Journal Articles
- Comparative Secretory Efficiency of Two Chitosanase Signal Peptides from Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli
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Tae-Yang Eom, Yehui Gang, Youngdeuk Lee, Yoon-Hyeok Kang, Eunyoung Jo, Svini Dileepa Marasinghe, Heung Sik Park, Gun-Hoo Park, Chulhong Oh
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J. Microbiol. 2024;62(12):1155-1164. Published online November 25, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00186-1
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The production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli is often challenged by cytoplasmic expression due to proteolytic degradation and inclusion body formation. Extracellular expression can overcome these problems by simplifying downstream processing and improving protein yields. This study aims to compare the efficiency of two Bacillus subtilis chitosanase signal peptides in mediating extracellular secretion in E. coli. We identified a naturally occurring mutant signal peptide (mCsn2-SP) from B. subtilis CH2 chitosanase (CH2CSN), which is characterized by a deletion of six amino acids in the N-region relative to the signal peptide (Csn1-SP) from B. subtilis CH1 chitosanase (CH1CSN). The CH1CSN and CH2CSN genes were cloned into the pET-11a vector and protein secretion was evaluated in E. coli BL21(DE3) host cells. Expression was induced with 0.1 mM and 1 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 30 °C for one and three days. CH2CSN showed higher secretion levels compared to CH1CSN under all experimental conditions, especially with 0.1 mM IPTG induction for 3 days, which resulted in a 2.37-fold increase in secretion. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that mCsn2-SP is capable of secreting human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD) in E. coli BL21(DE3) and successfully translocating it to the periplasmic region.
This study represents the inaugural investigation into the utilisation of a naturally modified signal peptide, thereby corroborating the assertion that signal peptide deletion variants can influence protein secretion efficiency.
Furthermore, the findings substantiate the proposition that such variants can serve as a viable alternative for the secretion of heterologous proteins in E.
coli.
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- Signal Peptides: From Molecular Mechanisms to Applications in Protein and Vaccine Engineering
Shuai Zhang, Zhihui He, Hui Wang, Jingbo Zhai
Biomolecules.2025; 15(6): 897. CrossRef
- Relaxed Cleavage Specificity of Hyperactive Variants of Escherichia coli RNase E on RNA I
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Dayeong Bae , Hana Hyeon , Eunkyoung Shin , Ji , Kangseok Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2023;61(2):211-220. Published online February 22, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00013-z
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375
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RNase E is an essential enzyme in Escherichia coli. The cleavage site of this single-stranded specific endoribonuclease is
well-characterized in many RNA substrates. Here, we report that the upregulation of RNase E cleavage activity by a mutation
that affects either RNA binding (Q36R) or enzyme multimerization (E429G) was accompanied by relaxed cleavage specificity.
Both mutations led to enhanced RNase E cleavage in RNA I, an antisense RNA of ColE1-type plasmid replication,
at a major site and other cryptic sites. Expression of a truncated RNA I with a major RNase E cleavage site deletion at the
5′-end (RNA I-
5) resulted in an approximately twofold increase in the steady-state levels of RNA I-
5 and the copy number
of ColE1-type plasmid in E. coli cells expressing wild-type or variant RNase E compared to those expressing RNA I. These
results
indicate that RNA I-
5 does not efficiently function as an antisense RNA despite having a triphosphate group at the
5′-end, which protects the RNA from ribonuclease attack. Our study suggests that increased cleavage rates of RNase E lead
to relaxed cleavage specificity on RNA I and the inability of the cleavage product of RNA I as an antisense regulator in vivo
does not stem from its instability by having 5′-monophosphorylated end.
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- Engineering an Escherichia coli based in vivo mRNA manufacturing platform
Edward Curry, George Muir, Jixin Qu, Zoltán Kis, Martyn Hulley, Adam Brown
Biotechnology and Bioengineering.2024; 121(6): 1912. CrossRef
- Amino acid residues in the Ler protein critical for derepression of the LEE5 promoter in enteropathogenic E. coli
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Su-Mi Choi , Jae-Ho Jeong , Hyon E. Choy , Minsang Shin
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J. Microbiol. 2016;54(8):559-564. Published online August 2, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6027-6
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358
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Enteropathogenic E. coli causes attaching and effacing (A/E)
intestinal lesions. The genes involved in the formation of A/E
lesions are encoded within a chromosomal island comprising
of five major operons, LEE1-5. The global regulator H-NS
represses the expression of these operons. Ler, a H-NS homologue,
counteracts the H-NS–mediated repression. Using a
novel genetic approach, we identified the amino acid residues
in Ler that are involved in the interaction with H-NS: I20 and
L23 in the C-terminal portion of α-helix 3, and I42 in the
following unstructured linker region.
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- Regulation of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement in Attaching and Effacing Pathogens
R. Christopher D. Furniss, Abigail Clements, William Margolin
Journal of Bacteriology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- Effect of promoter-upstream sequence on σ38-dependent stationary phase gene transcription
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Hyung-Ju Lim , Kwangsoo Kim , Minsang Shin , Jae-Ho Jeong , Phil Youl Ryu , Hyon E. Choy
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):250-255. Published online April 8, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4681-8
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371
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σ38 in Escherichia coli is required for expression of a subset
of stationary phase genes. However, the promoter elements
for σ38-dependent genes are virtually indistinguishable from
that for σ70-dependent house-keeping genes. hdeABp is a
σ38-dependent promoter and LEE5p is a σ70-dependent
promoter, but both are repressed by H-NS, a bacterial histone-
like protein, which acts at promoter upstream sequence.
We swapped the promoter upstream sequences of the two
promoters and found that the σ dependency was switched.
This was further verified using lacUV5 core promoter. The
results
suggested that the determinant for σ38-dependent
promoter lies in the promoter upstream sequence.
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- Sequence-dependent model of genes with dual σ factor preference
Ines S.C. Baptista, Vinodh Kandavalli, Vatsala Chauhan, Mohamed N.M. Bahrudeen, Bilena L.B. Almeida, Cristina S.D. Palma, Suchintak Dash, Andre S. Ribeiro
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms.2022; 1865(3): 194812. CrossRef - Function Enhancement of a Metabolic Module via Endogenous Promoter Replacement for Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q to Degrade Nicotine in Tobacco Waste Treatment
Jun Li, Fengmei Yi, Guoqing Chen, Fanda Pan, Yang Yang, Ming Shu, Zeyu Chen, Zeling Zhang, Xiaotong Mei, Weihong Zhong
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.2021; 193(9): 2793. CrossRef - Recent advances in genetic engineering tools based on synthetic biology
Jun Ren, Jingyu Lee, Dokyun Na
Journal of Microbiology.2020; 58(1): 1. CrossRef
- Low-Scale Expression and Purification of an Active Putative Iduronate 2-Sulfate Sulfatase-Like Enzyme from Escherichia coli K12
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Edwin David Morales-Álvarez , Claudia Marcela Rivera-Hoyos , Angélica María Baena-Moncada , Patricia Landázuri , Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales , Homero Sáenz-Suárez , Luis A. Barrera , Olga Y. Echeverri-Peña
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):213-221. Published online April 27, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2416-2
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327
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13
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The sulfatase family involves a group of enzymes with a large degree of similarity. Until now, sixteen human sulfatases have been identified, most of them found in lysosomes. Human deficiency of sulfatases generates various genetic disorders
characterized by abnormal accumulation of sulfated intermediate compounds. Mucopolysaccharidosis type II is characterized by the deficiency of iduronate 2-sulfate sulfatase (IDS), causing the lysosomal accumulation of heparan and
dermatan sulfates. Currently, there are several cases of genetic diseases treated with enzyme replacement therapy, which have generated a great interest in the development of systems for recombinant protein expression. In this work we expressed the human recombinant IDS-Like enzyme (hrIDS-Like) in Escherichia coli DH5α. The enzyme concentration revealed by ELISA varied from 78.13 to 94.35 ng/ml and the specific activity varied from 34.20 to 25.97 nmol/h/mg. Western blotting
done after affinity chromatography purification showed a single band of approximately 40 kDa, which was recognized by an IgY polyclonal antibody that was developed against the specific peptide of the native protein. Our 100 ml-shake-flask
assays allowed us to improve the enzyme activity seven fold, compared to the E. coli JM109/pUC13-hrIDS-Like system. Additionally, the results obtained in the present study were equal to those obtained with the Pichia pastoris GS1115/
pPIC-9-hrIDS-Like system (3 L bioreactor scale). The system used in this work (E. coli DH5α/pGEX-3X-hrIDS-Like) emerges as a strategy for improving protein expression and purification, aimed at recombinant protein chemical characterization,
future laboratory assays for enzyme replacement therapy, and as new evidence of active putative sulfatase production in E. coli.
