Abstract
Minerals that contain ferric iron, such as amorphous Fe(III)
oxides (A), can inhibit methanogenesis by competitively accepting
electrons. In contrast, ferric iron reduced products,
such as magnetite (M), can function as electrical conductors
to stimulate methanogenesis, however, the processes and effects
of magnetite production and transformation in the methanogenic
consortia are not yet known. Here we compare the
effects on methanogenesis of amorphous Fe (III) oxides (A)
and magnetite (M) with ethanol as the electron donor. RNAbased
terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism
with a clone library was used to analyse both bacterial and
archaeal communities. Iron (III)-reducing bacteria including
Geobacteraceae and methanogens such as Methanosarcina
were enriched in iron oxide-supplemented enrichment cultures
for two generations with ethanol as the electron donor.
The enrichment cultures with A and non-Fe (N) dominated
by the active bacteria belong to Veillonellaceae, and archaea
belong to Methanoregulaceae and Methanobacteriaceae, Methanosarcinaceae
(Methanosarcina mazei), respectively. While
the enrichment cultures with M, dominated by the archaea belong
to Methanosarcinaceae (Methanosarcina barkeri). The
results
also showed that methanogenesis was accelerated in
the transferred cultures with ethanol as the electron donor during
magnetite production from A reduction. Powder X-ray
diffraction analysis indicated that magnetite was generated
from microbial reduction of A and M was transformed into
siderite and vivianite with ethanol as the electron donor. Our
data showed the processes and effects of magnetite production
and transformation in the methanogenic consortia, suggesting
that significantly different effects of iron minerals on
microbial methanogenesis in the iron-rich coastal riverine
environment were present.
Citations
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