Antibiotic treatment failure threatens our ability to control bacterial infections that can cause chronic diseases. Persister bacteria
are a subpopulation of physiological variants that becomes highly tolerant to antibiotics. Membrane proteins play crucial
roles in all living organisms to regulate cellular physiology. Although a diverse membrane component involved in persistence
can result in antibiotic treatment failure, the regulations of antibiotic persistence by membrane proteins has not been fully
understood. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding with regards to membrane proteins in
Gram-negative bacteria as a regulator for antibiotic persistence, highlighting various physiological mechanisms in bacteria.
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