Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

H-NS is a Transcriptional Repressor of the CRISPR-Cas System in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606: Kyeongmin Kim, Md Maidul Islam, Seunghyeok Bang, Jeongah Kim, Chung-Young Lee, Je Chul Lee, Minsang Shin; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):999-1012. Published online November 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00182-5

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Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen primarily associated with hospital-acquired infections. The bacterium can gain multidrug resistance through several mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer. A CRISPR-Cas system including several Cas genes could restrict the horizontal gene transfer. However, the molecular mechanism of CRISPR- Cas transcriptional regulation remains unclear. We identified a type I-F CRISPR-Cas system in A. baumannii ATCC 19606^T standard strain based on sequence analysis. We focused on the transcriptional regulation of Cas3, a key protein of the CRISPR-Cas system. We performed a DNA affinity chromatography-pulldown assay to identify transcriptional regulators of the Cas3 promoter. We identified several putative transcriptional factors, such as H-NS, integration host factor, and HU, that can bind to the promoter region of Cas3. We characterized AbH-NS using size exclusion chromatography and cross-linking experiments and demonstrated that the Cas3 promoter can be regulated by AbH-NS in a concentration-dependent manner via an in vitro transcription assay. CRISPR-Cas expression levels in wild-type and hns mutant strains in the early stationary phase were examined by qPCR and β-galactosidase assay. We found that H-NS can act as a repressor of Cas3. Our transformation efficiency results indicated that the hns mutation decreased the transformation efficiency, while the Cas3 mutation increased it. We report the existence and characterization of the CRISPR-Cas system in A. baumannii 19606^T and demonstrate that AbH-NS is a transcriptional repressor of CRISPR-Cas-related genes in A. baumannii.

Syntaxin17 Restores Lysosomal Function and Inhibits Pyroptosis Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii: Zhiyuan An, Wenyi Ding; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):315-325. Published online March 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00109-0

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Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) causes autophagy flux disorder by degrading STX17, resulting in a serious inflammatory response. It remains unclear whether STX17 can alter the inflammatory response process by controlling autolysosome function. This study aimed to explore the role of STX17 in the regulation of pyroptosis induced by A. baumannii. Our findings indicate that overexpression of STX17 enhances autophagosome degradation, increases LAMP1 expression, reduces Cathepsin B release, and improves lysosomal function. Conversely, knockdown of STX17 suppresses autophagosome degradation, reduces LAMP1 expression, augments Cathepsin B release, and accelerates lysosomal dysfunction. In instances of A. baumannii infection, overexpression of STX17 was found to improve lysosomal function and reduce the expression of mature of GSDMD and IL-1β, along with the release of LDH, thus inhibiting pyroptosis caused by A. baumannii. Conversely, knockdown of STX17 led to increased lysosomal dysfunction and further enhanced the expression of mature of GSDMD and IL-1β, and increased the release of LDH, exacerbating pyroptosis induced by A. baumannii. These findings suggest that STX17 regulates pyroptosis induced by A. baumannii by modulating lysosomal function.

Genetic Characteristics and Phylogeographic Dynamics of Echovirus: Yan Wang , Pir Tariq Shah , Yue Liu , Amina Nawal Bahoussi , Li Xing; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(9):865-877. Published online September 15, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00078-w

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Abstract: Echoviruses belong to the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, forming a large group of Enterovirus B (EVB) within the Enteroviruses. Previously, Echoviruses were classified based on the coding sequence of VP1. In this study, we performed a reliable phylogenetic classification of 277 sequences isolated from 1992 to 2019 based on the full-length genomes of Echovirus. In this report, phylogenetic, phylogeographic, recombination, and amino acid variability landscape analyses were performed to reveal the evolutional characteristics of Echovirus worldwide. Echoviruses were clustered into nine major clades, e.g., G1–G9. Phylogeographic analysis showed that branches G2–G9 were linked to common strains, while the branch G1 was only linked to G5. In contrast, strains E12, E14, and E16 clustered separately from their G3 and G7 clades respectively, and became a separate branch. In addition, we identified a total of 93 recombination events, where most of the events occurred within the VP1-VP4 coding regions. Analysis of amino acid variation showed high variability in the a positions of VP2, VP1, and VP3. This study updates the phylogenetic and phylogeographic information of Echovirus and indicates that extensive recombination and significant amino acid variation in the capsid proteins drove the emergence of new strains.

