cho , Seung-Hyun Kwon , Heejei Yoon , Hyun-Jin Kwon , Ji Hae Lee , Hyemi Kim , Pil-Gu Park , Hoguen Kim , S. Diane Hayward , Jeon Han Park , Jae Myun Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):70-76. Published online January 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4654-3

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Interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF-5), a member of the mammalian IRF transcription factor family, is regulated by p53, type I interferon and virus infection. IRF-5 participates in virus-induced TLR-mediated innate immune responses and may play a role as a tumor suppressor. It was suppressed in various EBV-infected transformed cells, thus it is valuable to identify the suppression mechanism. We focused on a promoter CpG islands methylation, a kind of epigenetic regulation in EBV-associated Burkitt’s lymphomas (BLs) and gastric carcinomas. IRF-5 is not detected in most of EBV-infected BL cell lines due to hypermethylation of IRF-5 distal promoter (promoter-A), which was restored by a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2􍿁-deoxycytidine. Hypomethylation of CpG islands in promoter-A was observed only in EBV type III latent infected BL cell lines (LCL and Mutu III). Similarly, during EBV infection to Akata-4E3 cells, IRF-5 was observed at early time periods (2 days to 8 weeks), concomitant unmethylation of promoter-A, but suppressed in later infection periods as observed in latency I BL cell lines. Moreover, hypermethylation in IRF-5 promoter-A region was also observed in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) cell lines or primary gastric carcinoma tissues, which show type I latent infection. In summary, IRF-5 is suppressed by hypermethylation of its promoter-A in most of EBV-infected transformed cells, especially BLs and EBVaGC. EBV-induced carcinogenesis takes an advantage of proliferative effects of TLR signaling, while limiting IRF-5 mediated negative effects in the establishment of EBVaGCs.

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Sublingual Administration of Bacteria-Expressed Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) Induces Protection against Infection with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus: Byoung-Shik Shim , Jung-ah Choi , Ho-Hyun Song , Sung-Moo Park , In Su Cheon , Ji-Eun Jang , Sun Je Woo , Chung Hwan Cho , Min-Suk Song , Hyemi Kim , Kyung Joo Song , Jae Myun Lee , Suhng Wook Kim , Dae Sub Song , Young Ki Choi , Jae-Ouk Kim , Huan Huu Nguyen , Dong Wook Kim , Young Yil Bahk , Cheol-Heui Yun , Man Ki Song; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(1):130-135. Published online March 2, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2399-z

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Abstract PDF

Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that continue to pose a significantly high risk of morbidity and mortality of humans worldwide. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for minimizing damages by influenza outbreaks. In addition, rapid development and production of efficient vaccine with convenient administration is required in case of influenza pandemic. In this study, we generated recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin protein 1 (sHA1) of 2009 pandemic influenza virus as a vaccine candidate using a wellestablished bacterial expression system and administered it into mice via sublingual (s.l.) route. We found that s.l. immunization with the recombinant sHA1 plus cholera toxin (CT) induced mucosal antibodies as well as systemic antibodies including neutralizing Abs and provided complete protection against infection with pandemic influenza virus A/CA/04/09 (H1N1) in mice. Indeed, the protection efficacy was comparable with that induced by intramuscular (i.m.) immunization route utilized as general administration route of influenza vaccine. These results suggest that s.l. vaccination with the recombinant non-glycosylated HA1 protein offers an alternative strategy to control influenza outbreaks including pandemics.

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