- Role of bacterial γ-glutamyltranspeptidase as a novel virulence factor in bone-resorbing pathogenesis
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Jinmoon Kim , Sungil Jang , Aeryun Kim , Hanfu Su , Niluka Gunawardhana , Yeong-Eui Jeon , Eun Jung Bak , Ji-Hye Kim , Jeong-Heon Cha
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J. Microbiol. 2016;54(5):396-402. Published online April 20, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6137-1
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Mammalian γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) has been identified
as a bone-resorbing factor. Since GGT of Bacillus subtilis
exhibits similarity in their primary structure and enzymatic
characteristics with mammalian GGTs, the bone-resorbing
activity of bacterial GGT was examined in this study. Osteoclastogenesis
was performed in a co-culture system of mouse
calvaria-derived osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. A conditioned
medium from GGT-overproducing B. subtilis culture
showed significantly higher activity of osteoclast formation
than a conditioned medium from wild-type B. subtilis culture.
Recombinant GGT (rGGT) of wild-type B. subtilis and an
enzymatic activity-defected rGGT of B. subtilis 2288 mutant
were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using His tag.
Both purified rGGTs induced similar levels of osteoclastogenesis,
suggesting that B. subtilis GGT possesses virulent boneresorbing
activity and its activity is probably independent of
its enzymatic activity. Furthermore, a recombinant protein of
B. subtilis GGT heavy subunit (Bs rGGT/H) showed strong
activity of osteoclastogenesis while the light subunit failed to
show strong activity, suggesting that the bone-resorbing activity
is mainly located at the heavy subunit. More importantly,
the GGT enzymatic activity may not be required for this virulence
activity since the light subunit contains the catalytic
pocket. In addition, B. subtilis rGGT stimulated mRNA expressions
of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
(RANKL) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), while an
osteoprotegerin inhibited the osteoclast formation induced by Bs rGGT/H. This is the first demonstration that bacterial
GGT itself is sufficient to act as a bone-resorbing virulence
factor via RANKL-dependent pathway. Therefore, it can be
hypothesized that GGT of periodontopathic bacteria may play
an important role as a virulence factor in bone destruction.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Bacterial Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, an Emerging Biocatalyst: Insights Into Structure–Function Relationship and Its Biotechnological Applications
Meenu Saini, Amuliya Kashyap, Shruti Bindal, Kuldeep Saini, Rani Gupta
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Quantitative analysis of γ-glutamylpeptides by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and application for γ-glutamyltransferase assays
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- Induction of IL-8 in Periodontal Ligament Cells by H2O2
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Yang-Sin Lee , Eun Jung Bak , Minyoung Kim , Wonse Park , Jeong Taeg Seo , Yun-Jung Yoo
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J. Microbiol. 2008;46(5):579-584. Published online October 31, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0182-3
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774
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Abstract
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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacteria. In periodontitis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released from inflammatory cells in response to bacteria. Interleukin (IL)-8 is one of pro-inflammatory cytokines. To investigate the role of ROS in pathogenesis of periodontitis, we estimated the effect of H2O2,
one of ROS, on the expression of IL-8 in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. PDL cells were treated with H2O2. IL-8 expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) was estimated by Western blotting. Treatment with H2O2 at concentration of up to 250 μM increased IL-8 mRNA expression and production in a concentration-dependent manner. However, treatment with 500 μM H2O2 did not increase IL-8 production. Catalase, an inhibitor of H2O2, down-regulated the production of IL-8 induced by H2O2. H2O2 increased the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK. Pretreatment with PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor), or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) decreased the IL-8 production induced by H2O2. These results indicate that H2O2 acts as an inducer of IL-8 secretion via activation
of ERK, p38, and JNK in PDL cells. H2O2 deposited in periodontal tissue during inflammation against bacteria may accelerate tissue destruction via induction of IL-8 in PDL cells.
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