Weigela florida inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infection: Hyo Bin Kim , Soomin Cho , Yeji Lee , Weihui Wu , Un-Hwan Ha; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):649-656. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1638-6

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Inflammatory responses involve the action of inflammatory mediators that are necessary for the clearance of invading bacterial pathogens. However, excessive production of inflammatory mediators can damage tissues, thereby impairing bacterial clearance. Here, we examined the effects of Weigela florida on the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus infection in macrophages. The results showed that pre-treatment with W. florida markedly downregulated the bacterial infectionmediated expression of cytokines. Additionally, post-treatment also triggered anti-inflammatory effects in cells infected with S. aureus to a greater extent than in those infected with P. aeruginosa. Bacterial infection activated inflammation-associated AKT (Thr308 and Ser473)/NF-κB and MAPK (p38, JNK, and ERK) signaling pathways, whereas W. florida treatment typically inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT/NF‐κB and p38/JNK, supporting the anti‐inflammatory effects of W. florida. The present results suggest that W. florida decreases the infection-mediated expression of inflammatory mediators by inhibiting the AKT/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, implying that it may have potential use as an inhibitory agent of excessive inflammatory responses.

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Multifunctional fluorescence probe for simultaneous detection of viscosity, polarity, and ONOO− and its bioimaging in vitro and vivo
Yuan-Yuan Li, Jia-Ling Hu, Ji-Rou Wu, Yi-Ru Wang, Ai-Hong Zhang, Yu-Wei Tan, Ya-Jing Shang, Ting Liang, Min Li, Ya-Li Meng, Yan-Fei Kang
Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2024; 254: 116233. CrossRef
Polymicrobial interactions influence Mycobacterium abscessus co-existence and biofilm forming capabilities
Nishant Nandanwar, Geoffery Gu, Joy E. Gibson, Michael N. Neely
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Tissue damage alleviation and mucin inhibition by P5 in a respiratory infection mouse model with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Jun Hee Oh, Jonggwan Park, Hee Kyoung Kang, Hee Joo Park, Yoonkyung Park
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 181: 117724. CrossRef
Spatiotemporal Deep-Learning-Based Algal Bloom Prediction for Lake Okeechobee Using Multisource Data Fusion
Yufei Tang, Yingqi Feng, Sasha Fung, Veronica Ruiz Xomchuk, Mingshun Jiang, Tim Moore, Jordon Beckler
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.2022; 15: 8318. CrossRef

Lysobacter arenosi sp. nov. and Lysobacter solisilvae sp. nov. isolated from soil: Kyeong Ryeol Kim† , Kyung Hyun Kim† , Shehzad Abid Khan , Hyung Min Kim , Dong Min Han , Che Ok Jeon; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(8):709-718. Published online June 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1156-y

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Abstract

Two Gram-stain negative, yellow-pigmented, and mesophilic bacteria, designated strains R7T and R19T, were isolated from sandy and forest soil, South Korea, respectively. Both strains were non-motile rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive activities. Both strains were shown to grow at 10–37°C and pH 6.0–9.0, and in the presence of 0–1.5% (w/v) NaCl. Strain R7T contained iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and summed feature 9 (comprising C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1 ω9c), whereas strain R19T contained iso-C11:0 3-OH, C16:1 ω7c alcohol, iso-C11:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and summed feature 9 (comprising C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1 ω9c) as major cellular fatty acids (> 5%). Both strains contained ubiquinone- 8 as the sole isoprenoid quinone and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unidentified phospholipid as the major polar lipids. The DNA G + C contents of strains R7T and R19T calculated from their genomes were 66.9 mol% and 68.9 mol%, respectively. Strains R7T and R19T were most closely related to Lysobacter panacisoli C8-1T and Lysobacter niabensis GH34-4T with 98.7% and 97.8% 16S rRNA sequence similarities, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains R7T and R19T formed distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus Lysobacter. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular features, strains R7T and R19T represent novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the names Lysobacter arenosi sp. nov. and Lysobacter solisilvae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of L. arenosi and L. solisilvae are R7T (= KACC 21663T = JCM 34257T) and R19T (= KACC 21767T = JCM 34258T), respectively.