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- A review on computational models for predicting protein solubility
Teerapat Pimtawong, Jun Ren, Jingyu Lee, Hyang-Mi Lee, Dokyun Na
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(1): e:2408001. CrossRef - Enhancement of the solubility of recombinant proteins by fusion with a short-disordered peptide
Jun Ren, Suhee Hwang, Junhao Shen, Hyeongwoo Kim, Hyunjoo Kim, Jieun Kim, Soyoung Ahn, Min-gyun Kim, Seung Ho Lee, Dokyun Na
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(9): 960. CrossRef - Characterization of mouse di-N-acetylchitobiase that can degrade chitin-oligosaccharides
Misa Ohno, Masao Miyazaki, Masahiro Kimura, Yusaku Minowa, Masayoshi Sakaguchi, Fumitaka Oyama, Tetsuro Yamashita
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry.2020; 84(12): 2499. CrossRef - Lysosomal sulfatases: a growing family
Torben Lübke, Markus Damme
Biochemical Journal.2020; 477(20): 3963. CrossRef - Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II: One Hundred Years of Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Francesca D’Avanzo, Laura Rigon, Alessandra Zanetti, Rosella Tomanin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(4): 1258. CrossRef - Therapeutic Options for Mucopolysaccharidoses: Current and Emerging Treatments
Kazuki Sawamoto, Molly Stapleton, Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz, Angela J. Espejo-Mojica, Juan Camilo Losada, Diego A. Suarez, Shunji Tomatsu
Drugs.2019; 79(10): 1103. CrossRef - Production and characterization of a human lysosomal recombinant iduronate‐2‐sulfatase produced inPichia pastoris
Natalia Pimentel, Alexander Rodríguez‐Lopez, Sergio Díaz, Juan C. Losada, Dennis J. Díaz‐Rincón, Carolina Cardona, Ángela J. Espejo‐Mojica, Aura M. Ramírez, Fredy Ruiz, Patricia Landázuri, Raúl A. Poutou‐Piñales, Henry A. Cordoba‐Ruiz, Carlos J. Alméciga‐
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry.2018; 65(5): 655. CrossRef - Research, diagnosis and education in inborn errors of metabolism in Colombia: 20 years’ experience from a reference center
Olga Y. Echeverri, Johana M. Guevara, Ángela J. Espejo-Mojica, Andrea Ardila, Ninna Pulido, Magda Reyes, Alexander Rodriguez-Lopez, Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz, Luis A. Barrera
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Anaerobic sulfatase maturase AslB from Escherichia coli activates human recombinant iduronate-2-sulfate sulfatase (IDS) and N -acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS)
Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz, Andrés Dario Tolosa-Díaz, Luisa Natalia Pimentel, Yahir Andres Bonilla, Alexander Rodríguez-López, Angela J. Espejo-Mojica, Juan D. Patiño, Oscar F. Sánchez, Janneth Gonzalez-Santos
Gene.2017; 634: 53. CrossRef - Prediction of glycation sites: new insights from protein structural analysis
Homero SÁENZ-SUÁREZ, Raúl A. POUTOU-PIÑALES, Janneth GONZÁLEZ-SANTOS, George E. BARRETO, Lynda P. RIETO-NAVARRERA, José A. SÁENZ-MORENO, Patricia LANDÁZURI, Luis A. BARRERA-AVELLANEDA
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY.2016; 40: 12. CrossRef - Bioinformatic Analysis of the Human Recombinant Iduronate 2-Sulfate Sulfatase
Edwin D. Morales-Álvarez, Claudia M. Rivera-Hoyos, Patricia Landázuri, Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales, Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
The Open Microbiology Journal.2016; 10(1): 124. CrossRef - Human recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in microorganisms
Ángela J. Espejo-Mojica, Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz, Alexander Rodríguez, Ángela Mosquera, Dennis Díaz, Laura Beltrán, Sergio Díaz, Natalia Pimentel, Jefferson Moreno, Jhonnathan Sánchez, Oscar F. Sánchez, Henry Córdoba, Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales, Luis A. Barre
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism.2015; 116(1-2): 13. CrossRef - Choline sulfatase from Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) meliloti: Characterization of the unmodified enzyme
Juan José Sánchez-Romero, Luis F. Olguin
Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports.2015; 3: 161. CrossRef
- Optimized Transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 Producing Leptomycin by Electroporation
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Yong-Qiang Fan , Hong-Jian Liu , Li Yan , Yu-Shi Luan , Hai-Meng Zhou , Jun-Mo Yang , Shang-Jun Yin , Yu-Long Wang
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(3):318-322. Published online April 26, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2428-y
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339
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Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 produces leptomycin derivatives. Leptomycin B, a potent and specific inhibitor against the export of nuclear proteins, is the main product; however, the introduction of DNA into this strain is almost impossible, which has impeded its further use. We developed a Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 transformation protocol to introduce foreign DNA via electroporation. Various conditions were examined, including treatments of the cell wall with weakening agents, electroporation parameters, and DNA content. We found that only plasmid DNA isolated from a dam- ET12567 strain resulted in successful transformation. The mycelium growing in a yeast-peptone-dextrose medium supplemented with 1% glycine at 28°C on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) was more dispersed than those without supplementation and prone to electroporation. The maximum transformation efficiency of 8×102 CFU/μg plasmid DNA was obtained at a field strength of 13 kV/cm with a time constant of 13 ms (25-μF capacitor; parallel resistance, 600 Ω) using 1-mm electrocuvettes. The results of the transformations of two other Streptomyces species indicated that the optimized conditions established in this study might only be applicable to Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366. However, this is the first report of successful transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366, and will facilitate the construction of a gene knockout mutant in Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 to produce series of new leptomycin derivatives.
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- High‐efficiency transformation of Streptococcus thermophilus using electroporation
Ling‐Hui Kong, Zhi‐Qiang Xiong, Yong‐Jun Xia, Lian‐Zhong Ai
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.2021; 101(15): 6578. CrossRef
- Development of SCAR Primers Based on a Repetitive DNA Fingerprint for Escherichia coli Detection
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Aphidech Sangdee , Sitakan Natphosuk , Adunwit Srisathan , Kusavadee Sangdee
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(1):31-35. Published online March 2, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2244-4
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231
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The present study aimed to use enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) fingerprints to design SCAR primers for the detection of Escherichia coli. The E. coli strains were isolated from various water sources. The primary presumptive identification of E. coli was achieved using MacConkey agar. Nineteen isolates were selected and confirmed to be E. coli strains based on seven biochemical characteristics. ERIC-PCR with ERIC 1R and ERIC 2 primers were used to generate DNA fingerprints. ERIC-PCR DNA profiles showed variant DNA profiles among the tested E. coli strains and distinguished all E. coli strains from the other tested bacterial strains. A 350 bp band that predominated in five E. coli strains was used for the development of the species-specific SCAR primers EC-F1 and EC-R1. The primers showed good specificity for E. coli, with the exception of a single false positive reaction with Sh. flexneri DMST 4423. The primers were able to detect 50 pg and 100 CFU/ml of genomic DNA and cells of E. coli, respectively.
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- Development of seven novel specific SCAR markers for rapid identification of Phytophthora sojae: the cause of root- and stem-rot disease of soybean
Qin Xiong, Jing Xu, Xinyue Zheng, Yu Zhu, Chen Zhang, Xiaoli Wang, Xiaobo Zheng, Yuanchao Wang
European Journal of Plant Pathology.2019; 153(2): 517. CrossRef - Development of SCAR markers for rapid and specific detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum races 1 and 2, using conventional and real-time PCR
Monika Kałużna, Pedro Albuquerque, Fernando Tavares, Piotr Sobiczewski, Joanna Puławska
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2016; 100(8): 3693. CrossRef - Genetic Diversity of Food-Isolated Salmonella Strains through Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR)
Imen Fendri, Amal Ben Hassena, Noel Grosset, Mohamed Barkallah, Lamia Khannous, Victoria Chuat, Michel Gautier, Radhouane Gdoura, A. Mark Ibekwe
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(12): e81315. CrossRef
- Genome-Wide Enrichment Screening Reveals Multiple Targets and Resistance Genes for Triclosan in Escherichia coli
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Byung Jo Yu , Jung Ae Kim , Hyun Mok Ju , Soo-Kyung Choi , Seung Jin Hwang , Sungyoo Park , EuiJoong Kim , Jae-Gu Pan
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):785-791. Published online November 4, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2439-0
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Abstract
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Triclosan is a widely used biocide effective against different microorganisms. At bactericidal concentrations, triclosan appears to affect multiple targets, while at bacteriostatic concentrations, triclosan targets FabI. The site-specific antibioticlike mode-of-action and a widespread use of triclosan in household products claimed to possibly induce cross-resistance to other antibiotics. Thus, we set out to define more systematically the genes conferring resistance to triclosan; A genomic library of Escherichia coli strain W3110 was constructed and enriched in a selective medium containing a lethal concentration of triclosan. The genes enabling growth in the presence of triclosan were identified by using a DNA microarray and confirmed consequently by ASKA clones overexpressing the selected 62 candidate genes. Among these, forty-seven genes were further confirmed to enhance the resistance to triclosan; these genes, including the FabI target, were involved in inner or outer membrane synthesis, cellsurface material synthesis, transcriptional activation, sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) systems, various transporter systems, cell division, and ATPase and reductase/dehydrogenase reactions. In particular, overexpression of pgsA, rcsA, or gapC conferred to E. coli cells a similar level of triclosan resistance induced by fabI overexpression. These results indicate that triclosan may have multiple targets other than well-known FabI and that there are several undefined novel mechanisms for the resistance development to triclosan, thus probably inducing cross antibiotic resistance.
