Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

CalR Inhibits the Swimming Motility and Polar Flagellar Gene Expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Jingyang Chang, Yining Zhou, Miaomiao Zhang, Xue Li, Nan Zhang, Xi Luo, Bin Ni, Haisheng Wu, Renfei Lu, Yiquan Zhang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(12):1125-1132. Published online December 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00179-0

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus has two flagellar systems, the polar flagellum and lateral flagella, which are both intricately regulated by a multitude of factors. CalR, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, is sensitive to calcium (Ca) and plays a crucial role in regulating the virulence and swarming motility of V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, we have demonstrated that the deletion of calR significantly enhances the swimming motility of V. parahaemolyticus under low Ca conditions but not under high Ca conditions or in the absence of Ca. CalR binds to the regulatory DNA regions of flgM, flgA, and flgB, which are located within the polar flagellar gene loci, with the purpose of repressing their transcription. Additionally, it exerts an indirect negative control over the transcription of flgK. The overexpression of CalR in Escherichia coli resulted in a reduction in the expression levels of flgM, flgA, and flgB, while having no impact on the expression of flgK. In summary, this research demonstrates that the negative regulation of V. parahaemolyticus swimming motility by CalR under low Ca conditions is achieved through its regulation on the transcription of polar flagellar genes.

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A DHH/DHHA1 family 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-monophosphate (pAp) phosphoesterase Vp2835 is essential for regulating motility, biofilm formation and type III secretion system 1 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Chenzhi Zhuhuang, Chenxi Wang, Yu Sun, Min Chu, Menghua Yang, Guangzhi Xu
Food Bioscience.2025; 69: 106836. CrossRef
Chlorogenic Acid Targets Cell Integrity and Virulence to Combat Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Huan Liu, Jie Zhao, Yile Shi, Juanjuan Cao, Yanni Zhao
Foods.2025; 14(19): 3416. CrossRef
CalR is an activator of biofilm formation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Jingyang Chang, Yining Zhou, Miaomiao Zhang, Xue Li, Nan Zhang, Xi Luo, Bin Ni, Renfei Lu, Yiquan Zhang, Sophie Roussel
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
LtrA is critical for biofilm formation and colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on food-related surfaces
Shuhui Xiong, Nan Zhang, Hui Sun, Miaomiao Zhang, Xue Li, Xi Luo, Yiquan Zhang, Renfei Lu
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2025; 441: 111327. CrossRef

Application of fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking to discern fecal contamination in rivers exposed to low fecal inputs: Youfen Xu , Ganghua Han , Hongxun Zhang , Zhisheng Yu , Ruyin Liu; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):594-601. Published online April 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1651-9

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Abstract PDF

Community-based microbial source tracking (MST) can be used to determine fecal contamination from multiple sources in the aquatic environment. However, there is little scientific information on its application potential in water environmental management. Here, we compared SourceTracker and Fast Expectation-maximization Microbial Source Tracking (FEAST) performances on environmental water bodies exposed to low fecal pollution and evaluated treatment effects of fecal pollution in the watershed utilizing community-based MST. Our results showed that FEAST overall outperformed SourceTracker in sensitivity and stability, and was able to discern multi-source fecal contamination (mainly chicken feces) in ambient water bodies exposed to low fecal inputs. Consistent with our previous PCR/qPCR-based MST assays, FEAST analysis indicates that fecal pollution has been significantly mitigated through comprehensive environmental treatment by the local government. This study suggests that FEAST can be a powerful tool for accurately evaluating the contribution of multi-source fecal contamination in environmental water, facilitating environmental management.