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Luteimonas flava sp. nov. and Aquilutibacter rugosus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from freshwater environments in China and re-examining the taxonomic status of genera Luteimonas and Lysobacter
Huibin Lu, Li Chen, Yujing Wang, Peng Xing, Qinglong Wu
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Saline soil improvement promotes the transformation of microbial salt tolerance mechanisms and microbial-plant-animal ecological interactions
Keyu Yao, Guanghao Wang, Wen Zhang, Qiang Liu, Jian Hu, Mao Ye, Xin Jiang
Journal of Environmental Management.2024; 372: 123360. CrossRef
Optimal Irrigation and Fertilization Enhanced Tomato Yield and Water and Nitrogen Productivities by Increasing Rhizosphere Microbial Nitrogen Fixation
Hongfei Niu, Tieliang Wang, Yongjiang Dai, Mingze Yao, Bo Li, Jiaqi Zheng, Lizhen Mao, Mingyu Zhao, Zhanyang Xu, Feng Zhang
Agronomy.2024; 14(9): 2111. CrossRef
Short-term effect of reclaimed wastewater quality gradient on soil microbiome during irrigation
V. Moulia, N. Ait-Mouheb, G. Lesage, J. Hamelin, N. Wéry, V. Bru-Adan, L. Kechichian, M. Heran
Science of The Total Environment.2023; 901: 166028. CrossRef
Dyadobacter pollutisoli sp. nov., isolated from plastic waste landfill soil
Kyeong Ryeol Kim, Jeong Min Kim, Jae Kyeong Lee, Dong Min Han, Lujiang Hao, Che Ok Jeon
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Physiological and genomic analyses of cobalamin (vitamin B12)-auxotrophy of Lysobacter auxotrophicus sp. nov., a methionine-auxotrophic chitinolytic bacterium isolated from chitin-treated soil
Akihiro Saito, Hideo Dohra, Moriyuki Hamada, Ryota Moriuchi, Yohei Kotsuchibashi, Koji Mori
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Nitratireductor rhodophyticola sp. nov., isolated from marine red algae
Kyung Hyun Kim, Sylvia Kristyanto, Hyung Min Kim, Kyeong Ryeol Kim, Che Ok Jeon
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Description of Corynebacterium poyangense sp. nov., isolated from the feces of the greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons)
Qian Liu, Guoying Fan, Kui Wu, Xiangning Bai, Xi Yang, Wentao Song, Shengen Chen, Yanwen Xiong, Haiying Chen
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(7): 668. CrossRef
Lysobacter ciconiae sp. nov., and Lysobacter avium sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of an Oriental stork
So-Yeon Lee, Pil Soo Kim, Hojun Sung, Dong-Wook Hyun, Jin-Woo Bae
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(5): 469. CrossRef
Isolation and characterization of tick-borne Roseomonas haemaphysalidis sp. nov. and rodent-borne Roseomonas marmotae sp. nov.
Wentao Zhu, Juan Zhou, Shan Lu, Jing Yang, Xin-He Lai, Dong Jin, Ji Pu, Yuyuan Huang, Liyun Liu, Zhenjun Li, Jianguo Xu
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(2): 137. CrossRef
Rhodococcus oxybenzonivorans sp. nov., a benzophenone-3-degrading bacterium, isolated from stream sediment
Ju Hye Baek, Woonhee Baek, Sang Eun Jeong, Sung Chul Lee, Hyun Mi Jin, Che Ok Jeon
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Type 2 human papillomavirus E7 attenuates E-cadherin expression in human keratinocytes: Ji Young Song , Young Min Park , Soon Yong Choi; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(6):616-625. Published online March 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0690-y