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- Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review
Yuan Liang, Yiyao Gong, Qiuyan Jiang, Yifan Yu, Jie Zhang
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2023; 179: 113976. CrossRef - Family Sphingomonadaceae as the key executor of triclosan degradation in both nitrification and denitrification systems
Huihui Dai, Jingfeng Gao, Dingchang Li, Zhiqi Wang, Yingchao Cui, Yifan Zhao
Chemical Engineering Journal.2022; 442: 136202. CrossRef - Metagenomics combined with DNA-based stable isotope probing provide comprehensive insights of active triclosan-degrading bacteria in wastewater treatment
Huihui Dai, Jingfeng Gao, Dingchang Li, Zhiqi Wang, Wanjun Duan
Journal of Hazardous Materials.2021; 404: 124192. CrossRef - The food-grade antimicrobial xanthorrhizol targets the enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) in Escherichia coli
Yogiara, Elena A. Mordukhova, Dooil Kim, Won-Gon Kim, Jae-Kwan Hwang, Jae-Gu Pan
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.2020; 30(24): 127651. CrossRef - The key active degrader, metabolic pathway and microbial ecology of triclosan biodegradation in an anoxic/oxic system
Huihui Dai, Jingfeng Gao, Shijie Wang, Dingchang Li, Zhiqi Wang
Bioresource Technology.2020; 317: 124014. CrossRef -
Biocide Exposure Induces Changes in Susceptibility, Pathogenicity, and Biofilm Formation in Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
E. L. Henly, J. A. R. Dowling, J. B. Maingay, M. M. Lacey, T. J. Smith, S. Forbes
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Yeast: a microbe with macro-implications to antimicrobial drug discovery
Carl J. Balibar, Terry Roemer
Briefings in Functional Genomics.2016; 15(2): 147. CrossRef - Use of a predictive protocol to measure the antimicrobial resistance risks associated with biocidal product usage
Rebecca Wesgate, Pierre Grasha, Jean-Yves Maillard
American Journal of Infection Control.2016; 44(4): 458. CrossRef - Multiple adaptive routes of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium to biocide and antibiotic exposure
Tânia Curiao, Emmanuela Marchi, Denis Grandgirard, Ricardo León-Sampedro, Carlo Viti, Stephen L. Leib, Fernando Baquero, Marco R. Oggioni, José Luis Martinez, Teresa M. Coque
BMC Genomics.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Bacterial genome engineering and synthetic biology: combating pathogens
Malathy Krishnamurthy, Richard T. Moore, Sathish Rajamani, Rekha G. Panchal
BMC Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Escherichia coli ASKA Clone Library Harboring tRNA-Specific Adenosine Deaminase (tadA) Reveals Resistance towards Xanthorrhizol
Yogiara, Dooil Kim, Jae-Kwan Hwang, Jae-Gu Pan
Molecules.2015; 20(9): 16290. CrossRef - Development of a Protocol for Predicting Bacterial Resistance to Microbicides
Laura Knapp, Alejandro Amézquita, Peter McClure, Sara Stewart, Jean-Yves Maillard, G. T. Macfarlane
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2015; 81(8): 2652. CrossRef - Mutations upstream of fabI in triclosan resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are associated with elevated fabI gene expression
Denis Grandgirard, Leonardo Furi, Maria Laura Ciusa, Lucilla Baldassarri, Daniel R Knight, Ian Morrissey, Carlo R Largiadèr, Stephen L Leib, Marco R Oggioni
BMC Genomics.2015;[Epub] CrossRef - Polymorphic Variation in Susceptibility and Metabolism of Triclosan-Resistant Mutants of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Strains Obtained after Exposure to Biocides and Antibiotics
Tânia Curiao, Emmanuela Marchi, Carlo Viti, Marco R. Oggioni, Fernando Baquero, José Luis Martinez, Teresa M. Coque
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2015; 59(6): 3413. CrossRef - The impact of triclosan on the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment
Daniel E. Carey, Patrick J. McNamara
Frontiers in Microbiology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef - Triclosan-Induced Aminoglycoside-Tolerant Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Can Appear as Small-Colony Variants
Vicky G. Kastbjerg, Line Hein-Kristensen, Lone Gram
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2014; 58(6): 3124. CrossRef - Recent advances in the potential interconnection between antimicrobial resistance to biocides and antibiotics
Marco R Oggioni, Leonardo Furi, Joana R Coelho, Jean-Yves Maillard, José L Martínez
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2013; 11(4): 363. CrossRef
- NOTE] Biosynthetic Pathway for Poly(3-Hydroxypropionate) in Recombinant Escherichia coli
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Qi Wang , Changshui Liu , Mo Xian , Yongguang Zhang , Guang Zhao
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(4):693-697. Published online August 25, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2234-y
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291
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Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic. In this study, we engineered a P3HP biosynthetic pathway in recombinant Escherichia coli. The genes for malonyl-CoA reductase (mcr, from Chloroflexus aurantiacus), propionyl-CoA synthetase (prpE, from E. coli), and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaC1, from Ralstonia eutropha) were cloned and expressed in E. coli. The E. coli genes accABCD encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase were used to channel the carbon into the P3HP pathway. Using glucose as a sole carbon source, the cell yield and P3HP content were 1.32 g/L and 0.98% (wt/wt [cell dry weight]), respectively. Although the yield is relatively low, our study shows the feasibility of engineering a P3HP biosynthetic pathway using a structurally unrelated carbon source in bacteria.
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- Carbon cycle of polyhydroxyalkanoates (CCP): Biosynthesis and biodegradation
Si-Qin Zhang, Hao-Zhe Yuan, Xue Ma, Dai-Xu Wei
Environmental Research.2025; 269: 120904. CrossRef - Metabolic flux analysis and metabolic engineering for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production
Bhargavi Subramanian, Souvik Basak, Rithanya Thirumurugan, Lilly M. Saleena
Polymer Bulletin.2024; 81(12): 10589. CrossRef - Microbial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), from lab to the shelf: A review
Seo Young Jo, Seo Hyun Lim, Ji Yeon Lee, Jina Son, Jong-Il Choi, Si Jae Park
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 274: 133157. CrossRef - Next-generation feedstocks methanol and ethylene glycol and their potential in industrial biotechnology
Nils Wagner, Linxuan Wen, Cláudio J.R. Frazão, Thomas Walther
Biotechnology Advances.2023; 69: 108276. CrossRef - Lysine acetylation of Escherichia coli lactate dehydrogenase regulates enzyme activity and lactate synthesis
Min Liu, Meitong Huo, Changshui Liu, Likun Guo, Yamei Ding, Qingjun Ma, Qingsheng Qi, Mo Xian, Guang Zhao
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Poly(3-hydroxypropionate): Biosynthesis Pathways and Malonyl-CoA Biosensor Material Properties
Albert Gyapong Aduhene, Hongliang Cui, Hongyi Yang, Chengwei Liu, Guangchao Sui, Changli Liu
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Biosynthesis of Poly(3HB-co-3HP) with Variable Monomer Composition in Recombinant Cupriavidus necator H16
Callum McGregor, Nigel P. Minton, Katalin Kovács
ACS Synthetic Biology.2021; 10(12): 3343. CrossRef - Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Biopolymers for Biofuel and Biorefineries
Shahina Riaz, Kyong Yop Rhee, Soo Jin Park
Polymers.2021; 13(2): 253. CrossRef - Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Nonnatural Polyesters
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- Bacteria-Based In Vivo Peptide Library Screening Using Biopanning Approach
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Ji-Hyeon Choi , Sang-Hyun Park
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(5):847-851. Published online November 9, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1405-6
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Traditionally, library screening has been performed to identify biologically active agents including small molecules or peptides that inhibit target proteins or molecules with therapeutic interests. Due to its chemical nature, library screening is usually performed under in vitro environments using purified proteins and molecules. However, active agents identified from in vitro screenings often fail to exhibit biological activities in cells. To overcome this inherent limitation, we have developed an in vivo peptide library screening system that allows for the identification of dissociative inhibitors of protein interactions of interest. The screening is based on the reconstitution of the cI repressor from bacteriophage lambda with high-density expression peptide library and is entirely performed in bacteria cells. Furthermore, to enhance the efficacy and sensitivity of the screening, a multiple-round biopanning approach was employed for amplification and enrichment of positive peptides. Overall, this in vivo screening should provide a fast and efficient tool for identification of biologically active peptide molecules against target protein assembly.
