- Comparative study of the geographical spread of genogroup II porcine norovirus and human norovirus
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Eung Seo Koo , Yong Seok Jeong
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J. Microbiol. 2021;59(7):644-650. Published online July 1, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1218-1
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Livestock pigs and porcine norovirus could be candidate tools
for future studies on the geographic isolation of norovirus.
In this study, we provide the first evidence for geographic
isolation of the host as a determinant of the distribution of
subgenotypes of the porcine norovirus genogroup II (GII)
genotype 11. Environmental water samples were collected
from peri-urban streams and estuaries in South Korea between
2014 and 2020. In total, 488 GII region C sequences of
norovirus open reading frame 2 were isolated. A total of 14
genotypes were detected, two of which (GII.11 and GII.18)
corresponded to porcine norovirus. Five human norovirus
genotypes (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17) and one
porcine norovirus genotype (GII.11) comprised the subgenotypes.
Integrated analysis of seasonal and geographical factors
revealed that the possibility of the co-emergence of different
GII.11 subgenotypes in the same province was lower
than that of human norovirus subgenotypes in the same province.
Additional algorithms designed to eliminate potential
biases further supported the estimated restricted geographical
spread of the GII.11 subgenotypes. Fecal contamination
source tracking revealed low detection rates of porcine norovirus
in the absence of upstream pig farms. These results suggest
that a one-sided viral transmission route, mainly dependent
on indirect contact owing to the limited chance of direct
contact between geographically separated livestock pig populations,
may be responsible for the restricted geographical
spread of the GII.11 subgenotypes.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Swine Norovirus: Past, Present, and Future
Lara Cavicchio, Andrea Laconi, Alessandra Piccirillo, Maria Serena Beato
Viruses.2022; 14(3): 537. CrossRef
- Extended stability of cyclin D1 contributes to limited cell cycle arrest at G1-phase in BHK-21 cells with Japanese encephalitis virus persistent infection
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Ji Young Kim , Soo Young Park , Hey Rhyoung Lyoo , Eung Seo Koo , Man Su Kim , Yong Seok Jeong
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):77-83. Published online January 4, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4661-z
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996
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There is increasing evidence that many RNA viruses manipulate
cell cycle control to achieve favorable cellular environments
for their efficient replication during infection. Although
virus-induced G0/G1 arrest often delays early apoptosis temporarily,
a prolonged replication of the infected virus leads
host cells to eventual death. In contrast, most mammalian
cells with RNA virus persistent infection often escape cytolysis
in the presence of productive viral replication. In this study,
we demonstrated that the extended endurance of cyclin D1
was clearly associated with the suppression of glycogen synthase
kinase-3β (GSK-3β) expression in BHK-21 cells that are
persistently infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).
The G0/G1 arrest of these cells turned much loose compared
to the normal BHK-21 cells with JEV acute infection. After
cycloheximide treatment, cyclin D1 in the persistently infected
cells lasted several hours longer than those in acutely
infected cells. Furthermore, both p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, positive
regulators for cyclin D1 accumulation in the nucleus, were
suppressed in their expression, which contrasts with those
in JEV acute infection. Inhibition of the GSK-3β by lithium
chloride treatment rescued a significant number of cells from
cytolysis in JEV acute infection, which coincided with the
levels of cyclin D1 that escaped from proteolysis. Therefore,
the limitation of G1/S arrest in the BHK-21 cells with JEV persistent
infection is associated with the suppression of GSK-3β
expression, resulting in the extended duration of cyclin D1.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by - CMGC Kinases in Viral Infection and Human Disease
Oluwamuyiwa T. Amusan, Hongyan Guo
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Shuang Zhang, Lulu Zhu, Cuihong Hou, Hang Yuan, Sheng Yang, Mustafa Abdo Saif Dehwah, Lili Shi
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Yao Wang, Shuoxuan Zhao, Yang Chen, Tianying Wang, Chaorun Dong, Xiaoman Wo, Jian Zhang, Yanyan Dong, Weizhen Xu, Xiaofeng Feng, Cong Qu, Yan Wang, Zhaohua Zhong, Wenran Zhao
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Luis Filgueira, Nils Lannes
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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle
Ying Fan, Sumana Sanyal, Roberto Bruzzone
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Yuan Wang, Qing‐Jie Kong, Jin‐Chuan Sun, Xi‐Ming Xu, Yong Yang, Ning Liu, Jian‐Gang Shi
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Chun-Chun Liu, Yun-Na Zhang, Zhao-Yao Li, Jin-Xiu Hou, Jing Zhou, Lin Kan, Bin Zhou, Pu-Yan Chen, Julie K. Pfeiffer
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Hao Xu, Zhi-Feng Miao, Zhen-Ning Wang, Ting-Ting Zhao, Ying-Ying Xu, Yong-Xi Song, Jin-Yu Huang, Jun-Yan Zhang, Xing-Yu Liu, Jian-Hua Wu, Hui-Mian Xu
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- Reliability of Non-Culturable Virus Monitoring by PCR-Based Detection Methods in Environmental Waters Containing Various Concentrations of Target RNA
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Eung Seo Koo , Chang-Hoon Yoo , Youjin Na , Soo Young Park , Hey Rhyoung Lyoo , Yong Seok Jeong
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):726-734. Published online November 4, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2279-y
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644
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Owing to the lack of practical cell culture system for human noroviruses (HuNoV), various detection methods based on conventional reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and the quantitative real-time PCR have been major tools for monitoring environmental water safety. In this study, we showed that the proportion of water sample concentrates used for one-step RT-PCR significantly influences false-negative findings of the non-culturable viruses. In total, 59 archived samples of previously analyzed water concentrates were reexamined for HuNoV RNA by the one-step RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR. Using new aliquots for RNA extraction for every trial, up to 20 PCR trials were performed for each archive to determine whether the crosscheck results supported the previous determinations. We reconfirmed that 27.6% (8/29) of the samples were HuNoV-positive samples: 6.7% (1/15) from groundwater, 33.3% (3/9) from river water, and 80% (4/5) from treated sewage effluent (TSE). These results corresponded to the ratio of previously negative HuNoV samples now identified as positive (8/30): 6.7% (1/15) from groundwater, 20% (1/5) from river water, and 60% (6/10) from TSE. To elucidate the cause of these results, 16 different concentrations of murine norovirus (MNV) RNA (from 2×102 to 8×103 copies, divided into 10 tubes for each concentration) were subjected to one-step RT-PCR. The detection frequency and reproducibility decreased sharply when the number of MNV RNA copies fell below threshold levels. These observations suggest that the proportion of water concentrate used for PCR-based detection should be considered carefully when deciding viral presence in certain types of environmental water, particularly in regard with legal controls.
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