- D-Galactose as an autoinducer 2 inhibitor to control the biofilm formation of periodontopathogens
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Eun-Ju Ryu , Jaehyun Sim , Jun Sim , Julian Lee , Bong-Kyu Choi
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J. Microbiol. 2016;54(9):632-637. Published online August 31, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6345-8
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Abstract
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Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) is a quorum sensing molecule to which
bacteria respond to regulate various phenotypes, including
virulence and biofilm formation. AI-2 plays an important role
in the formation of a subgingival biofilm composed mostly of
Gram-negative anaerobes, by which periodontitis is initiated.
The aim of this study was to evaluate D-galactose as an inhibitor
of AI-2 activity and thus of the biofilm formation of
periodontopathogens. In a search for an AI-2 receptor of
Fusobacterium nucleatum, D-galactose binding protein (Gbp,
Gene ID FN1165) showed high sequence similarity with
the ribose binding protein (RbsB), a known AI-2 receptor of
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. D-Galactose was
evaluated for its inhibitory effect on the AI-2 activity of Vibrio
harveyi BB152 and F. nucleatum, the major coaggregation
bridge organism, which connects early colonizing commensals
and late pathogenic colonizers in dental biofilms. The
inhibitory effect of D-galactose on the biofilm formation of
periodontopathogens was assessed by crystal violet staining
and confocal laser scanning microscopy in the absence or
presence of AI-2 and secreted molecules of F. nucleatum.
D-Galactose significantly inhibited the AI-2 activity of V.
harveyi and F. nucleatum. In addition, D-galactose markedly
inhibited the biofilm formation of F. nucleatum, Porphyromonas
gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia induced by the
AI-2 of F. nucleatum without affecting bacterial growth. Our
results demonstrate that the Gbp may function as an AI-2
receptor and that galactose may be used for prevention of the
biofilm formation of periodontopathogens by targeting AI-2
activity.
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Citations
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- Antibacterial Effect of Electrolyzed Water on Oral Bacteria
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Sung-Hoon Lee , Bong-Kyu Choi
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J. Microbiol. 2006;44(4):417-422.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2411 [pii]
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Abstract
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This study investigated the antibacterial effect of electrolyzed water on oral bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Tap water was electrolyzed in a water vessel using platinum cell technology. The electrolyzed tap water (called Puri-water) was put in contact with five major periodontopathogens or toothbrushes contaminated with these bacteria for 30 sec. In addition, Puri-water was used as a mouthwash for 30 sec in 16 subjects and the antibacterial effect on salivary bacteria was evaluated. Puri-water significantly reduced the growth of all periodontopathogens in culture and on toothbrushes, and that of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva, when compared to the effect of tap water. It also significantly reduced mutans streptococci growing on mitis salivarius-bacitracin agar. Our results demonstrate that the electrolyzed tap water is effective as a mouthwash and for toothbrush disinfection.
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