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Abstract

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known to utilize the down-regulation of epithelial (E)-cadherin, a major component of adherens junctions of keratinocytes, to evade host immune surveillance in high-risk group. However, the effects of HPV on the function of E-cadherin in low-risk groups remain unknown. We investigated whether type 2 HPV (HPV- 2) E7 could induce alterations in E-cadherin expression in transiently transfected keratinocytes and cell lines expressing HPV-2 E7. To examine the expression pattern of E-cadherin in cutaneous warts and normal skin samples, immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, luciferase assays, western blot, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ecadherin in normal human epidermal keratinocytes transfected with HPV-2 E7 plasmid DNA or E7-specific siRNA and in E7-expressing cell lines. E-cadherin expression levels in HPV-2 positive cutaneous warts were significantly decreased compared to those in normal skin (p < 0.05). Similarly, the mRNA and protein expression levels of E-cadherin in E7 transiently transfected cells were significantly decreased compared to those in empty vector-transfected cells. The decreases were restored by transfection with E7-specific siRNA (p < 0.05). Likewise, cell lines expressing E7 showed a decreased expression of E-cadherin. When the cells were cultured in low attachment plates, cell-to-cell aggregation was inhibited. Taken together, our data suggest that HPV-2 E7, the causative agent of cutaneous warts, could mediate the transcriptional repression of E-cadherin.

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The NLRP3 inflammasome in viral infection (Review)
Qiaoli Zheng, Chunting Hua, Qichang Liang, Hao Cheng
Molecular Medicine Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Crystal structure of human LC8 bound to a peptide from Ebola virus VP35: Dahwan Lim , Ho-Chul Shin , Joon Sig Choi , Seung Jun Kim , Bonsu Ku; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(4):410-416. Published online February 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0641-7

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Abstract

Zaire ebolavirus, commonly called Ebola virus (EBOV), is an RNA virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality. Viral protein 35 (VP35) is a virulence factor encoded in the EBOV genome. VP35 inhibits host innate immune responses and functions as a critical cofactor for viral RNA replication. EBOV VP35 contains a short conserved motif that interacts with dynein light chain 8 (LC8), which serves as a regulatory hub protein by associating with various LC8-binding proteins. Herein, we present the crystal structure of human LC8 bound to the peptide comprising residues 67−76 of EBOV VP35. Two VP35 peptides were found to interact with homodimeric LC8 by extending the central β- sheets, constituting a 2:2 complex. Structural analysis demonstrated that the intermolecular binding between LC8 and VP35 is mainly sustained by a network of hydrogen bonds and supported by hydrophobic interactions in which Thr73 and Thr75 of VP35 are involved. These findings were verified by binding measurements using isothermal titration calorimetry. Biochemical analyses also verified that residues 67−76 of EBOV VP35 constitute a core region for interaction with LC8. In addition, corresponding motifs from other members of the genus Ebolavirus commonly bound to LC8 but with different binding affinities. Particularly, VP35 peptides originating from pathogenic species interacted with LC8 with higher affinity than those from noninfectious species, suggesting that the binding of VP35 to LC8 is associated with the pathogenicity of the Ebolavirus species.