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Novel Microbial Engraftment Trajectories Following Microbiota Transplant Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis
Daphne Moutsoglou, Aneesh Syal, Sharon Lopez, Elizabeth C Nelson, Lulu Chen, Amanda J Kabage, Monika Fischer, Alexander Khoruts, Byron P Vaughn, Christopher Staley
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrating microbial community dynamics and emerging contaminants (ECs) for precisely quantifying the sources in groundwater affected by livestock farming
Kai Liu, Jinrong Qiu, Chih-Huang Weng, Zhongen Tang, Renchuan Fu, Xiaojun Lin, Xiujuan Wang, Na Liu, Jingwen Zeng
Journal of Hazardous Materials.2025; 494: 138691. CrossRef
SourceApp: A Novel Metagenomic Source Tracking Tool that can Distinguish between Fecal Microbiomes Using Genome-To-Source Associations Benchmarked Against Mixed Input Spike-In Mesocosms
Blake G. Lindner, Katherine E. Graham, Jacob R. Phaneuf, Janet K. Hatt, Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis
Environmental Science & Technology.2025; 59(19): 9507. CrossRef
A Practical Framework for Environmental Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Freshwater Ecosystems
Irene Beltrán de Heredia, Itziar Alkorta, Carlos Garbisu, Estilita Ruiz-Romera
Antibiotics.2025; 14(8): 840. CrossRef
Maternal–to–neonatal microbial transmission and impact of prenatal probiotics on neonatal gut development
Lulu Meng, Ge Fan, Haishan Xie, Kian Deng Tye, Lianyi Xia, Huijuan Luo, Xiaomei Tang, Ting Huang, Jiaxin Lin, Guangyu Ma, Xiaomin Xiao, Zhe Li
Journal of Translational Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Faecal source apportionment using molecular methods: A proof of concept using the FEAST algorithm
Laura T. Kelly, Jack Sissons, Lucy Thompson, John K. Pearman
Water Research.2024; 266: 122365. CrossRef
Computational methods and challenges in analyzing intratumoral microbiome data
Qi Wang, Zhaoqian Liu, Anjun Ma, Zihai Li, Bingqiang Liu, Qin Ma
Trends in Microbiology.2023; 31(7): 707. CrossRef
Response and recovery mechanisms of river microorganisms to gradient concentrations of estrogen
Dan Qin, Yan Li, Nengwang Chen, Anyi Hu, Chang-Ping Yu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving the Identification of Fecal Contamination in Recreational Water through the Standardization and Normalization of Microbial Source Tracking
Megan N. Jamison, John J. Hart, David C. Szlag
ACS ES&T Water.2022; 2(12): 2305. CrossRef

Vibrio parahaemolyticus cqsA controls production of quorum sensing signal molecule 3-hydroxyundecan-4-one and regulatessensing signal molecule 3-hydroxyundecan-4-one and regulates colony morphology: Kui Wu , Yangyun Zheng , Qingping Wu , Haiying Chen , Songzhe Fu , Biao Kan , Yongyan Long , Xiansheng Ni , Junling Tu; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(12):1105-1114. Published online November 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9379-x

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Abstract PDF

In order to adapt to different environments, Vibrio parahaemolyticus employed a complicated quorum sensing system to orchestrate gene expression and diverse colony morphology patterns. In this study, the function of the putative quorum sensing signal synthase gene cqsA (VPA0711 in V. parahaemolyticus strain RIMD2210633 genome) was investigated. The cloning and expression of V. parahaemolyticus cqsA in Escherichia coli system induced the production of a new quorum sensing signal that was found in its culture supernatant. The signal was purified by high performance liquid chromatography
methods
and determined to be 3-hydroxyundecan- 4-one by indirect and direct mass spectra assays. The deletion of cqsA in RIMD2210633 changed V. parahaemolyticus colony morphology from the classical ‘fried-egg’ shape (thick and opaque in the center, while thin and translucent in the edge) of the wild-type colony to a ‘pancake’ shape (no significant difference between the centre and the edge) of the cqsAdeleted colony. This morphological change could be restored by complementary experiment with cqsA gene or the signal extract. In addition, the expression of opaR, a well-known quorum sensing regulatory gene, could be up-regulated by cqsA deletion. Our results suggested that V. parahaemolyticus used cqsA to produce 3-hydroxyundecan-4-one signal and thereby regulated colony morphology and other quorum sensing-associated behaviors.

