Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Superantigen SpeA attenuates the biofilm forming capacity of Streptococcus pyogenes: Anshu Babbar , Israel Barrantes , Dietmar H. Pieper , Andreas Itzek; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(7):626-636. Published online June 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8648-z

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Beta haemolytic Group A streptococcus (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes are strict human pathogens responsible for mild to severe fatal invasive infections. Even with enormous number of reports exploring the role of S. pyogenes exotoxins in its pathogenesis, inadequate knowledge on the biofilm process and the potential role of exotoxins in bacterial dissemination from matured biofilms has been a hindrance in development of effective and targeted treatments. Therefore, the present study was aimed in investigating the uncharted role of these exotoxins in biofilm process. Through our study the putative role of ciaRH in the SpeA dependent ablation of biofilm formation could be speculated and thus helping in bacterial dissemination. The seed-dispersal effect of SpeA was time and concentration dependent and seen to be consistent within various streptococcal species. Transcriptome analysis of SpeA treated S. pyogenes biofilms revealed the involvement of many transcriptional regulators (ciaRH) and response genes (luxS, shr, shp, SPy_0572), hinting towards specific mechanisms underlying the dispersal effect by SpeA. This finding opens up a discussion towards understanding a new mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes and might help in understanding the bacterial infections in a better way.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Comparative Analysis of Immune Responses to Mycobacterium abscessus Infection and Its Antigens in Two Murine Models: Bo-Young Jeon , Jeongyeon Kwak , Seung-Sub Lee , SangNae Cho , Chul Jae Won , Jin Man Kim , Sung Jae Shin; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(5):633-640. Published online October 24, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0139-1

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Abstract

Mycobacterium abscessus has been identified as an emerging pulmonary pathogen in humans. Because little is known regarding immune responses elicited by M. abscessus or its antigens, immunological responses were studied in two murine models subjected to intravenous (high-dose or systemic infection) or pulmonary (low-dose or local infection) inoculation with M. abscessus ATCC 19977. An overall comparison between the two models showed similar patterns of bacterial survival and host immune responses. The colonization of M. abscessus was the highest at 5 days post-infection (dpi) and its elimination was positively correlated with cell-mediated immunity in both challenges. However, an inverse relationship was observed between progressive inflammation and mycobacterial colonization levels in mice infected with a high dose at 14 dpi. Regarding antigens, culture filtrate (CF) of M. abscessus strongly induced IFN-γ secretion, whereas cellular extract (CE) antigen elicited strong antibody responses. The antibody response to M. abscessus antigens in mice subjected to low-dose infection increased when the cellular immune response decreased over 14 dpi. However, the antibody response for the high-dose infection increased promptly after the infection. In comparison of cytokine expression in lung homogenates after M. abscessus infection, Th1 and Th2 cytokines increased simultaneously in the high-dose infection, whereas only cell-mediated immunity developed in the low-dose pulmonary infection. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the immune response to M. abscessus infection according to systemic or pulmonary infection, but may also aid in immunological diagnosis and vaccine development.

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