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Crystal Structures of Plk1 Polo-Box Domain Bound to the Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2-Derived Peptide
Sujin Jung, Hye Seon Lee, Ho-Chul Shin, Joon Sig Choi, Seung Jun Kim, Bonsu Ku
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(8): 755. CrossRef
Borna Disease Virus 1 Phosphoprotein Forms a Tetramer and Interacts with Host Factors Involved in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and mRNA Processing
Nicolas Tarbouriech, Florian Chenavier, Junna Kawasaki, Kamel Bachiri, Jean-Marie Bourhis, Pierre Legrand, Lily L. Freslon, Estelle M. N. Laurent, Elsa Suberbielle, Rob W. H. Ruigrok, Keizo Tomonaga, Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia, Masayuki Horie, Etienne Coyaud,
Viruses.2022; 14(11): 2358. CrossRef
Structural and biochemical analysis of the PTPN4 PDZ domain bound to the C-terminal tail of the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein
Hye Seon Lee, Hye-Yeoung Yun, Eun-Woo Lee, Ho-Chul Shin, Seung Jun Kim, Bonsu Ku
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(4): 395. CrossRef

Molecular mechanism of Escherichia coli H10407 induced diarrhoea and its control through immunomodulatory action of bioactives from Simarouba amara (Aubl.): Hegde Veena , Sandesh K. Gowda , Rajeshwara N. Achur , Nayaka Boramuthi Thippeswamy; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(4):435-447. Published online February 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0423-2

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Abstract

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is a major cause of death in children under the age of five in developing countries. ETEC (O78:H11:CFA/I:LT+:ST+) mechanism has been studied in detail with either heat labile (LT) or heat stable (ST) toxins using in vitro and in vivo models. However, there is no adequate information on ETEC pathogenesis producing both the toxins (LT, ST) in BALB/c mice model. In this study, female mice have been employed to understand ETEC H10407 infection induced changes in physiology, biochemical and immunological patterns up to seven days post-infection and the antidiarrhoeal effect of Simarouba amara (Aubl.) bark aqueous extract (SAAE) has also been looked into. The results indicate that BALB/c is sensitive to ETEC infection resulting in altered jejunum and ileum histomorphology. Withal, ETEC influenced cAMP, PGE2, and NO production resulting in fluid accumulation with varied Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+ levels. Meanwhile, ETEC subverted expression of IL-1β, intestine alkaline phosphatase (IAP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in jejunum and ileum. Our data also indicate the severity of pathogenesis reduction which might be due to attainment of equilibrium after reaching optimum rate of infection. Nevertheless, degree of pathogenesis was highly significant (p < 0.01) in all the studied parameters. Besides that, SAAE was successful in reducing the infectious diarrhoea by inhibiting ETEC H10407 in intestine (jejunum and ileum), and shedding in feces. SAAE decreased cAMP, PGE2, and fluid accumulation effectively and boosted the functional activity of immune system in jejunum and ileum IAP, MPO, IL-1β, and nitric oxide.

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Relaxed Cleavage Specificity of Hyperactive Variants of Escherichia coli RNase E on RNA I
Dayeong Bae, Hana Hyeon, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Kangseok Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(2): 211. CrossRef
A systematic antidiarrhoeal evaluation of a vegetable root Begonia roxburghii and its marker flavonoids against nonpathogenic and pathogenic diarrhoea
Rupali S. Prasad, Nikhil Y. Yenorkar, Suhas R. Dhaswadikar, Saurabh K. Sinha, Nitish Rai, Pravesh Sharma, Onkar Kulkarni, Neeraj Kumar, Mahaveer Dhobi, Damiki Laloo, Shailendra S. Gurav, Prakash R. Itankar, Satyendra K. Prasad
Food Bioscience.2023; 53: 102672. CrossRef

iTRAQ-facilitated proteomic analysis of Bacillus cereus via degradation of malachite green: Bobo Wang , Jing Lu , Junfang Zheng , Zhisheng Yu; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):142-150. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0441-0