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Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and phylogenetic profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the eastern coast of Shenzhen
Xian Qiang Lian, Guo Dong Liu, Miao Fen Huang, Qiu Hua Fan, Zi Dan Lin
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Quorum sensing signal synthases enhance Vibrio parahaemolyticus swarming motility
Fuwen Liu, Fei Wang, Yixuan Yuan, Xiaoran Li, Xiaojun Zhong, Menghua Yang
Molecular Microbiology.2023; 120(2): 241. CrossRef
Regulation of Virulence Factors Expression During the Intestinal Colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Jingyu Wang, Yuming Zhan, Han Sun, Xiaodan Fu, Qing Kong, Changliang Zhu, Haijin Mou
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2022; 19(3): 169. CrossRef
Supplementation of ex situ produced bioflocs improves immune response against AHPND in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae
Magdalena Lenny Situmorang, Umaporn Uawisetwathana, Sopacha Arayamethakorn, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri, Wanilada Rungrassamee, Haniswita Haniswita, Peter Bossier, Gede Suantika
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2022; 106(9-10): 3751. CrossRef
A novel finding of intra-genus inhibition of quorum sensing in Vibrio bacteria
Huong Thanh Hoang, Thuy Thu Thi Nguyen, Ha Minh Do, Thao Kim Nu Nguyen, Hai The Pham
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
CqsA-introduced quorum sensing inhibits type VI secretion system 2 through an OpaR-dependent pathway in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Kui Wu, Yongyan Long, Qian Liu, Wei Wang, Guoyin Fan, Hui Long, Yangyun Zheng, Xiansheng Ni, Shengen Chen, Haiying Chen, Shufen Shuai
Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 162: 105334. CrossRef
CqsA inhibits the virulence of Vibrio harveyi to the pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus)
Yaqiu Zhang, Yiqin Deng, Juan Feng, Zhixun Guo, Can Mao, Haoxiang Chen, Ziyang Lin, Jianmei Hu, Youlu Su
Aquaculture.2021; 535: 736346. CrossRef
Identification of LuxR Family Regulators That Integrate Into Quorum Sensing Circuit in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Xiaojun Zhong, Ranran Lu, Fuwen Liu, Jinjie Ye, Junyang Zhao, Fei Wang, Menghua Yang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Adaptations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Stress During Environmental Survival, Host Colonization, and Infection
Gururaja Perumal Pazhani, Goutam Chowdhury, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Vibrio alginolyticus influences quorum sensing-controlled phenotypes of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Panida Paopradit, Natta Tansila, Komwit Surachat, Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn
PeerJ.2021; 9: e11567. CrossRef
Dynamics and Microevolution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Populations in Shellfish Farms
Songzhe Fu, Qingyao Wang, Yixiang Zhang, Qian Yang, Jingwei Hao, Ying Liu, Bo Pang, Michael S. Rappe
mSystems.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

NMR-based metabolomics reveals the metabolite profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus under ferric iron stimulation: Jun Zhou , Chenyang Lu , Dijun Zhang , Chennv Ma , Xiurong Su; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(8):628-634. Published online July 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6551-z

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium endemic to coastal areas, and its pathogenicity has caused widespread seafood poisoning. In our previous research, the protein expression of V. parahaemolyticus in Fe3+ medium was determined using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Here, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to detect changes in the V. parahaemolyticus metabolome. NMR spectra were obtained using methanol-water extracts of intracellular metabolites from V. parahaemolyticus under various culture conditions, and 62 metabolites were identified, including serine, arginine, alanine, ornithine, tryptophan, glutamine, malate, NAD+, NADP+, oxypurinol, xanthosine, dCTP, uracil, thymine, hypoxanthine, and betaine. Among these, 21 metabolites were up-regulated after the stimulation of the cells by ferric iron, and 9 metabolites were down-regulated. These metabolites are involved in amino acid and protein synthesis, energy metabolism, DNA and RNA synthesis and osmolality. Based on these results, we conclude that Fe3+ influences the metabolite profiles of V. parahaemolyticus.