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- Characterization of a virulence-modifying protein of Leptospira interrogans identified by shotgun phage display
Fabiana Lauretti-Ferreira, André Azevedo Reis Teixeira, Ricardo José Giordano, Josefa Bezerra da Silva, Patricia Antonia Estima Abreu, Angela Silva Barbosa, Milena Apetito Akamatsu, Paulo Lee Ho
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
- Epidemiological Investigation of eaeA-Positive Escherichia coli and Escherichia albertii Strains Isolated from Healthy Wild Birds
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Jae-Young Oh , Min-Su Kang , Hee-Tae Hwang , Byung-Ki An , Jun-Hun Kwon , Yong-Kuk Kwon
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(5):747-752. Published online November 9, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1133-y
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315
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Escherichia coli has commonly been associated with diarrheal illness in humans and animals. Recently, E. albertii has been reported to be a potential pathogen of humans and animals and to be carried by wild birds. In the present study, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of intimin-producing E. coli and E. albertii strains were evaluated in wild birds in Korea. Thirty one of 790 Enterobacteriaceae strains from healthy wild birds were positive for the intimin gene (eaeA) and twenty two of the 31 strains were identified as atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) that did not possess both EAF and bfpA genes. A total of nine lactose non-fermenting coliform bacterial strains were identified as E. albertii by PCR and sequence analysis of housekeeping genes. A total of 28 (90.3%) eaeA-positive strains were isolated from waterfowl. Fifteen aEPEC (68.2%) and two E. albertii (22.2%) strains had a β-intimin subtype and 14 aEPEC strains harboring β-intimin belonged to phylogenetic group B2. All eaeA-positive E. albertii and 3 aEPEC strains possessed the cytolethal distending toxin gene (cdtB). The eaeA-positive E. coli and E. albertii strains isolated from healthy wild birds need to be recognized as a potential pathogroup that may pose a potential threat to human and animal health. These findings indicate that eaeA-positive E. coli as well as E. albertii can be carried by wild birds, posing a potential threat to human and animal health.
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Citations
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Keiji TAKEHIRA, Sharda Prasad AWASTHI, Noritoshi HATANAKA, Akira NAGITA, Atsushi HINENOYA, Shinji YAMASAKI
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Escherichia albertii
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- NOTE] Development of a High-Throughput Screening Method for Recombinant Escherichia coli with Intracellular Dextransucrase Activity
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So-Ra Lee , Ah-Rum Yi , Hong-Gyun Lee , Myoung-Uoon Jang , Jung-Mi Park , Nam Soo Han , Tae-Jip Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(2):320-323. Published online May 3, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1078-1
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To efficiently engineer intracellular dextransucrase (DSase) expression in Escherichia coli, a high-throughput screening method was developed based on the polymer-forming activity of the enzyme. Recombinant E. coli containing the Leuconostoc citreum DSase (LcDS) gene was grown on Luria-Bertani agar plates, containing 2% sucrose, at 37°C for 8 h. The plates were then evenly overlaid with 0.6% soft agar, containing 1.2 mg/ml D-cycloserine, and incubated at 30°C to allow gradual cell disruption until a dextran polymer grew through the overlaid layer. A significant correlation between dextran size and enzyme activity was established and applied for screening truncated mutants with LcDS activity.
- Occurrence and Antimicrobial Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Commensal and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Fecal Microbiota from Children with and without Acute Diarrhea
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Patrícia G. Garcia , Vânia L. Silva , Cláudio G. Diniz
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(1):46-52. Published online March 3, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0172-8
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309
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Acute diarrhea is a public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The etiology is varied, and the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes are among the most important. Our objectives were to determine the occurrence of commensal and diarrheagenic E.
coli strains in fecal samples from children under five years old and their drug susceptibility patterns. E. coli were isolated from 141 fresh fecal samples; 84 were obtained from clinically injured donors with acute diarrhea (AD) and 57 from clinically healthy donors without diarrhea (WD). Presumptive phenotypic species
identification was carried out and confirmed by amplification of specific 16S ribosomal RNA encoding DNA. Multiplex PCR was performed to characterize the diarrheagenic E. coli strains. Drug susceptibility patterns were determined by the disc-diffusion method. In total, 220 strains were recovered from the fecal specimens
(61.8% from AD and 38.2% from WD). Diarrheagenic E. coli was identified at a rate of 36.8% (n=50) in diarrheic feces and 29.8% (n=25) in non-diarrheic feces. Enteroaggregative E. coli was the most frequently identified pathotype in the AD group (16.2%) and the only pathotype identified in the WD group (30.9%).
Enteropathogenic E. coli was the second most isolated pathotype (10.3%), followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (7.4%) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (2.9%). No enteroinvasive E. coli strains were recovered. The isolates showed high resistance rates against ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.
The most effective drugs were ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam, for which no resistance was observed. Differentiation between the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes is of great importance since they are involved in acute diarrheal diseases and may require specific antimicrobial chemotherapy. The high antimicrobial resistance observed in our study raises a broad discussion on the
indiscriminate or improper use of antimicrobials, besides the risks of self-medication.
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Drug Resistance and Molecular Typing Characteristics of Diarrheagenic
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- Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Factors Analysis of Escherichia coli O157 Strains in China
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Xiao W. Ji , Ya L. Liao , Ye F. Zhu , Hai G. Wang , Ling Gu , Jiang Gu , Chen Dong , Hong L. Ding , Xu H. Mao , Feng C. Zhu , Quan M. Zou
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(6):849-855. Published online January 9, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0132-8
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Escherichia coli O157:H7, an important food-borne pathogen, has become a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7 strains in China. 105 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were collected from various hosts and places over 9 years. A
multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) was applied for bacteria genotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for virulence factor identification. Seven new MLST sequence types (STs), namely ST836, ST837, ST838, ST839, ST840, ST841, and ST842 were identified, which grouped into two lineages.
Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the most two frequent STs in China, ST837 and ST836, may be the derivatives of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai or E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Geographical diversity and host variety of E. coli O157:H7 were observed in China. In addition, the different distribution of tccp was detected. The data presented herein provide new insights into the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7, and aid in the investigation of the transmission regularity and evolutionary mechanism of E. coli O157:H7.
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Margot Ventura, Rosario Oporto-Llerena, Kathya Espinoza, Fernando Guibert, Antonio M. Quispe, Nidia Vilar, María López, Beatriz Rojo-Bezares, Yolanda Sáenz, Joaquim Ruiz, Maria J. Pons
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- Characterization of Escherichia coli EutD: a Phosphotransacetylase of the Ethanolamine Operon
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Federico P. Bologna , Valeria A. Campos-Bermudez , Damián D. Saavedra , Carlos S. Andreo , María F. Drincovich
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):629-636. Published online November 3, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0091-0
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The Escherichia coli genes pta and eutD encode proteins containing the phosphate-acetyltransferase domain. EutD is composed only by this domain and belongs to the ethanolamine operon. This enzyme has not been characterized yet, and its relationship to the multimodular E. coli phosphotransacetylase (Pta) remains unclear. In the present work, a detailed characterization of EutD from E. coli (EcEutD) was performed. The enzyme is a more efficient phosphotransacetylase than E. coli Pta (EcPta) in catalyzing its reaction in either direction and assembles as a dimer, being differentially modulated by EcPta effectors. When comparing EutD and Pta, both from E. coli, certain divergent regions of the primary structure responsible for their unique properties can be found. The growth on acetate of the E. coli pta acs double-mutant strain, was complemented by either introducing EcEutD or by inducing the eut operon with ethanolamine. In this case, the expression of a phosphotransacetylase different from Pta was confirmed by activity assays. Overall, the results indicate that EcEutD and Pta, although able to catalyse the same reaction, display differential efficiency and regulation, and also differ in the induction of their expression. However, under certain growth conditions, they can fulfil equal roles in E. coli metabolism.
