- Isolation, Characterization, and Abundance of Filamentous Members of Caldilineae in Activated Sludge
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Dae-No Yoon , Soo-Je Park , So-Jeong Kim , Che Ok Jeon , Jong-Chan Chae , Sung-Keun Rhee
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):275-283. Published online June 23, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9366-8
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Chloroflexi are currently believed to serve as backbone forming agents in the activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we isolated and characterized filamentous bacteria in the class Caldilineae of the phylum Chloroflexi in municipal WWTPs. Diversity analysis using Chloroflexi-specific 16S
rRNA gene clone libraries showed that 97% of the clones belonged to the subdivision Anaerolineae comprising the two classes Anaerolineae (95%) and Caldilineae (2%). Clones of Caldilineae were related to a thermophilic filament Caldilinea aerophila with 93% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. We obtained filamentous isolates classified into the class Caldilineae showing the best match to C. aerophila with 89% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Isolates showed no ability to assimilate glucose or N-acetylglucosamine or to degrade biopolymers
which were observed in filamentous Chloroflexi of WWTPs. The assessment of relative abundance based on quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that members of the class Caldilineae comprised 12-19% of the Chloroflexi in the activated sludge. Additionally, fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments showed
that diverse filamentous Caldilineae inhabit the activated sludge of municipal WWTPs. These findings yield insight into the role of filamentous mesophilic Caldilinea in stabilizing flocs of activated sludge in a wide range of WWTPs.
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- Microeukaryotic Diversity in Marine Environments, an Analysis of Surface Layer Sediments from the East Sea
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Soo-Je Park , Byoung-Joon Park , Vinh Hoa Pham , Dae-No Yoon , Si-Kwan Kim , Sung-Keun Rhee
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J. Microbiol. 2008;46(3):244-249. Published online July 5, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-007-0237-x
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Molecular techniques, based on clone library of 18S rRNA gene, were employed to ascertain the diversity of microeukaryotic organisms in sediments from the East Sea. A total of 261 clones were recovered from surface sediments. Most of the clone sequences (90%) were affiliated with protists, dominated by Ciliates (18%) and Dinoflagellates (19%) of Alveolates, phototrophic Stramenopiles (11%), and Cercozoa (20%). Many of the clones were related to uncultivated eukaryotes clones retrieved from anoxic environments with several highly divergent 18S rRNA gene sequences. However, no clones were related to cultivated obligate anaerobic protists. Protistan communities between subsurface layers of 1 and 9 cm shared 23% of total phylotypes which comprised 64% of total clones retrieved. Analysis of diversity indices and rarefaction curve showed that the protistan community within the 1 cm layer exhibited higher diversity than the 9 cm layer. Our results imply that diverse protists remain to be uncovered within marine benthic environments.
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