Journal of Microbiology

Hongbaek Cho

4 Articles

Assembly of Bacterial Surface Glycopolymers as an Antibiotic Target: Hongbaek Cho; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):359-367. Published online March 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00032-w

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Bacterial cells are covered with various glycopolymers such as peptidoglycan (PG), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), teichoic acids, and capsules. Among these glycopolymers, PG assembly is the target of some of our most effective antibiotics, consistent with its essentiality and uniqueness to bacterial cells. Biosynthesis of other surface glycopolymers have also been acknowledged as potential targets for developing therapies to control bacterial infections, because of their importance for bacterial survival in the host environment. Moreover, biosynthesis of most surface glycopolymers are closely related to PG assembly because the same lipid carrier is shared for glycopolymer syntheses. In this review, I provide an overview of PG assembly and antibiotics that target this pathway. Then, I discuss the implications of a common lipid carrier being used for assembly of PG and other surface glycopolymers in antibiotic development.

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Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(3): 273. CrossRef

Comparative analysis of the colistin resistance-regulating gene cluster in Klebsiella species: Sun Ju Kim , Hongbaek Cho , Kwan Soo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(5):461-468. Published online April 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1640-z

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Abstract PDF

CrrAB two-component regulatory system is associated with colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Recently, some K. pneumoniae isolates lacking crrAB genes have been identified. In this study, we investigated the distribution and structural variation of the crrBAC-kexD cluster. To evaluate the structural variation of the crrBAC-kexD cluster, we explored 59 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates from Korea, and 508 whole genomes of K. pneumoniae and other strains of Klebsiella sp. Significant structural variations in crrBAC-kexD and its surrounding regions were identified among K. pneumoniae genomes. Within the genus Klebsiella, the cluster was identified only in K. pneumoniae, K. variicola, and K. quasipneumoniae, which form the K. pneumoniae complex. Among the 304 available K. pneumoniae genomes, an intact crrBAC-kexD cluster was identified in 178 isolates (58.6%), while the cluster was absent in 90 isolates (29.6%). Partial deletions within the cluster were identified in 22 genomes (7.2%). The most diverse structural patterns of the crrBAC-kexD cluster were observed in ST11 strains. Some clades lacked the crrBAC-kexD cluster. The crrBAC-kexD cluster was identified in the genomes of other bacterial species, including Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter ludwigii. The crrBAC-kexD cluster is proposed to have been acquired by the ancestor of the K. pneumoniae complex from other bacterial species and the cluster may have been lost and re-acquired repeatedly in K. pneumoniae strains according to the phylogenetic analysis. The dynamic evolution of the crrBAC-kexD cluster suggests that it may have other roles, in addition to colistin resistance, in bacterial physiology.

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High prevalence of polymyxin-heteroresistant carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and its within-host evolution to resistance among critically ill scenarios
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Infection.2025; 53(1): 271. CrossRef
Roles of crrAB two-component regulatory system in Klebsiella pneumoniae: growth yield, survival in initial colistin treatment stage, and virulence
Sun Ju Kim, Jong Hyun Shin, Hyunkeun Kim, Kwan Soo Ko
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.2024; 63(1): 107011. CrossRef
Role of efflux pumps, their inhibitors, and regulators in colistin resistance
Yinhuan Ding, Jingchen Hao, Weijia Xiao, Caihong Ye, Xue Xiao, Chunxia Jian, Min Tang, Guangrong Li, Jinbo Liu, Zhangrui Zeng
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Transposon insertion site sequencing (TIS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Hongbaek Cho; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(12):1067-1074. Published online December 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1565-y

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Abstract PDF

Transposon insertion site sequencing (TIS) is a technique that determines the insertion profile of a transposon mutant library by massive parallel sequencing of transposon-genomic DNA junctions. Because the transposon insertion profile reflects the abundance of each mutant in the library, it provides information to assess the fitness contribution of each genetic locus of a bacterial genome in a specific growth condition or strain background. Although introduced only about a dozen years ago, TIS has become an important tool in bacterial genetics that provides clues to study biological functions and regulatory mechanisms. Here, I describe a protocol for generating high density transposon insertion mutant libraries and preparing Illumina sequencing samples for mapping the transposon junctions of the transposon mutant libraries using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an example.

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Optimization of Transposon Mutagenesis Methods in Pseudomonas antarctica
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Microorganisms.2023; 11(1): 118. CrossRef
Construction of high-density transposon mutant library of Staphylococcus aureus using bacteriophage ϕ11
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Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(12): 1123. CrossRef

Construction of a multicopy genomic DNA library and its application for suppression analysis: Hongbaek Cho; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(12):1041-1047. Published online November 22, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9417-8

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Abstract PDF

Suppression analysis is used for the identification of new genes and genetic interactions when there is a notable phenotype available for genetic selection or screening. A random genomic DNA library constructed on a multi-copy plasmid is a useful tool for suppression analysis when one expects that an overdose of a few genes will suppress the phenotype. These libraries have been successfully used to determine the function of a gene by revealing genes whose functions are related to the gene of interest. They have also been used to identify the targets of chemical or biological agents by increasing the number of unaffected target gene products in a cell. In this article, I will discuss important considerations for constructing multicopy genomic DNA libraries. The protocol provided in this paper should be a useful guide for constructing genomic DNA libraries in many bacterial species for which multi-copy plasmids are available.

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Parallel evolutionary trajectories rewire enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesion to restore host attachment
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