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Review

REVIEW] The Role of Type III Secretion System 2 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Pathogenicity: Hyeilin Ham , Kim Orth; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):719-725. Published online November 4, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2550-2

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Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative marine bacterial pathogen, is emerging as a major cause of food-borne illnesses worldwide due to the consumption of raw seafood leading to diseases including gastroenteritis, wound infection, and septicemia. The bacteria utilize toxins and type III secretion system (T3SS) to trigger virulence. T3SS is a multi-subunit needle-like apparatus used to deliver bacterial proteins, termed effectors, into the host cytoplasm which then target various eukaryotic signaling pathways. V. parahaemolyticus carries two T3SSs in each of its two chromosomes, named T3SS1 and T3SS2, both of which play crucial yet distinct roles during infection: T3SS1 causes cytotoxicity whereas T3SS2 is mainly associated with enterotoxicity. Each T3SS secretes a unique set of effectors that contribute to virulence by acting on different host targets and serving different functions. Emerging studies on T3SS2 of V. parahaemolyticus, reveal its regulation, translocation, discovery, characterization of its effectors, and development of animal models to understand the enterotoxicity. This review on recent findings for T3SS2 of V. parahaemolyticus highlights a novel mechanism of invasion that appears to be conserved by other marine bacteria.

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Frontiers in Microbiology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal Article

The Viable But Nonculturable State of Kanagawa Positive and Negative Strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Tonya C. Bates , James D. Oliver; J. Microbiol. 2004;42(2):74-79.; DOI: https://doi.org/2042 [pii]

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Abstract PDF: Ingestion of shellfish-associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the primary cause of potentially severe gastroenteritis in many countries. However, only Kanagawa phenomenon (hemolysin) positive (KP^+) strains of V. parahaemolyticus are isolated from patients, whereas >99% of strains isolated from the environment do not produce this hemolysin (i.e. are KP^-). The reasons for these differences are not known. Following a temperature downshift, Vibrio parahaemolyticus enters the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state wherein cells maintain viability but cannot be cultured on routine microbiological media. We speculated that KP^+ and KP^- strains may respond differently to the temperature and salinity conditions of seawater by entering into this state which might account for the low numbers of culturable KP^+ strains isolated from estuarine waters. The response of eleven KP^+ and KP^- strains of V. parahaemolyticus following exposure to a nutrient and temperature downshift in different salinities, similar to conditions encountered in their environment, was examined. The strains included those from which the KP^+ genes had been selectively removed or added. Our results indicated that the ability to produce hemolysin did not affect entrance into the VBNC state. Further, VBNC cells of both biotypes could be restored to the culturable state following an overnight temperature upshift.

Characteristics of Urease from Vibrio parahaemolyticus Possessing tdh and trh Genes Isolated in Korea: Young Hee Kim , Jong Sook Kim; J. Microbiol. 2001;39(4):279-285.

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Abstract PDF: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium associated with seafood gastroenteritis. An unusual strain of Kanagawa-positive urease producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus O1 : K1 was isolated from the environment and identified. A polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that this strain harbored both the tdh and trh genes. The urease from this strain was studied. Maximum urease production was induced in LB medium containing 0.2% urea, 0.5% glucose, 2% NaCl and pH 5.5 with 6 h of cultivation at 37 C under aeration. Purification of urease was achieved by the process of whole cell lysate, 65% ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography, Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration and oxirane activated Sepharose 6B-urea affinity chromatography with 203 fold purification and 2.2% yield. Analysis of the purified enzyme by SDS-PAGE demonstrated the presence of the subunits with a molecular weight of 85 kDa, 59 kDa, 41 kDa and the molecular weight for the native enzyme by nondenaturing PAGE and gel filtration chromatography was 255 kDa. The purified urease was stable at pH 7.5 and the optimal pH in HEPES buffer was 8.0. The enzyme was stable at 60 C for 2 h with a residual activity of 32%. The addition of 10 uM of NiCl_2 maintained stability for 30 min. The Km value of the purified enzyme was 35.6 mM in urea substrate. The TD_50 (median toxic dose) of the purified urease was 2.5 ug/ml on human leukemia cells.

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