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Qiang Li , Dan Wang , Yong Wu , Maohua Yang , Wangliang Li , Jianmin Xing , Zhiguo Su
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):290-296. Published online June 23, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9262-2
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381
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Succinic acid is one of the platform compounds and its production via natural feedstocks has drawn worldwide concerns. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of fermentation products on the growth of Actinobacillus succinogenes 130ZT and Escherichia coli NZN111, AFP111, BL21, fermentations with addition of individual products in medium were carried out. The cell growth was inhibited when the concentrations of formate, acetate, lactate, and succinate were at range of 8.8-17.6 g/L, 10-40 g/L, 9-18 g/L, and 10-80 g/L, respectively. For these two species of bacteria, E. coli was more resistant to acid products than A. succinogenes,
while both endured succinate rather than by-products. As a result of end product inhibition, succinate production yield by A. succinogenes decreased from 1.11 to 0.49 g/g glucose. Logistic and Monod mathematical models were presented to simulate the inhibition kinetics. The Logistic model was found more suitable for
describing the overall synergistic inhibitory effects.
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- Phenotypic Diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains Associated with the Plasmid O157
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Ji Youn Lim , Joon Bae Hong , Haiqing Sheng , Smriti Shringi , Rajinder Kaul , Thomas E. Besser , Carolyn J. Hovde
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):347-357. Published online June 23, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9228-4
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Escherichia coli O157:H7, a food-borne pathogen, causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. A putative virulence factor of E. coli O157:H7 is a 60-MDa plasmid (pO157) found in 99% of all clinical isolates and many bovine-derived strains. The well characterized E. coli O157:H7 Sakai strain (Sakai) and its pO157-cured derivative (Sakai-Cu) were compared for phenotypic differences. Sakai-Cu had enhanced survival in synthetic gastric fluid, did not colonize cattle as well as wild-type Sakai, and had unchanged growth rates and tolerance to salt and heat. These results are consistent with our previous findings with another E. coli O157:H7 disease outbreak isolate ATCC 43894 and its pO157-cured (43894-Cu). However, despite the essentially sequence identical pO157 in these strains, Sakai-Cu had changes in antibiotic susceptibility and motility that did not occur in the 43894-Cu strain. This unexpected result was systematically analyzed using phenotypic microarrays testing 1,920 conditions with Sakai, 43894, and the plasmid-cured mutants. The influence of the pO157 differed between strains on a wide number of
growth/survival conditions. Relative expression of genes related to acid resistance (gadA, gadX, and rpoS) and flagella production (fliC and flhD) were tested using quantitative real-time PCR and gadA and rpoS expression differed between Sakai-Cu and 43894-Cu. The strain-specific differences in phenotype that resulted from the loss of essentially DNA-sequence identical pO157 were likely due to the chromosomal genetic diversity between strains. The O157:H7 serotype diversity was further highlighted by phenotypic microarray comparisons of the two outbreak strains with a genotype 6 bovine E. coli O157:H7 isolate, rarely associated with human disease.
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- Clinical Outcomes and Virulence Factors of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from Southern Alberta, Canada, from 2020 to 2022
Heather Glassman, Vivien Suttorp, Theron White, Kim Ziebell, Ashley Kearney, Kyrylo Bessonov, Vincent Li, Linda Chui
Pathogens.2024; 13(10): 822. CrossRef - Biofilm through the Looking Glass: A Microbial Food Safety Perspective
Sapna Chitlapilly Dass, Rong Wang
Pathogens.2022; 11(3): 346. CrossRef - Metallohelices that kill Gram-negative pathogens using intracellular antimicrobial peptide pathways
Daniel H. Simpson, Alexia Hapeshi, Nicola J. Rogers, Viktor Brabec, Guy J. Clarkson, David J. Fox, Ondrej Hrabina, Gemma L. Kay, Andrew K. King, Jaroslav Malina, Andrew D. Millard, John Moat, David I. Roper, Hualong Song, Nicholas R. Waterfield, Peter Sco
Chemical Science.2019; 10(42): 9708. CrossRef - Recovery from mild Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in young and aged C57BL/6 mice with intact flora estimated by fecal shedding, locomotor activity and grip strength
Marco Malavolta, Andrea Basso, Robertina Giacconi, Fiorenza Orlando, Elisa Pierpaoli, Maurizio Cardelli, Francesca Leoni, Serena Chierichetti, Dorothy Bray, Khadija Benlhassan, Mauro Provinciali
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2019; 63: 1. CrossRef - Antimicrobial Peptides: the Achilles’ Heel of Antibiotic Resistance?
Angélique Lewies, Lissinda H. Du Plessis, Johannes F. Wentzel
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins.2019; 11(2): 370. CrossRef - Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated from High-Event Period Beef Contamination Have Strong Biofilm-Forming Ability and Low Sanitizer Susceptibility, Which Are Associated with High pO157 Plasmid Copy Number
Rong Wang, Brandon E. Luedtke, Joseph M. Bosilevac, John W. Schmidt, Norasak Kalchayanand, Terrance M. Arthur
Journal of Food Protection.2016; 79(11): 1875. CrossRef - Syndrome hémolytique et urémique à Escherichia coli : quels enseignements tirer après l’épidémie européenne de 2011 ?
Adrien Lemaignen, Christophe Ridel, Alexandre Hertig, Eric Rondeau
Néphrologie & Thérapeutique.2013; 9(3): 129. CrossRef - Loss of cAMP/CRP regulation confers extreme high hydrostatic pressure resistance in Escherichia coli O157:H7
Dietrich Vanlint, Brecht J.Y. Pype, Nele Rutten, Kristof G.A. Vanoirbeek, Chris W. Michiels, Abram Aertsen
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2013; 166(1): 65. CrossRef - Genetic Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated from the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) by Using Microarray DNA Technology
Taghi Zahraei Salehi, Alfreda Tonelli, Alberto Mazza, Hamid Staji, Pietro Badagliacca, Iradj Ashrafi Tamai, Reza Jamshidi, Josée Harel, Rossella Lelli, Luke Masson
Molecular Biotechnology.2012; 51(3): 283. CrossRef - Variability of Escherichia coli O157 Strain Survival in Manure-Amended Soil in Relation to Strain Origin, Virulence Profile, and Carbon Nutrition Profile
Eelco Franz, Angela H. A. M. van Hoek, El Bouw, Henk J. M. Aarts
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Journal Article
- Sequence Analysis of the Gene Encoding H Antigen in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food in Morocco
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Samira Badri , Aziz Fassouane , Ingrid Filliol , Mohammed Hassar , Nozha Cohen
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(2):184-187. Published online May 1, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9182-1
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298
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In order to develop other molecular method useful for typing of motile and non motile Escherichia coli strains, a total of 207 strains of E. coli (133 reference strains, 74 food strains) were characterized by analysis of sequences of their amplified flagellin-encoding (fliC) gene products. The collection of reference strains was used for database building of fliC gene sequences. Application of this identification system to 74 E. coli food isolates revealed a reproducible and clear cut classification with very good correlation to results obtained by HhaI restriction of the amplified flagellin gene. The proposed determination of fliC sequences variations should be helpful for epidemiological studies.
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- Molecular Serotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated in Hospital Catering Service in Morocco
Benjelloun Touimi Ghita, Laila Bennani, Sanae Berrada, Moussa Benboubker, Bahia Bennani
International Journal of Microbiology.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef - Identification of new flagellin-encoding fliC genes in Escherichia coli isolated from domestic animals using RFLP-PCR and sequencing methods
Cláudia de Moura, Monique Ribeiro Tiba, Marcio José da Silva, Domingos da Silva Leite
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira.2013; 33(4): 417. CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- NOTE] Evidence Against the Physiological Role of Acetyl Phosphate in the Phosphorylation of the ArcA Response Regulator in Escherichia coli
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Xueqiao Liu , Gabriela R. Peña Sandoval , Barry L. Wanner , Won Seok Jung , Dimitris Georgellis , Ohsuk Kwon
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J. Microbiol. 2009;47(5):657-662. Published online October 24, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0087-9
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300
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The Arc two-component signal transduction system of Escherichia coli comprises the ArcB sensor kinase and the ArcA response regulator. Under anoxic growth conditions, ArcB autophosphorylates and transphosphorylates ArcA, which, in turn, represses or activates its target operons. ArcA has been shown to be able to autophosphorylate in vitro at the expense of acetyl-P. Here, the in vivo effect of acetyl phosphate on the redox signal transduction by the Arc system was assessed. Our results indicate that acetyl phosphate can modulate the expression of ArcA-P target genes only in the absence of ArcB. Therefore, the acetyl phosphate
dependent ArcA phosphorylation route does not seem to play a significant role under physiological conditions.
