- Characterization of NpgA, a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase of Aspergillus nidulans, and evidence of its involvement in fungal growth and formation of conidia and cleistothecia for development
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Jung-Mi Kim , Ha-Yeon Song , Hyo-Jin Choi , Kum-Kang So , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Keon-Sang Chae , Dong-Min Han , Kwang-Yeop Jahng
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):21-31. Published online January 4, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4657-8
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The null pigmentation mutant (npgA1) in Aspergillus nidulans
results
in a phenotype with colorless organs, decreased branching
growth, delayed of asexual spore development, and
aberrant cell wall structure. The npgA gene was isolated from
A. nidulans to investigate these pleiomorphic phenomena of
npgA1 mutant. Sequencing analysis of the complementing
gene indicated that it contained a 4-phosphopantetheinyl
transferase (PPTase) superfamily domain. Enzymatic assay
of the PPTase, encoded by the npgA gene, was implemented
in vivo and in vitro. Loss-of-function of LYS5, which encoded
a PPTase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was functionally complemented
by NpgA, and Escherichia coli-derived NpgA revealed
phosphopantetheinylation activity with the elaboration
of 35-ADP. Deletion of the npgA gene caused perfectly
a lethal phenotype and the absence of asexual/sexual sporulation
and secondary metabolites such as pigments in A.
nidulans. However, a cross feeding effect with A. nidulans wild
type allowed recovery from deletion defects, and phased-culture
filtrate from the wild type were used to verify that the
npgA gene was essential for formation of metabolites needed
for development as well as growth. In addition, forced expression
of npgA promoted the formation of conidia and cleistothecia
as well as growth. These results indicate that the
npgA gene is involved in the phosphopantetheinylation required
for primary biological processes such as growth,
asexual/sexual development, and the synthesis of secondary
metabolites in A. nidulans.
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Citations
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- Mycoflora Dynamics Analysis of Korean Traditional Wheat-based Nuruk
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Jyotiranjan Bal , Suk-Hyun Yun , Ha-Yeon Song , Soo-Hwan Yeo , Jae Hyun Kim , Jung-Mi Kim , Dae-Hyuk Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(12):1025-1029. Published online November 29, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4620-0
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1,117
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The growing popularity of traditional Korean alcoholic beverages
has led to a demand for quality enhancement of the
traditional starter culture nuruk, which consists primarily
of wheat. Therefore, this study focused on mycoflora characterization
and the temporal variations in traditional wheatbased
nuruks fermented at two representative traditional temperature
conditions for 30 days. Nuruk A was fermented at a
constant temperature of 36°C for 30 days and nuruk B was
fermented at a high initial temperature of 45°C for 10 days
followed by 35°C for 20 days. The average mycoflora load in
the two different nuruk conditions did not vary significantly
between the 0 and 30 day cultures, and a maximum load of
8.39 log CFU/g was observed for nuruk A on culture day 3
and 7.87 log CFU/g for nuruk B on culture day 30. Within two
samples, pH was negatively correlated with temporal changes
in mycoflora load. The pH of nuruk A was significantly lower
than that of nuruk B at all of the time points evaluated. Culture-
dependent characterization led to the identification of
55 fungal isolates belonging to 9 genera and 15 species, with
the most prominent genera comprising Lichtheimia, Penicillium,
Trametes, Aspergillus, Rhizomucor, and Mucor. A total
of 25 yeast isolates were characterized belonging to 6 genera
and 7 species, the most prominent among which were Rhodotorula,
Pichia, Debaryomyces, Saccharomycopsis, and Torulospora.
Mycofloral community dynamics analysis revealed
that both samples A and B varied considerably with respect
to the fungal communities over a span of 30 days.
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