- The Regulation of Phosphorus Release by Penicillium chrysogenum in Different Phosphate via the TCA Cycle and Mycelial Morphology
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Liyan Wang , Da Tian , Xiaoru Zhang , Mingxue Han , Xiaohui Cheng , Xinxin Ye , Chaochun Zhang , Hongjian Gao , Zhen Li
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J. Microbiol. 2023;61(8):765-775. Published online September 4, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00072-2
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Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) efficiently dissolve insoluble phosphates through the production of organic acids. This
study investigates the mechanisms of organic acid secretion by PSF, specifically Penicillium chrysogenum, under tricalcium
phosphate (
Ca3(PO4)2, Ca–P) and ferric phosphate (
FePO4, Fe–P) conditions. Penicillium chrysogenum exhibited higher
phosphorus (P) release efficiency from Ca-P (693.6 mg/L) than from Fe–P (162.6 mg/L). However, Fe–P significantly
enhanced oxalic acid (1193.7 mg/L) and citric acid (227.7 mg/L) production by Penicillium chrysogenum compared with
Ca–P (905.7 and 3.5 mg/L, respectively). The presence of Fe–P upregulated the expression of genes and activity of enzymes
related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, including pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. Additionally, Fe–P upregulated
the expression of chitinase and endoglucanase genes, inducing a transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum mycelial
morphology from pellet to filamentous. The filamentous morphology exhibited higher efficiency in oxalic acid secretion
and P release from Fe–P and Ca–P. Compared with pellet morphology, filamentous morphology enhanced P release capacity
by > 40% and > 18% in Ca–P and Fe–P, respectively. This study explored the strategies employed by PSF to improve the
dissolution of different insoluble phosphates.
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Citations
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- A study of P release from Fe-P and Ca-P via the organic acids secreted by Aspergillus niger
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Da Tian , Liyan Wang , Jun Hu , Liangliang Zhang , Ningning Zhou , Jingjing Xia , Meiyue Xu , Kianpoor Kalkhajeh Yusef , Shimei Wang , Zhen Li , Hongjian Gao
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J. Microbiol. 2021;59(9):819-826. Published online August 12, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1178-5
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1,235
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Abstract
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Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) have been widely applied
to dissolve insoluble phosphates (IPs). However, the PSF usually
demonstrates a different phosphate solubilizing capacity
for various IPs. This study explored the mechanisms of Aspergillus
niger for the dissolution of ferric phosphate (FePO4,
Fe-P), and tricalcium phosphate (Ca3[PO4]2, Ca-P) regarding
the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Aspergillus niger has higher
phosphorus (P) content released from Ca-P, reached the maximum
value of 861 mg/L after seven days of incubation, compared
with the 169 mg/L from Fe-P. Oxalic acid promoted
the release of P from Ca-P through the formation of calcium
oxalate. The presence of Fe-P can stimulate A. niger to secrete
large amounts of citric acid, confirmed by the enhancement
of citrate synthase (CS) activity. However, citric acid
only promotes 0.5% of P released from Fe-P. Meanwhile, although
oxalic acid still dominates the release of P from Fe-P,
its abundance was significantly declined. In contrast, oxalic
acid also shows a higher P release ratio in Ca-P than citric
acid, i.e., 36% vs. 22%. This study points to the future usage
of A. niger to dissolve IPs in soil required to enhance oxalic
acid secretion.
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