- Genomic surveillance links livestock production with the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico
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Enrique Jesús Delgado-Suárez , Rocío Ortíz-López , Wondwossen A. Gebreyes , Marc W. Allard , Francisco Barona-Gómez , María Salud Rubio-Lozano
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(4):271-280. Published online February 5, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8421-3
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 Abstract
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Multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS)
is increasingly common worldwide. While food animals are
thought to contribute to the growing antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) problem, limited data is documenting this relationship,
especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).
Herein, we aimed to assess the role of non-clinical NTS of bovine
origin as reservoirs of AMR genes of human clinical significance.
We evaluated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR
profiles in a set of 44 bovine-associated NTS. For comparative
purposes, we also included genotypic AMR data of additional
isolates from Mexico (n = 1,067) that are publicly available.
The most frequent AMR phenotypes in our isolates involved
tetracycline (40/44), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26/44),
chloramphenicol (19/44), ampicillin (18/44), streptomycin
(16/44), and carbenicillin (13/44), while nearly 70% of the
strains were MDR. These phenotypes were correlated with
a widespread distribution of AMR genes (i.e. tetA, aadA,
dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, bla-TEM-1, blaCARB-2) against
multiple antibiotic classes, with some of them contributed by
plasmids and/or class-1 integrons. We observed different
AMR genotypes for betalactams and tetracycline resistance,
providing evidence of convergent evolution and adaptive AMR.
The probability of MDR genotype occurrence was higher in
meat-associated isolates than in those from other sources (odds
ratio 11.2, 95% confidence interval 4.5–27.9, P < 0.0001). The
study shows that beef cattle are a significant source of MDR NTS in Mexico, highlighting the role of animal production
on the emergence and spread of MDR Salmonella in LMIC.
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Citations
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