Journal of Microbiology

Hee-Jung Lee

5 Articles

Antiviral Activity Against SARS‑CoV‑2 Variants Using in Silico and in Vitro Approaches: Hee-Jung Lee , Hanul Choi , Aleksandra Nowakowska , Lin-Woo Kang , Minjee Kim , Young Bong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(7):703-711. Published online June 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00062-4

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emergence in 2019 led to global health crises and the persistent risk of viral mutations. To combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, researchers have explored new approaches to identifying potential targets for coronaviruses. This study aimed to identify SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors using drug repurposing. In silico studies and network pharmacology were conducted to validate targets and coronavirus-associated diseases to select potential candidates, and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the antiviral effects of the candidate drugs to elucidate the mechanisms of the viruses at the molecular level and determine the effective antiviral drugs for them. Plaque and cytopathic effect reduction were evaluated, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription was used to evaluate the antiviral activity of the candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Finally, a comparison was made between the molecular docking binding affinities of fenofibrate and remdesivir (positive control) to conventional and identified targets validated from protein–protein interaction (PPI). Seven candidate drugs were obtained based on the biological targets of the coronavirus, and potential targets were identified by constructing complex disease targets and PPI networks. Among the candidates, fenofibrate exhibited the strongest inhibition effect 1 h after Vero E6 cell infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study identified potential targets for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and SARS-CoV-2 and suggested fenofibrate as a potential therapy for COVID-19.

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Antiviral effects of heme oxygenase-1 against canine coronavirus and canine influenza virus in vitro
Jae-Hyeong Kim, Dong-Hwi Kim, Kyu-Beom Lim, Joong-Bok Lee, Seung-Yong Park, Chang-Seon Song, Sang-Won Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Do-Geun Kim, Hun-Young Yoon, In-Soo Choi
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(5): e2501029. CrossRef
In silico analysis of ion channels and lipid metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients
John P. George, K.T.Shreya Parthasarathi, Kiran Bharat Gaikwad, Shweta Rana, Vibha Gupta, Punit Kaur, Akhilesh Pandey, Harpreet Singh, Jyoti Sharma
In Silico Research in Biomedicine.2025; 1: 100141. CrossRef
Differential Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Immune Evasion: Insights from Delta and Kappa Variants
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(12): 2506. CrossRef
Distinctive Combinations of RBD Mutations Contribute to Antibody Evasion in the Case of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Sunggeun Goo, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(12): 1587. CrossRef

Therapeutic potential of an AcHERV-HPV L1 DNA vaccine: Hee-Jung Lee , Jong Kwang Yoon , Yoonki Heo , Hansam Cho , Yeondong Cho , Yongdae Gwon , Kang Chang Kim , Jiwon Choi , Jae Sung Lee , Yu-Kyoung Oh , Young Bong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(6):415-420. Published online May 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5150-0

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Abstract PDF

Cervical cancer is strongly associated with chronic human papillomavirus infections, among which HPV16 is the most common. Two commercial HPV vaccines, Gardasil and Cervarix are effective for preventing HPV infection, but cannot be used to treat existing HPV infections. Previously, we developed a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-enveloped recombinant baculovirus capable of delivering the L1 genes of HPV types 16, 18, and 58 (AcHERV-HP16/18/58L1, AcHERV-HPV). Intramuscular administration of AcHERVHPV vaccines induced a strong cellular immune response as well as a humoral immune response. In this study, to examine the therapeutic effect of AcHERV-HPV in a mouse model, we established an HPV16 L1 expressing tumor cell line. Compared to Cervarix, immunization with AcHERVHPV greatly enhanced HPV16 L1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in C57BL/6 mice. Although vaccination could not remove preexisting tumors, strong CTL activity retarded the growth of inoculated tumor cells. These results indicate that AcHERV-HPV could serve as a potential therapeutic DNA vaccine against concurrent infection with HPV 16, 18, and 58.

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Current Updates on Cancer-Causing Types of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) in East, Southeast, and South Asia
Chichao Xia, Sile Li, Teng Long, Zigui Chen, Paul K. S. Chan, Siaw Shi Boon
Cancers.2021; 13(11): 2691. CrossRef
In Silico Design and Immunological Studies of Two Novel Multiepitope DNA-Based Vaccine Candidates Against High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses
Matin Kayyal, Azam Bolhassani, Zahra Noormohammadi, Majid Sadeghizadeh
Molecular Biotechnology.2021; 63(12): 1192. CrossRef
Unraveling the Genome-Wide Impact of Recombinant Baculovirus Infection in Mammalian Cells for Gene Delivery
Ha Youn Shin, Hanul Choi, Nahyun Kim, Nayoung Park, Heesun Kim, Jaebum Kim, Young Bong Kim
Genes.2020; 11(11): 1306. CrossRef
Treatment with Radix Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Significantly Decreases the Expression of E6 and L1, and Increases the Expression of p53 and Rb in HPV18-infected Human Foreskin Keratinocytes
Xiang He, Xufeng He, Ping Xu, Lili Yang, Xin Ma, Wen Li, Huimin Zhang
Current Molecular Medicine.2019; 19(1): 20. CrossRef
Trial watch: DNA-based vaccines for oncological indications
Stefano Pierini, Renzo Perales-Linares, Mireia Uribe-Herranz, Jonathan G. Pol, Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer, Andrea Facciabene, Lorenzo Galluzzi
OncoImmunology.2017; 6(12): e1398878. CrossRef
Broad-spectrum antiviral properties of andrographolide
Swati Gupta, K. P. Mishra, Lilly Ganju
Archives of Virology.2017; 162(3): 611. CrossRef

