Journal of Microbiology

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Comparative Phylogenetic Relationships and Genetic Structure of the Caterpillar Fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Its Host Insects Inferred from Multiple Gene Sequences: Qing-Mei Quan , Qing-Xia Wang , Xue-Li Zhou , Shan Li , Xiao-Ling Yang , Yun-Guo Zhu , Zhou Cheng; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(2):99-105. Published online February 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3391-y

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Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota: Ophiocordycipitaceae) is a native fungal parasite of Hepialidae caterpillars and one of the most economically important medicinal caterpillar fungi in China. However, little is known about the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between O. sinensis and its host insects. In this study, nuclear ITS and β-tubulin sequences from O. sinensis and mitochondrial COI, COII, and Cytb sequences from its hosts were analyzed across 33 populations sampled from five regions in China. Phylogenetically, both O. sinensis and its hosts were divided into three geographically correlated clades, and their phylogenies were congruent. Analysis of molecular variance and calculated coefficients of genetic differentiation revealed significant genetic divergence among the clades within both O. sinensis (FST=0.878, NST=0.842) and its hosts (FST=0.861, NST=0.816). Estimated gene flow was very low for O. sinensis (Nm=0.04) and the host insects (Nm=0.04) among these three clades. Mantel tests demonstrated a significant correlation (P<0.01) between the genetic distances for O. sinensis and its hosts, as well as a significant association (P<0.05) between geographic and genetic distances in both. The similar phylogenetic relationships, geographic distributions, and genetic structure and differentiation between O. sinensis and its hosts imply that they have coevolved.

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Genetic Diversity and Structure of Cordyceps sinensis Populations from Extensive Geographical Regions in China as Revealed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Markers: Hong-Hui Liang , Zhou Cheng , Xiao-Ling Yang , Shan Li , Zu-Quan Ding , Tong-Shui Zhou , Wen-Ju Zhang , Jia-Kuan Chen; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(5):549-556. Published online October 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0107-1

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Abstract PDF

Cordyceps sinensis is one of the most valuable medicinal caterpillar fungi native to China. However, its productivity is extremely limited and the species is becoming endangered. The genetic diversity of eighteen C. sinensis populations across its major distributing regions in China was evaluated by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 141 markers were produced in 180 individuals from the 18 populations, of which 99.3% were polymorphic. The low average of Shannon (0.104) and Nei index (0.07) of the 18 populations indicates that there are little genetic variations within populations. For all 18 populations, estimates of total gene diversity (HT), gene diversity within populations (HS), coefficient of genetic differentiation (GST), and gene flow (Nm) were 0.170, 0.071, 0.583, and 0.357, respectively. This pattern suggests that the genetic diversity of C. sinensis is low and most of the ISSR variations are found among populations with little gene exchange. The 18 populations are divided into five groups based on the genetic distance and the grouping pattern matches with the geographic distribution along the latitudinal gradient. The five groups show obvious difference in the GST and Nm values. Therefore, the genetic diversification of C. sinensis populations may be determined by geographic isolation and the combined effects of life history characters and the interaction with host insect species. The information illustrated by this study is useful for selecting in situ conservation sites of C. sinensis.

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