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Citations
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ArcA modulates multidrug resistance and compound susceptibility in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
through ArcB-independent regulation of the SMR efflux pump kpnEF
Tongtong Fu, Zheng Fan, Yuchen Chen, Zhoufei Li, Hongbo Liu, Bing Du, Xiaohu Cui, Yanling Feng, Hanqing Zhao, Guanhua Xue, Jinghua Cui, Chao Yan, Lin Gan, Junxia Feng, Ziying Xu, Yang Yang, Zihui Yu, Yuehua Ke, Jing Yuan, Monika Kumaraswamy
Microbiology Spectrum.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Theoretical study of ArcB and its dimerization, interaction with anaerobic metabolites, and activation of ArcA
Felipe Padilla-Vaca, Javier de la Mora, Rodolfo García-Contreras, Jorge Humberto Ramírez-Prado, Marcos Vicente-Gómez, Francisco Vargas-Gasca, Fernando Anaya-Velázquez, Itzel Páramo-Pérez, Ángeles Rangel-Serrano, Patricia Cuéllar-Mata, Naurú Idalia Vargas-
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Adrián F. Alvarez, Dimitris Georgellis
Biochemical Society Transactions.2022; 50(6): 1859. CrossRef - The ArcAB Two-Component System: Function in Metabolism, Redox Control, and Infection
Aric N. Brown, Mark T. Anderson, Michael A. Bachman, Harry L. T. Mobley
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Acetate and Potassium Modulate the Stationary-Phase Activation of lrgAB in Streptococcus mutans
Sang-Joon Ahn, Shailja Desai, Loraine Blanco, Min Lin, Kelly C. Rice
Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Identification of Z nucleotides as an ancient signal for two-component system activation in bacteria
Oscar J. Vázquez-Ciros, Adrián F. Alvarez, Dimitris Georgellis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2020; 117(52): 33530. CrossRef - Electrochemically active bacteria sense electrode potentials for regulating catabolic pathways
Atsumi Hirose, Takuya Kasai, Motohide Aoki, Tomonari Umemura, Kazuya Watanabe, Atsushi Kouzuma
Nature Communications.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Organization and mode of action of two component system signaling circuits from the various kingdoms of life
Adrian F. Alvarez, Carlos Barba‐Ostria, Hortencia Silva‐Jiménez, Dimitris Georgellis
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Martha I. Camacho, Adrian F. Alvarez, Ricardo Gonzalez Chavez, Tony Romeo, Enrique Merino, Dimitris Georgellis, J. S. Parkinson
Journal of Bacteriology.2015; 197(5): 983. CrossRef - Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Production of Mixed-Acid Fermentation End Products
Andreas H. Förster, Johannes Gescher
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2014;[Epub] CrossRef - Probing the ArcA regulon in the rumen bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens by genome-wide expression profiling
Seulgi Yun, Jong Moon Shin, Oh-Cheol Kim, Young Ryul Jung, Doo-Byoung Oh, Sang Yup Lee, Ohsuk Kwon
Journal of Microbiology.2012; 50(4): 665. CrossRef -
ArcS, the Cognate Sensor Kinase in an Atypical Arc System of
Shewanella oneidensis
MR-1
Jürgen Lassak, Anna-Lena Henche, Lucas Binnenkade, Kai M. Thormann
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2010; 76(10): 3263. CrossRef - The Physiological Stimulus for the BarA Sensor Kinase
Ricardo Gonzalez Chavez, Adrian F. Alvarez, Tony Romeo, Dimitris Georgellis
Journal of Bacteriology.2010; 192(7): 2009. CrossRef
- The Identification of CTX-M-14, TEM-52, and CMY-1 Enzymes in Escherichia coli Isolated from the Han River in Korea
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Jungmin Kim , Hee Young Kang , Yeonhee Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2008;46(5):478-481. Published online October 31, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0150-y
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390
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24
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Abstract
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From water samples collected monthly between 2000 and 2001 from the Han River in Seoul, sixteen strains of Escherichia coli which confer resistance to at least 10 kinds of antimicrobial agents were isolated. From these isolates, 2 kinds of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and one plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase were detected; CTX-M-14 from 10 isolates, TEM-52 from 5 isolates, and CMY-1 from one isolate. Class 1 integron gene cassettes, such as aadA1, dfr12-orfF-aadA2, and dfr17-aadA5, were also detected and the integrons are the same as those found in E. coli isolated from swine, poultry, and humans in Korea. The result of this study indicated the importance of river water as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes and resistant bacteria.
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- Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in Wastewater and Natural Water Sources from the Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India
Kaushik Satyaprakash, Pavan Kumar Pesingi, Annada Das, M. R. Vineeth, Satya Veer Singh Malik, Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe, Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Freshwater environment as a reservoir of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Sohyun Cho, Charlene R Jackson, Jonathan G Frye
Journal of Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Bacteriological Researches on Zoo and Aquarium
Daisuke SUMIYAMA
Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine.2022; 27(2): 69. CrossRef - Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance in a Small Urban Mediterranean River: A Focus on Endemic Beta-Lactamases in Clinically Relevant Bacteria
Fabien Aujoulat, Rose Ragot, Mylène Toubiana, Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny, Patrick Monfort, Christian Salles, Agnès Masnou, Sophie Delpoux, Marlène Rio, Marie-George Tournoud, Pierre Marchand, Estelle Jumas-Bilak, Patricia Licznar-Fajardo
Water.2021; 13(15): 2010. CrossRef - Occurrence and Diversity of CTX-M-Producing Escherichia coli From the Seine River
Delphine Girlich, Rémy A. Bonnin, Thierry Naas
Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Unexpected common occurrence of transferable extended spectrum cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli in Swedish surface waters used for drinking water supply
Maria Egervärn, Stina Englund, Marianne Ljunge, Christer Wiberg, Maria Finn, Mats Lindblad, Stefan Börjesson
Science of The Total Environment.2017; 587-588: 466. CrossRef - Genetic Investigation of Beta-Lactam Associated Antibiotic Resistance Among Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Water Sources
Reza Ranjbar, Mehrdad Sami
The Open Microbiology Journal.2017; 11(1): 203. CrossRef - Characterization of ceftriaxone-resistant Aeromonas spp. isolates from stool samples of both children and adults in Southern India
Maanasa Bhaskar, K P Dinoop, Jharna Mandal
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Lynda Anssour, Yamina Messai, Meriem Derkaoui, Souhila Alouache, Vanesa Estepa, Sergio Somalo, Carmen Torres, Rabah Bakour
Journal of Chemotherapy.2014; 26(2): 74. CrossRef - Bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance in water habitats: searching the links with the human microbiome
Ivone Vaz-Moreira, Olga C. Nunes, Célia M. Manaia
FEMS Microbiology Reviews.2014; 38(4): 761. CrossRef - Characterization of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater treatment plant in Daegu
Hwan-Deuk Kim, Dae-Hyun Park, Mi-Ree Lee, Eun-Jeong Kim, Jae-Keun Cho
Korean Journal of Veterinary Service.2014; 37(4): 225. CrossRef - Extended spectrum ß-lactamase- and constitutively AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae on fresh produce and in the agricultural environment
Hetty Blaak, Angela H.A.M. van Hoek, Christiaan Veenman, Arieke E. Docters van Leeuwen, Gretta Lynch, Wendy M. van Overbeek, Ana Maria de Roda Husman
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2014; 168-169: 8. CrossRef -
Characterization of ESBLs and Associated Quinolone Resistance in
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Isolates from an Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant in Algeria
Souhila Alouache, Vanesa Estepa, Yamina Messai, Elena Ruiz, Carmen Torres, Rabah Bakour
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Jae-Keun Cho, Hwan-Deuk Kim, Soon-Hyo Kwon, Jin-Hyun Kim, Sung-Il Jang, Choi-Kyu Park, Ki-Seuk Kim
Korean Journal of Veterinary Service.2014; 37(1): 19. CrossRef - Trends in Human Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in the Community: Toward the Globalization of CTX-M
Paul-Louis Woerther, Charles Burdet, Elisabeth Chachaty, Antoine Andremont
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Ana Rita Varela, Célia M. Manaia
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Wei-Hua Zhao, Zhi-Qing Hu
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Jeonghwan Jang, Yae-Seul Suh, Doris Y. W. Di, Tatsuya Unno, Michael J. Sadowsky, Hor-Gil Hur
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Wang-Huei Sheng, Robert E. Badal, Po-Ren Hsueh
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2013; 57(7): 2981. CrossRef - Class 1 and 2 integrons, sul resistance genes and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from Dongjiang River, South China
Hao-Chang Su, Guang-Guo Ying, Ran Tao, Rui-Quan Zhang, Jian-Liang Zhao, You-Sheng Liu
Environmental Pollution.2012; 169: 42. CrossRef - Catheter-Related Bacteremia Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata in a Patient with Breast Cancer
Gee-Wook Shin, Myung-Jo You, Hye-Soo Lee, Chang-Seop Lee
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2012; 50(9): 3129. CrossRef - Antibiotic Resistance and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Isolated Bacteria from Seawater of Algiers Beaches (Algeria)
Souhila Alouache, Mohamed Kada, Yamina Messai, Vanesa Estepa, Carmen Torres, Rabah Bakour
Microbes and Environments.2012; 27(1): 80. CrossRef - Diversity of Clavulanic Acid-Inhibited Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases inAeromonasspp. from the Seine River, Paris, France
Delphine Girlich, Laurent Poirel, Patrice Nordmann
