Journal of Microbiology

Chang-Keun Sung

3 Articles

The effects of fluctuating culture temperature on stress tolerance and antioxidase expression in Esteya vermicola: Yun-bo Wang , Wen-xing Pang , Xiao-na Yv , Jing-jie Li , Yong-an Zhang , Chang-keun Sung; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(2):122-126. Published online January 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4529-2

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The endoparasitic nematophagous fungus, Esteya vermicola, has shown great potential as a biological control agent against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Fluctuating culture temperatures can affect fungal yields and fungal tolerance to desiccation, UV radiation, H2O2, and heat stress, as well as antioxidase expression. To explore these effects, E. vermicola cultured under five temperature ranges, 26oC, 15-26oC, 26-35oC, 20-30oC, and 15-35oC, were compared. The cultures grown at lower temperatures showed better growth, stronger tolerance to desiccation, UV, and H2O2 stresses, and increased catalase expression, However, these cultures also showed weaker heat stress tolerance and lower superoxide dismutase expression than the higher-temperature cultures. In particular, the E. vermicola cultured at 20-30oC, i.e., fluctuating in a narrow range around the optimal temperature, showed the best performance. Therefore, for production in practical applications, this narrowly fluctuating, moderate temperature appears to be optimal for yield and stress tolerance in E. vermicola.

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The Biological Characteristics of Nematophagous Fungus Esteya vermicola Fxy121 Strain and Its Specific Detection
Xiaojian Wen, Yongxia Li, Fangtong Chen, Xuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Lin Huang, Xingyao Zhang
Journal of Basic Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Screening and Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation for Esteya vermicola, an Entomopathogenic Fungus Against the Major Forest Pest Pine Wood Nematode
Lanwen Zhang, Yongxia Li, Xiaojian Wen, Xuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Dongzhen Li, Yuqian Feng, Zhenkai Liu, Xingyao Zhang
Microorganisms.2025; 13(2): 434. CrossRef
Establishing Gene Expression and Knockout Methods in Esteya vermicola CBS115803
Zhijuan Hu, Chi Chen, Xinyao Zheng, Jingjie Yuan, Run Zou, Chengjian Xie
Molecular Biotechnology.2024; 66(10): 2872. CrossRef
Research Progress on Biocontrol of Pine Wilt Disease by Microorganisms
Guiming Dou, Dong-Hui Yan
Forests.2022; 13(7): 1047. CrossRef
Effect of culture conditions on conidia production and enhancement of environmental stress resistance of Esteya vermicola in solid‐state fermentation
Y. Zhu, Y. Mao, T. Ma, X. Wen
Journal of Applied Microbiology.2021; 131(1): 404. CrossRef
In vivo infection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by the fungus Esteya vermicola
Hai‐Hua Wang, Yun‐Bo Wang, Can Yin, Jie Gao, Ran Tao, Yu‐Lou Sun, Chun‐Yan Wang, Zhen Wang, Yong‐Xia Li, Chang‐Keun Sung
Pest Management Science.2020; 76(8): 2854. CrossRef
Research advance on Esteya vermicola, a high potential biocontrol agent of pine wilt disease
Wen Hui Chu, Qing Dou, Hong Long Chu, Hai Hua Wang, Chang Keun Sung, Chun Yan Wang
Mycological Progress.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

Biocatalytic Properties and Substrate-binding Ability of a Modular GH10 β-1,4-Xylanase from an Insect-symbiotic Bacterium, Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14: Do Young Kim , Dong-Ha Shin , Sora Jung , Jong Suk Lee , Han-Young Cho , Kyung Sook Bae , Chang-Keun Sung , Young Ha Rhee , Kwang-Hee Son , Ho-Yong Park; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(10):863-870. Published online October 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4390-8

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Abstract PDF

The gene (1350-bp) encoding a modular β-1,4-xylanase (XylU), which consists of an N-terminal catalytic GH10 domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module 2 (CBM 2), from Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14 was cloned and functionally characterized. The purified His-tagged recombinant enzyme (rXylU, 44.0 kDa) was capable of efficiently hydrolyze diverse xylosidic compounds, p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside, and pnitrophenyl- xylopyranoside when incubated at pH 5.5 and 65°C. Especially, the specific activities (649.8 U/mg and 587.0 U/mg, respectively) of rXylU toward oat spelts xylan and beechwood xylan were relatively higher than those (<500.0 U/mg) of many other GH10 homologs toward the same substrates. The results of enzymatic degradation of birchwood xylan and xylooligosaccharides (xylotriose to xylohexaose) revealed that rXylU preferentially hydrolyzed the substrates to xylobiose (>75%) as the primary degradation product. Moreover, a small amount (4%<) of xylose was detected as the degradation product of the evaluated xylosidic substrates, indicating that rXylU was a peculiar GH10 β-1,4- xylanase with substrate specificity, which was different from its retaining homologs. A significant reduction of the binding ability of rXylU caused by deletion of the C-terminal CBM 2 to various insoluble substrates strongly suggested that the additional domain might considerably contribute to the enzyme-substrate interaction.

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High Infectivity of an Endoparasitic Fungus Strain, Esteya vermicola, against Nematodes: Chun Yan Wang , Zhe Ming Fang , Bai Shen Sun , Li Juan Gu , Ke Qin Zhang , Chang-Keun Sung; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(4):380-389. Published online August 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-007-0122-7

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Abstract PDF

Esteya vermicola, as the first recorded endoparasitic fungus of pinewood nematodes, exhibits great potential as a biological agent against nematodes. However, only two strains of this species have been described so far. In this study, we identified a novel endoparasitic fungal strain, CNU 120806, isolated from infected nematodes in forest soil samples during a survey of nematophagous fungi in Korea. This strain showed similar morphological characteristics and infection mode with the two previously described strains of E. vermicola. All strains are characterized by the ability to produce two types of conidiogenous cells and conidia, and to parasitize nematodes with lunate adhesive conidia. Moreover, the CNU 120806 strain showed 100% identity with E. vermicola CBS 115803 when their partial sequences of 28S rRNA gene were compared. Molecular phylogenetic analysis further identified CNU 120806 as a strain of E. vermicola, by clustering CNU 120806 and E. vermicola CBS 115803 into a single subclade. Culture medium influenced the proportion of dimorphic CNU 120806 conidia, and further changed the adhesive and mortality rates of nematodes. The CNU 120806 strain exhibits high infection activity against nematodes on nutrient-rich PDA medium. Almost all tested nematodes were killed within 8~10 days after inoculation. This study provides justification for further research of E. vermicola, and the application and formulation of this fungus as a bio-control agent against nematodes.

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