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Abstract

The wide use of malachite green (MG) as a dye has caused substantial concern owing to its toxicity. Bacillus cereus can against the toxic effect of MG and efficiently decolourise it. However, detailed information regarding its underlying adaptation and degradation mechanisms based on proteomic data is scarce. In this study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-facilitated quantitative method was applied to analyse the molecular mechanisms by which B. cereus degrades MG. Based on this analysis, 209 upregulated proteins and 198 downregulated proteins were identified with a false discovery rate of 1% or less during MG biodegradation. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis determined that the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in metabolic processes, catalytic activity, antioxidant activity, and responses to stimuli. Furthermore, real-time qPCR was utilised to further confirm the regulated proteins involved in benzoate degradation. The proteins BCE_4076 (Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase), BCE_5143 (Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase), BCE_5144 (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), BCE_4651 (Enoyl-CoA hydratase), and BCE_5474 (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) involved in the benzoate degradation pathway may play an important role in the biodegradation of MG by B. cereus. The results of this study not only provide a comprehensive view of proteomic changes in B. cereus upon MG loading but also shed light on the mechanism underlying MG biodegradation by B. cereus.

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Engineering globins for efficient biodegradation of malachite green: two case studies of myoglobin and neuroglobin
Jiao Liu, Jia-Kun Xu, Hong Yuan, Xiao-Juan Wang, Shu-Qin Gao, Ge-Bo Wen, Xiang-Shi Tan, Ying-Wu Lin
RSC Advances.2022; 12(29): 18654. CrossRef

The putative polysaccharide synthase AfCps1 regulates Aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis and conidia immune response in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages: Sha Wang , Anjie Yuan , Liping Zeng , Sikai Hou , Meng Wang , Lei Li , Zhendong Cai , Guowei Zhong; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):64-75. Published online November 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0347-x

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Aspergillus fumigatus is a well-known opportunistic pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA) infections with high mortality in immunosuppressed individuals. Morphogenesis, including hyphal growth, conidiation, and cell wall biosynthesis is crucial in A. fumigatus pathogenesis. Based on a previous random insertional mutagenesis library, we identified the putative polysaccharide synthase gene Afcps1 and its paralog Afcps2. Homologs of the cps gene are commonly found in the genomes of most fungal and some bacterial pathogens. Afcps1/cpsA is important in sporulation, cell wall composition, and virulence. However, the precise regulation patterns of cell wall integrity by Afcps1/cpsA and further effects on the immune response are poorly understood. Specifically, our in-depth study revealed that Afcps1 affects cell-wall stability, showing an increased resistance of ΔAfcps1 to the chitinmicrofibril destabilizing compound calcofluor white (CFW) and susceptibility of ΔAfcps1 to the β-(1,3)-glucan synthase inhibitor echinocandin caspofungin (CS). Additionally, deletion of Afcps2 had a normal sporulation phenotype but caused hypersensitivity to Na+ stress, CFW, and Congo red (CR). Specifically, quantitative analysis of cell wall composition using high-performance anion exchange chromatography- pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD) analysis revealed that depletion of Afcps1 reduced cell wall glucan and chitin contents, which was consistent with the downregulation of expression of the corresponding biosynthesis genes. Moreover, an elevated immune response stimulated by conidia of the ΔAfcps1 mutant in marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) during phagocytosis was observed. Thus, our study provided new insights into the function of polysaccharide synthase Cps1, which is necessary for the maintenance of cell wall stability and the adaptation of conidia to the immune response of macrophages in A. fumigatus.

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Study on the metabolic changes and regulatory mechanism of Aspergillus flavus conidia germination
Sifan Jia, Chong Li, Yu An, Desheng Qi, Erik F. Y. Hom
Microbiology Spectrum.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Chitin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus Species
Veronica S. Brauer, André M. Pessoni, Mateus S. Freitas, Marinaldo P. Cavalcanti-Neto, Laure N. A. Ries, Fausto Almeida
Journal of Fungi.2023; 9(1): 89. CrossRef
Evidencing New Roles for the Glycosyl-Transferase Cps1 in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea
Matthieu Blandenet, Isabelle R. Gonçalves, Christine Rascle, Jean-William Dupuy, François-Xavier Gillet, Nathalie Poussereau, Mathias Choquer, Christophe Bruel
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(9): 899. CrossRef

Zur-regulated lipoprotein A contributes to the fitness of Acinetobacter baumannii: Eun Kyung Lee , Chul Hee Choi , Man Hwan Oh; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):67-77. Published online January 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9531-7