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2011; 55(3): 1256. CrossRef - Nationwide survey of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the French community setting
C. Arpin, C. Quentin, F. Grobost, E. Cambau, J. Robert, V. Dubois, L. Coulange, C. André
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.2009; 63(6): 1205. CrossRef
- Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Acute Diarrheal Patients in the Republic of Korea between the Year 2004 and 2006
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Seung-Hak Cho , Hyun-Ho Shin , Yeon-Hwa Choi , Mi-Sun Park , Bok-Kwon Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2008;46(3):325-330. Published online July 5, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0015-4
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205
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Abstract
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In an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections in the Republic of Korea during three years from 2004 to 2006, we isolated 1,784 (6.2%, isolation rate of enteropathogens from stool samples) in 2004, 2,547 (9.5%) in 2005 and 3,506 bacteria (12.3%) from people who visited clinics. Among the isolated bacteria, pathogenic Escherichia coli, especially, EAEC was the most frequently identified pathogen in both urban and rural regions followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, and Shigella species. Distinct seasonality was found in V. parahaemolyticus species, while this pathogen showed no age-specific patterns. However, other bacteria, i.e., pathogenic E. coli, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and B. cereus showed similar seasonality throughout the year, showing a slight increase in the infection rate during the summer months and high prevalence among children under 10 years of age and elder-age people. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella spp., and S. aureus showed high resistance to penicillins. However, both pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. were susceptible to several cephems, imipenem, and amikacin. Moreover, S. aureus strains resistant to vancomycin were not found. In conclusion, these surveillances can play an important role for the control and prevention to the diseases originated by enteritis bacteria.
- Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp.,Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in Kimchi by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR)
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Yeon Sun Park , Sang Rok Lee , Young Gon Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2006;44(1):92-97.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2331 [pii]
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Abstract
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We developed an mPCR assay for the simultaneous detection, in one tube, of Escherichia coli
O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes using species-specific
primers. The mPCR employed the E. coli O157:H7 specific primer Stx2A, Salmonella spp. specific
primer Its, S. aureus specific primer Cap8A-B and L. monocytogenes specific primer Hly.
Amplification with these primers produced products of 553, 312, 405 and 210 bp, respectively. All
PCR products were easily detected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the sequences of the specific
amplicons assessed. Potential pathogenic bacteria, in laboratory-prepared and four commercially
available kimchi products, were using this mPCR assay, and the amplicons cloned and
sequenced. The results correlated exactly with sequences derived for amplicons obtained during
preliminry tests with known organisms. The sensitivity of the assay was determined for the purified
pathogen DNAs from four strains. The mPCR detected pathogen DNA at concentrations
ranging from approximately 0.45 to 0.05 pM/μl. Thus, this mPCR assay may allow for the rapid,
reliable and cost-effective identification of four potentially pathogens present in the mixed bacterial
communities of commercially available kimchi.
- Fluoroquinolone Resistance and gyrA and parC Mutations of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken
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Young-Ju Lee , Jae-Keun Cho , Ki-Seuk Kim , Ryun-Bin Tak , Ae-Ran Kim , Jong-Wan Kim , Suk-Kyoung Im , Byoung-Han Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2005;43(5):391-397.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2285 [pii]
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Abstract
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Escherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. The intestines of animals also represent an ideal environment for the selection and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance of E. coli isolated from chicken fecal samples to fluoroquinolones and to analyze the characterization of mutations in its gyrA and parC gene related resistance. One hundred and twenty-eight E. coil isolates showed a high resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP; 60.2%), enrofloxacin (ENO; 73.4%) and norfloxacin (NOR; 60.2%). Missense mutation in gyrA was only found in the amino acid codons of Ser-83 or Asp-87. A high percentage of isolates (60.2%) showed mutations at both amino acid codons. Missense mutation in parC was found in the amino acid codon of Ser-80 or Glu-84, and seven isolates showed mutations at both amino acid codons. Isolates with a single mutation in gyrA showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for CIP (≤0.5 to 0.75 ug/ml), ENO (1 to 4 ug/ml) and NOR (0.75 to 4 ug/ml). These MIC were level compared to isolates with two mutations, one in gyrA and one in parC, and three mutations, one in gyrA and two in parC (CIP, ≤0.5 to 3 ug/ml; ENO, 2 to 32< ug/ml; NOR, 1.5 to 6 ug/ml). However, the isolates with two mutation in gyrA regardless of whether there was a mutation in parC showed high MIC for the three fluoroquinolones (CIP, 0.75 to 32 ≤ug/ml; ENO, 3 to 32 ≤ug/ml; NOR, 3 to 32 ≤ug/ml ). Interestingly, although the E. coil used in this study was isolated from normal flora of chicken, not clinical specimens, a high percentage of isolates showed resistance to fluoroquinolones and possessed mutations at gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
- Effect of Titanium-Ion on the Growth of Various Bacterial Species
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Tae Shick Yu
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J. Microbiol. 2004;42(1):47-50.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2001 [pii]
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Abstract
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There are a number of studies that explain the metabolism and roles of metallic titanium and titaniumion. One of the most intriguing results from these studies is the finding of metallic titanium having no bacteriostatic effects on oral bacterial species. In this research, the effects of titanium-ion on the growth of twenty-two bacterial species, some of which are commonly found in foods such as yoghurt, kimchi, and soy fermented products, were investigated. All but two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa appeared to be sensitive to titanium-ion. These two species were grown on 360 μg/ml of titanium-ions, and they were found to be resistant to the titanium-ion. Both the wild type and plasmid cured E. coli showed good growth in a medium with 200 μg/ml of titanium-ions. These results suggest that titanium-resistance was independent from the effects of the plasmid in E. coli.
- Regulation of the Expression of nhaA Gene, Coding Na^+/H^+ Antiporter A of Escherichia coli.
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Seo, Sung Yum , Lee, Seung Heon
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J. Microbiol. 1995;33(2):120-125.
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Abstract
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β-galactosidase activity of Escherichia coli cells containing operon fusion nhaA'-'lacZ was monitored to study the regulation of expression of nhaA gene under various conditions. The expression of the fusion was enhanced only by chemicals containing Na^+ or Li^+. This Na^+ or Li^+. This Na^+(Li^+)-specific enhancement of β-galactosidase activity represented the increase in the rate of synthesis of β-galactosidase rather than the decrease in the breakdown rate. The induction pattern was influenced by copy numbers of the gene. Induction by Na^+ or Li^+ was concentration and time dependent, reaching maximum 5-6 fold induction after 2 hours at 0.4-0.5 M for Na^+ or at 0.25-0.35 M for Li^+, Although the expression was induced at much lower concentration of Na^+ at alkaline pH values than at neutral pH in the presence of Na^+, alkaline pH itself did not induced the expression of the fusion in the absence of Na^+. Temperature shift and growth phase of culture did not affect the level of induction.
- Effect of Zinc and Calcium on the Intracelularly uptake of Cadimium and growth of Escherichia coli
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Hong, Hyo Bong , Brown, Lewis R. , Kim, Jong Kyu
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J. Microbiol. 1995;33(4):302-306.
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Abstract
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E. coli was tested for their ability to uptake cadmium intracellularly, and the effect of zinc and calcium on cadmium toxicity to E. coli was observed. In addition, the effect of zinc and calcium on the uptake of cadimium was also studied. This study showed that living E. coli cells took up more cadmium than the dead cells. E. coli in the log phase uptake cadimiumm more actively than E. coli in the stationary phase. These results suggested that there may be metabolic reactions or compounds which encourage the uptake of cadimium. This study also showed that cadimium was sequestered by cell components of which molecular weight is about 30,000. Adding of zinc and calcium chloride reduced cadmium toxicity in E. coli and encouraged intracellular uptake by E coli. However adding of heavy metal solutions helped the microorganisms to adsorb more cadmium. Extremely high or low concentrations of zinc, however, did not affect cell viability.