Identification of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) packaging sequence and development of PERV packaging viral vector system: Jiwon Choi , Hoon-mi Kim , Jong Kwang Yoon , Yeondong Cho , Hee-Jung Lee , Kang Chang Kim , Chang-Kyu Kim , Gye-Woong Kim , Young Bong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(5):348-353. Published online May 3, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5134-0

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Abstract PDF

Studies of the retroviruses have focused on the specific interaction of the nucleocapsid protein with a packaging signal in the viral RNA as important for this selectivity, but the packaging signal in porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) has not been defined. Herein, we identified and analyzed this packaging signal in PERV and found hairpin structures with conserved tetranucleotides in their loops and nucleocapsid recognition sequences; both of which are key elements in the viral packaging signal of MLV. We evaluated packaging efficiency of sequence variants isolated from viral and proviral integrated genomes. All viral packaging sequences (Ψ) were identical, while five distinct packaging sequences were identified from proviral sources. One proviral sequence (Ψ1) was identical to that of the viral Ψ and had the highest packaging efficiency. Three variants (Ψ2, Ψ3, Ψ4) maintained key elements of the viral packaging signal, but had nucleotide replacements and consequently demonstrated reduced packaging efficiency. Despite of the same overall hairpin structure, the proviral variant (Ψ5) had only one GACG sequence in the hairpin loop and showed the lowest packaging efficiency other than ΔΨ, in which the essential packaging sequence was removed. This result, thus, defined the packaging sequences in PERV and emphasized the importance of nucleotide sequence and RNA structure in the determination of packaging efficiency. In addition, we demonstrate efficient infection and gene expression from the PERVbased viral vector, which may serve as a novel alternative to current retroviral expression systems.

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Characterization of porcine endogenous retrovirus insertion in Jeju native pigs and commercial breeds
Seungwon Yoon, Mrinmoy Ghosh, Myeongyeon Shin, Hyunyong Choi, Cheol-Ho Hyun, Dae Cheol Kim, Shin Ji Lee, Min Jee An, Young-Ok Son, Chang-Gi Hur
Animal Bioscience.2025; 38(12): 2741. CrossRef
Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) – Molecular Structure and Replication Strategy in the Context of Retroviral Infection Risk of Human Cells
Krzysztof Łopata, Emilia Wojdas, Roman Nowak, Paweł Łopata, Urszula Mazurek
Frontiers in Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Comparison of JEV Neutralization Assay Using Pseudotyped JEV with the Conventional Plaque-Reduction Neutralization Test: Hee-Jung Lee , Kyung-Il Min , Ki Hoon Park , Hyo Jung Choi , Min-Kyoung Kim , Chi-Young Ahn , Young-Jin Hong , Young Bong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(5):435-440. Published online March 7, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3529-y

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Abstract PDF

We previously reported the development of a neutralization assay system for evaluating Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) neutralizing antibody (NAb) using pseudotyped-JEV (JEV- PV). JEV-PV-based neutralization assay offers several advan-tages compared with the current standard plaque-reduc-tion neutralization test (PRNT), including simplicity, safety, and speed. To evaluate the suitability of the JEV-PV assay as new replacement neutralization assay, we compared its repeatability, reproducibility, specificity, and correlated its results with those obtained using the PRNT. These analyses showed a close correlation between the results obtained with the JEV-PV assay and the PRNT, using the 50% plaque re-duction method as a standard for measuring NAb titers to JEV. The validation results met all analytical acceptance criteria. These results suggest that the JEV-PV assay could serve as a safe and simple method for measuring NAb titer against JEV and could be used as an alternative approach for assaying the potency of JEV neutralization.

