Journal of Microbiology

Byung-Hak Song

3 Articles

Biological and Genetic Properties of SA14-14-2, a Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine That Is Currently Available for Humans: Byung-Hak Song , Gil-Nam Yun , Jin-Kyoung Kim , Sang-Im Yun , Young-Min Lee; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(4):698-706. Published online August 25, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2336-6

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a major cause of acute encephalitis, a disease of significance for global public health. In the absence of antiviral therapy to treat JEV infection, vaccination is the most effective method of preventing the disease. In JE-endemic areas, the most widely used vaccine to date is SA14-14-2, a live-attenuated virus derived from its virulent parent SA14. In this study, we describe the biological properties of SA14-14-2, both in vitro and in vivo, and report the genetic characteristics of its genomic RNA. In BHK-21 (hamster kidney) cells, SA14-14-2 displayed a slight delay in plaque formation and growth kinetics when compared to a virulent JEV strain, CNU/LP2, with no decrease in maximum virus production. The delay in viral growth was also observed in two other cell lines, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) and C6/36 (mosquito larva), which are potentially relevant to JEV pathogenesis and transmission. In 3-week-old ICR mice, SA14-14-2 did not cause any symptoms or death after either intracerebral or peripheral inoculation with a maximum dose of up to 1.5×103 plaqueforming units (PFU) per mouse. The SA14-14-2 genome consisted of 10977 nucleotides, one nucleotide longer than all the previously reported genomes of SA14-14-2, SA14 and two other SA14-derived attenuated viruses. This difference was due to an insertion of one G nucleotide at position 10701 in the 3' noncoding region. Also, we noted a significant number of nucleotide and/or amino acid substitutions throughout the genome of SA14-14-2, except for the prM protein-coding region, that differed from SA14 and/or the other two attenuated viruses. Our results, together with others’, provide a foundation not only for the study of JEV virulence but also for the development of new and improved vaccines for JEV.

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Bei Niu, Shi-Meng Liu, Shu-Jian Zhang, Yu-Ting Huang, Jian-Hui Zhang, Sen Hu, Zhi-Gao Bu, Rong-Hong Hua, Bo Zhang
Microbiology Spectrum.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
In Vitro Infection Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Established Porcine Cell Lines
Shakirat A. Adetunji, Dmitriy Smolensky, Dana N. Mitzel, Jeana L. Owens, Carol G. Chitko-McKown, Natalia Cernicchiaro, Leela E. Noronha
Pathogens.2021; 10(11): 1468. CrossRef
Japanese encephalitis virus live attenuated vaccine strains display altered immunogenicity, virulence and genetic diversity
Emily H. Davis, Andrew S. Beck, Li Li, Mellodee M. White, Marianne Banks Greenberg, Jill K. Thompson, Steven G. Widen, Alan D. T. Barrett, Nigel Bourne
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Comprehensive analysis of differential expression profiles via transcriptome sequencing in SH-SY5Y cells infected with CV-A16
Yajie Hu, Zhen Yang, Shenglan Wang, Danxiong Sun, Mingmei Zhong, Mudong Wen, Jie Song, Yunhui Zhang, Juan Carlos de la Torre
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241174. CrossRef
Genetic and neuroattenuation phenotypic characteristics and their stabilities of SA14-14-2 vaccine seed virus
Xinyu Liu, Danhua Zhao, Lili Jia, Hongshan Xu, Rui Na, Yonghong Ge, Shaoxiang Liu, Yongxin Yu, Yuhua Li
Vaccine.2018; 36(31): 4650. CrossRef
Differentiated Human SH-SY5Y Cells Provide a Reductionist Model of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Neurotropism
Mackenzie M. Shipley, Colleen A. Mangold, Chad V. Kuny, Moriah L. Szpara, Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin
Journal of Virology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Construction and characterization of a recombinant yellow fever virus stably expressing Gaussia luciferase
TELISSA C. KASSAR, TEREZA MAGALHÃES, JOSÉ V.J. S. JÚNIOR, AMANDA G.O. CARVALHO, ANDRÉA N.M.R. DA SILVA, SABRINA R.A. QUEIROZ, GIOVANI R. BERTANI, LAURA H.V.G. GIL
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências.2017; 89(3 suppl): 2119. CrossRef
Japanese encephalitis virus invasion of cell: allies and alleys
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Reviews in Medical Virology.2016; 26(2): 129. CrossRef
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Historically Important, Spatiotemporally Distinct, and Genetically Divergent Strains of Zika Virus: MR-766, P6-740, and PRVABC-59
Sang-Im Yun, Byung-Hak Song, Jordan C. Frank, Justin G. Julander, Irina A. Polejaeva, Christopher J. Davies, Kenneth L. White, Young-Min Lee
Genome Announcements.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
The Emerging Duck Flavivirus Is Not Pathogenic for Primates and Is Highly Sensitive to Mammalian Interferon Antiviral Signaling
Hong-Jiang Wang, Xiao-Feng Li, Long Liu, Yan-Peng Xu, Qing Ye, Yong-Qiang Deng, Xing-Yao Huang, Hui Zhao, E-De Qin, Pei-Yong Shi, George F. Gao, Cheng-Feng Qin, M. S. Diamond
Journal of Virology.2016; 90(14): 6538. CrossRef
Comparison of the live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SA14 -14-2 strain with its pre-attenuated virulent parent SA14 strain: similarities and differences in vitro and in vivo
Sang-Im Yun, Byung-Hak Song, Irina A. Polejaeva, Christopher J. Davies, Kenneth L. White, Young-Min Lee
Journal of General Virology.2016; 97(10): 2575. CrossRef
Genetic Determinants of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine Strain SA14-14-2 That Govern Attenuation of Virulence in Mice
Gregory D. Gromowski, Cai-Yen Firestone, Stephen S. Whitehead, M. S. Diamond
Journal of Virology.2015; 89(12): 6328. CrossRef
Profiling of Viral Proteins Expressed from the Genomic RNA of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Using a Panel of 15 Region-Specific Polyclonal Rabbit Antisera: Implications for Viral Gene Expression
Jin-Kyoung Kim, Jeong-Min Kim, Byung-Hak Song, Sang-Im Yun, Gil-Nam Yun, Sung-June Byun, Young-Min Lee, Xi Zhou
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(4): e0124318. CrossRef
Extended stability of cyclin D1 contributes to limited cell cycle arrest at G1-phase in BHK-21 cells with Japanese encephalitis virus persistent infection
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Journal of Microbiology.2015; 53(1): 77. CrossRef
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2015; 9(10): e0004081. CrossRef
Japanese encephalitis
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Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidates generated by chimerization with dengue virus type 4
Gregory D. Gromowski, Cai-Yen Firestone, Christopher T. Hanson, Stephen S. Whitehead
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Recovery of a chemically synthesized Japanese encephalitis virus reveals two critical adaptive mutations in NS2B and NS4A
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A Molecularly Cloned, Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine SA14-14-2 Virus: A Conserved Single Amino Acid in the ij Hairpin of the Viral E Glycoprotein Determines Neurovirulence in Mice
Sang-Im Yun, Byung-Hak Song, Jin-Kyoung Kim, Gil-Nam Yun, Eun-Young Lee, Long Li, Richard J. Kuhn, Michael G. Rossmann, John D. Morrey, Young-Min Lee, R. Mark L. Buller
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Inhibition of japanese encephalitis virus infection by flavivirus recombinant e protein domain III
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Virologica Sinica.2013; 28(3): 152. CrossRef