- Molecular cloning and expression of shiga-like toxin II gene (slt-II) from an isolated of healthy Korean native bovine feces, fscherichia coli KSC109
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Cha, In Ho , Kim kyoung Sook , Kim, Sang Hyun , Kim, Young Hwan , Lee, Young Choon
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J. Microbiol. 1996;34(2):151-157.
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Abstract
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By PCR amplification using the sequence of the previously cloned shiga-like toxin II DNA, a gene encoding it has been cloned from an isolate of healthy Korean native bovine feces, Escherichia coli KSC109. The nucleotide sequence s included tow open reading frames coding for 319 and 89 amino acids corresponding to A and B subunits, respectively. Comparison of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of newly cloned gene (slt-II) with those of others in the SLT-II family revealed completely identical homology with SLT-II cloned previously from bacteriophabe DNA of E. coli 933 derived from a patient with hemorrhagic colities. In addition, the sequence homology of SLT-II with SLT-II variant form bovine was more than 95% at both the nucleotide and protein levels. Overexpression of SLT-II recombinant gene by induction with IPTG using an E, coli host-vector, system was conducted and the correctly processed products with active mature form exhibited 1000-fold higher cytotoxycity for Vero cells than that form original strain.
- Production of lipocortin-1_1-185 using a recombinant of escherichia coli
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Lee, Kyung Il , Oh, Kyung Hee , Lee, Jung Hyun , Na, Do Sun , Lee, Kye Joon
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J. Microbiol. 1997;35(2):123-126.
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Abstract
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The aim of the present study was to optimize culture condition for the expression of lipocortin 1_1-185 in a recombinant of Escherichia coli using batch system. Plasmid (pHT22) carrying lipocortin-1_1-185 gene was well maintained in the recombinant with the addition of amplicillin as a selection pressures. Optimum temperature was 28℃ for seed culture and 40℃ for main culture and the optimum pH was 7.0. The production of Lipocortin-1_1-185 was closely associated with cell growth and related to plasmid amplification.
- Characterization of a Phage Library Displaying Random 22mer Peptides
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Lee, Seung Joo , Lee, Jeong Hwan , Brian K. Kay , Gideon Dreyfuss , Park, Yong Keun , Kim, Jeong Kook
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J. Microbiol. 1997;35(4):347-353.
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We have characterized a phage library displaying random 22mer peptides which were produced as N-terminal fusions to the pIII coat protein of M13 filamentous phages. Among the sixty phages randomly picked from the library, 25 phages had the 22mer peptide inserts. The DNA sequence analysis of the 25 inserts showed the following results: first, each nucleotide was represented almost equally at each codon position except that there were some biases toward G bases at the first position of the codons. Secondly, the expected 47 sense codons were represented. The deduced amino acid sequences of the 25 inserts were analyzed to examine its diversity. Glycine and glutamate were the two most overrepresented residues above the expected value, whereas cysteine and threonine residues were underrepresented. The range of dicersity in dipeptide sequences showed that the amino acid residues were randomly distributed along the peptide insert. Acidic, basic, polar, and nonpolar amino acid residues were represented to the extent expected at most positions of the peptide inserts. The predicted isoelectric points and hydropathy indices of the 25 peptides showed that a variety of the peptide were represented in the library. These results indicate that this phage display library could be useful in fiuding ligands for a broad spectrum of receptors by affinity screening.
- Characterization and Identification of the Bacteriophage P4 Mutant Suppressin sir Mutations of Bacteriophage P2
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Kim, Kyoung Jin , Sunshine, Melvin G. , Six, Erich W.
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J. Microbiol. 1998;36(4):262-265.
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Abstract
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Bacteriophage P4 ost1 was isolated as a suppressor mutant of P2 sir3 and identified by restriction enzyme site analysis. The mutant DNA turned out to be an imperfect P4 trimer containing deletions. It was suggested that the deletion resulted from int-mediated site-specific recombination. CsCl equilibrium density gradient experiment confirmed the genome size of P4 ostl.
- Characterization of the Two Na^+/H^+ Antiporters of Escherichia coli
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Sung-Yum Seo
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J. Microbiol. 1998;36(1):9-13.
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Escherichia coli has two Na^+/H^+ antiporters which can be used to lower intracellular pH transiently elevated upon exposure to alkaline stress and to extrude intracellular Na^+. Previous studies on the propertied of the Na^+/H^+ antiporter were done, but later studies showed that E. coli has two antiporters(Pinner E., Kolter Y., Padan E., Schuldiner S. (1993) J. Biol. Chem 268, 1729~1734). The properties of each antiporter were studied in this report. Both antiporters were specific only to Na^+ and Li^+, and showed hyperbolic kinetics. K_M values of NhaA were 0.8 mM and 2,2mM for Li^+ and Na^+, respectively. K_M values of NhaB were 2.8mM and 12mM for Li^+ and Na^+, respectively. The pH effects can be summarized as follows: 1) both antiporters do not show activity at very acidic pH values; 2) NhaB seems to work in a neutral pH range; 3) NhaA seems to show activity at alkaline pH. The effect of pH on the kinetics of the antiporters was studied. V_max of NhaB remained maximum in the pH range 7.0~8.2. V_max of NhaA increases steeply in the pH range 6.5~7.8 and remained maximum thereafter up to pH 8.6. When the pH was increased, the K_M decreased sharply, especially for NhaA.
- Concentration of CCCP Should Be Optimized to Detect the Efflux System in Quinolone-Susceptible Escherichia coli
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Hyengun Cho , Yoojung Oh , Seohyung Park , Yeonhee Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2001;39(1):62-66.
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Unlike eukaryotic efflux pumps energized by ATPase, bacterial efflux pumps are energized by the proton motive force. That is the reason why CCCP, an inhibitor of proton motive force, is widely used to study the bacterial efflux pump. In many cases, efflux systems have been observed only in quinoloneresistant bacteria. Most of the quinolone-susceptible strains have been found to maintain little efflux pump. However, some susceptible bacteria showed the increased intracellular quinolone concentration only at a low concentration (0.01 or 0.1 mM) but not at a high concentration (1 mM) of CCCP. If bacterial cells were killed at high concentrations of CCCP and lost the integrity of their membranes, the intracellular quinolone would leak out from cells with no efflux system. The efflux pump system in the quinolone-susceptible strains could not be detected at the same concentration used for sistant bacteria. To test this hypothesis, the intracellular quinolone concentration in the quinolone-susceptible and -resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus was assayed at various concentrations of CCCP. Since the effect of CCCP is very rapid, the survival of bacteria was observed by assaying the DNA synthesis in 5 min. In the case of E. coli, but not P. aeruginosa or S. aureus, the quinolone susceptible strain was more susceptible to CCCP than the quinolone resistant ones, especially when the incubation with CCCP was extended. Decrease of the intracellular quinolone concentration resulted in a false result-no or weak efflux system in the quinolone susceptible strains. Results suggested that the concentration of CCCP should be optimized in order to detect the efflux system in the quinolone susceptible strains of E. coli.
- Expression and Activity of Citrus Phytoene Synthase and [beta]-Carotene Hydroxylase in Escherichia coli
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In-Jung Kim , Kyong-Cheol Ko , Tae-Sik Nam , Yu-Wang Kim , Won-Il Chung , Chan-Shick Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2003;41(3):212-218.
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Citrus phytoene synthase (CitPsy) and [beta]-carotene hydroxylase (CitChx), which are involved in caroteinoid biosynthesis, are distantly related to the corresponding bacterial enzymes from the point of view of amino acid sequence similarity. We investigated these enzyme activities using Pantoea ananatis carotenoid biosynthetic genes and Escherichia coli as a host cell. The genes were cloned into two vector systems controlled by the T7 promoter. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that CitPsy and CitChx proteins are normally expressed in E. coli in both soluble and insoluble forms. In vivo complementation using the Pantoea ananatis enzymes and HPLC analysis showed that [beta]-carotene and zeaxanthin were produced in recombinant E. coli, which indicated that the citrus enzymes were functionally expressed in E. coli and assembled into a functional multi-enzyme complex with Pantoea ananatis enzymes. These observed activities well matched the results of other researchers on tomato phytoene synthase and Arabidopsis and pepper [beta]-carotene hydroxylases. Thus, our results suggest that plant carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes can generally complement the bacterial enzymes and could be a means of carotenoid production by molecular breeding and fermentation in bacterial and plant systems.