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Role of pseudotyped viruses in understanding epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunity of viral diseases affecting both horses and humans
Rebecca L. Sedgwick, Ola ElBohy, Janet M. Daly
Virology.2024; 597: 110164. CrossRef
Correlation between pseudotyped virus and authentic virus neutralisation assays, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Diego Cantoni, Craig Wilkie, Emma M. Bentley, Martin Mayora-Neto, Edward Wright, Simon Scott, Surajit Ray, Javier Castillo-Olivares, Jonathan Luke Heeney, Giada Mattiuzzo, Nigel James Temperton
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Changes in age-specific seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus and impact of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in Korea
Byung Ok Kwak, Young Jin Hong, Dong Hyun Kim
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2022; 65(3): 108. CrossRef
Prevalence of Malaria and Chikungunya Co-Infection in Febrile Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wanida Mala, Polrat Wilairatana, Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui, Manas Kotepui
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2021; 6(3): 119. CrossRef
Development of a neutralization assay based on the pseudotyped chikungunya virus of a Korean isolate
Woo-Chang Chung, Kwang Yeon Hwang, Suk-Jo Kang, Jae-Ouk Kim, Moon Jung Song
Journal of Microbiology.2020; 58(1): 46. CrossRef
Retention of neutralizing antibodies to Japanese encephalitis vaccine in age groups above fifteen years in Korea
Hee-Jung Lee, Hanul Choi, Ki Hoon Park, Yuyeon Jang, Young-jin Hong, Young Bong Kim
International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2020; 100: 53. CrossRef
Graphene functionalized field-effect transistors for ultrasensitive detection of Japanese encephalitis and Avian influenza virus
Akanksha Roberts, Neha Chauhan, Saurav Islam, Subhasis Mahari, Bhaskar Ghawri, Ravi Kumar Gandham, S. S. Majumdar, Arindam Ghosh, Sonu Gandhi
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies against Japanese Encephalitis Virus among Adolescents and Adults in Korea: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Byung Ok Kwak, Young Se Kwon, Young Jin Hong, Chung Hyun Nahm, Woori Jang, Young Uh, Yong Gon Cho, Jimyung Kim, Myungshin Kim, Dong Hyun Kim
Vaccines.2020; 8(2): 328. CrossRef
The Functions and Mechanism of a New Oligopeptide BP9 from Avian Bursa on Antibody Responses, Immature B Cell, and Autophagy
Xiu Li Feng, Man Man Zong, Guang Fang Zhou, Yang Zheng, Yuan Nan Yu, Rui Bing Cao, Pu Yan Chen, Mei Yang
Journal of Immunology Research.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
MLKL Mediated Necroptosis Accelerates JEV-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice
Peiyu Bian, Xuyang Zheng, Li Wei, Chuantao Ye, Hong Fan, Yanhui Cai, Ying Zhang, Fanglin Zhang, Zhansheng Jia, Yingfeng Lei
Frontiers in Microbiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Carbon nanoparticle modified screen printed carbon electrode as a disposable electrochemical immunosensor strip for the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus
Suk Fun Chin, Lih Shan Lim, Suh Cem Pang, Magdline Sia Henry Sum, David Perera
Microchimica Acta.2017; 184(2): 491. CrossRef
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate Japanese encephalitis virus-induced neuroinflammation and mortality
Peiyu Bian, Chuantao Ye, Xuyang Zheng, Jing Yang, Wei Ye, Yuan Wang, Yun Zhou, Hongwei Ma, Peijun Han, Hai Zhang, Ying Zhang, Fanglin Zhang, Yingfeng Lei, Zhansheng Jia
Stem Cell Research & Therapy.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Primer Pairs and the Efficiency of RNA Extraction Procedures to Improve Noroviral Detection from Oysters by Nested Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction: Cheonghoon Lee , Sooryun Cheong , Hee-Jung Lee , Miye Kwon , Ilnam Kang , Eun-Gyoung Oh , Hong-Sik Yu , Soon-Bum Shin , Sang-Jong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):586-593. Published online November 3, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0047-4

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Noroviruses (NoV) are the key cause of acute epidemic gastroenteritis, and oysters harvested from NoVpolluted sea areas are considered as the significant vectors of viral transmission. To improve NoV detection from oyster using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of previously published primer pairs and the efficiency of different RNA extraction procedures. Among the primer pairs used for RT-PCR, the sensitivity of GIF1/GIR1-GIF2/GIR1 and GIIF1/GIIR1-GIIF2/GIIR1 was higher than that of other primer pairs used in nested RT-PCR for the detection of NoV genogroup I (NoV GI) and NoV GII from both NoV-positive stool suspension and NoVseeded oyster concentrates, respectively; the resulting products showed neither unspecific bands in the positive samples nor false-positive bands in the negative controls. The extraction of NoV RNA from oyster samples using a QIAamp? Viral RNA Mini kit with a QIAshredderTM Homogenizer pretreatment afforded more efficient recovery (mean recovery for NoV GI and GII, 6.4%) and the procedure was less time consuming (<30 min) than most other RNA extraction procedures. The results of RNA extraction procedure and primer pairs evaluated by nested RT-PCR assay in this study can be useful for monitoring NoV contamination in oysters, which is an indicator of possible public health risks.

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Development of an RNA Extraction Protocol for Norovirus from Raw Oysters and Detection by qRT-PCR and Droplet-Digital RT-PCR
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A Refinement of an International Standard Method (ISO/TS 15216–2:2013) to Allow Extraction and Concentration of Human Enteric Viruses from Tissues of Edible Snail Species
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Genetic diversity of noroviruses detected in oysters in Jinhae Bay, Korea
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