Packaging of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replicon RNA by a Stable Cell Line Expressing Its Nucleocapsid Protein: Byung-Hak Song , Jeong-Min Kim , Jin-Kyoung Kim , Han-Saem Jang , Gil-Nam Yun , Eun-Jin Choi , Jae-Young Song , Sang-Im Yun , Young-Min Lee; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(3):516-523. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1280-1

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Abstract PDF

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a member of the Arteriviridae family, is one of the most common and economically important swine pathogens. Although both live-attenuated and killed-inactivated vaccines against the virus have been available for a decade, PRRSV is still a major problem in the swine industry worldwide. To explore the possibility of producing single-round infectious PRRSV replicon particles as a potential vaccine strategy, we have now generated two necessary components: 1) a stable cell line (BHK/Sinrep19/PRRSV-N) that constitutively expresses the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein localized to the cytoplasm and the nucleolus and 2) a PRRSV replicon vector (pBAC/PRRSV/Replicon-ΔN) with a 177-nucleotide deletion, removing the 3′-half portion of ORF7 in the viral genome, from which the self-replicating propagation-defective replicon RNAs were synthesized in vitro by SP6 polymerase run-off transcription. Transfection of this replicon RNA into N protein-expressing BHK-21 cells led to the secretion of infectious particles that packaged the replicon RNA, albeit with a low production efficiency of 0.4×102 to 1.1×102 infectious units/ml; the produced particles had only single-round infectivity with no cell-to-cell spread. This trans-complementation system for PRRSV provides a useful platform for studies to define the packaging signals and motifs present within the viral genome and N protein, respectively, and to develop viral replicon-based antiviral vaccines that will stop the infection and spread of this pathogen.

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Research progress on the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
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Glycosylated protein 4-deficient PRRSV in complementing cell line shows low virus titer
Hao Guo, Wudong Gaowa, Hongzhe Zhao, Chunyu Liu, Lina Hou, Yongjun Wen, Fengxue Wang
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Resolution of the cellular proteome of the nucleocapsid protein from a highly pathogenic isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus identifies PARP-1 as a cellular target whose interaction is critical for virus biology
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Veterinary Microbiology.2015; 176(1-2): 109. CrossRef

Measurement of Antiviral Activities Using Recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus: Byung-Hak Song , Gyu-Cheol Lee , Chan-Hee Lee; J. Microbiol. 2000;38(4):255-259.

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Abstract PDF: For rapid and sensitive measurement of antiviral activities, application of a recombinant virus containing firefly luciferase gene was attempted. Recombinant human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) containing luciferase gene driven by HCMV late gene pp28 promoter (HCMV/pp28-luc) was used to test the antiviral activities of three known compounds and the result was compared with results from the conventional plaque assay for measuring the production of infectious viruses. When human fibroblast cells were infected with HCMV/pp28-luc, luciferase activity was observed at 2 days after infection and reached maximum at 6 days after infection, whereas the production of infectious virus was maximal at 4 days after infection. The antiviral activities of ganciclovir, acyclovir, and papaverine were measured in HFF cells infected with HCMV/pp28-luc and the luciferase activity was compared with the infectious virus titers. Luciferase activity decreased as the concentration of ganciclovir or papaverine increased, while there was a slight decrease in luciferase activity with acyclovir. The level of the decrease in luciferase activity was comparable to the level of decrease in the production of infectious virus. Therefore, the antiviral assay using recombinant virus HCMV/pp28-luc resulted in sensitivity similar to the conventional plaque assay with a significant reduction in assay time.

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