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Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a notorious nosocomial pathogen that commonly infects severely ill patients. Zinc (Zn) is essential to survive and adapt to different environment and host niches in A. baumannii. Of the Zinc uptake regulator (Zur)-regulated genes in A. baumannii, the A1S_3412 gene encoding a Zur-regulated lipoprotein A (ZrlA) is critical for cell envelope integrity and overcoming antibiotic exposure. This study investigated whether ZrlA contributes to the fitness of A. baumannii in vitro and in vivo using the wildtype A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ΔzrlA mutant, and zrlAcomplemented strains. The ΔzrlA mutant showed reduced biofilm formation, surface motility, and adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells compared to the wild-type strain. In a mouse pneumonia model, the ΔzrlA mutant showed significantly lower bacterial numbers in the blood than the wildtype strain. These virulence traits were restored in the zrlAcomplemented strain. Under static conditions, the expression of csuCDE, which are involved in the chaperone-usher pili assembly system, was significantly lower in the ΔzrlA mutant than in the wild-type strain. Moreover, the expression of the bfmR/S genes, which regulate the CsuA/BABCDE system, was significantly lower in the ΔzrlA mutant under static conditions than in the wild-type strain. Our results indicate that the zrlA gene plays a role in the fitness of A. baumannii by regulating the BfmR/S two-component system and subsequently the CsuA/BABCDE chaperone-usher pili assembly system, suggesting it as a potential target for anti-virulence strategies against A. baumannii.

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Molecular Detection of Pap II, OmpA, and LuxR Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Hospitalized Patients
Estabraq Ali Maklef, Amal A. Kareem, Susan F. K. Al-Sudani
Medical Journal of Babylon.2024; 21(Suppl 2): S258. CrossRef
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Massimiliano Lucidi, Daniela Visaggio, Antonella Migliaccio, Giulia Capecchi, Paolo Visca, Francesco Imperi, Raffaele Zarrilli
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Characterization of the Zinc Uptake Repressor (Zur) from Acinetobacter baumannii
Minyong Kim, My Tra Le, Lixin Fan, Courtney Campbell, Sambuddha Sen, Daiana A. Capdevila, Timothy L. Stemmler, David P. Giedroc
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Xiaomei Ren, Lauren D. Palmer, Karen M. Ottemann
Infection and Immunity.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A response regulator controls Acinetobacter baumannii virulence by acting as an indole receptor
Binbin Cui, Quan Guo, Xia Li, Shihao Song, Mingfang Wang, Gerun Wang, Aixin Yan, Jianuan Zhou, Yinyue Deng, Marenda Wilson-Pham
PNAS Nexus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition as key virulence mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii and the corresponding anti-virulence strategies
Soffi Kei Kei Law, Hock Siew Tan
Microbiological Research.2022; 260: 127032. CrossRef
Carboxy-Terminal Processing Protease Controls Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Biofilm in Acinetobacter baumannii
Rakesh Roy, Ren-In You, Chan-Hua Chang, Chiou-Ying Yang, Nien-Tsung Lin
Microorganisms.2021; 9(6): 1336. CrossRef
ppGpp signaling plays a critical role in virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii
Kyeongmin Kim, Maidul Islam, Hye-won Jung, Daejin Lim, Kwangsoo Kim, Sung-Gwon Lee, Chungoo Park, Je Chul Lee, Minsang Shin
Virulence.2021; 12(1): 2122. CrossRef
COG0523 proteins: a functionally diverse family of transition metal-regulated G3E P-loop GTP hydrolases from bacteria to man
Katherine A Edmonds, Matthew R Jordan, David P Giedroc
Metallomics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of Zur-regulated lipoprotein A in bacterial morphology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and production of outer membrane vesicles in Acinetobacter baumannii
Nayeong Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Man Hwan Oh, Se Yeon Kim, Mi Hyun Kim, Joo Hee Son, Seung Il Kim, Minsang Shin, Yoo Chul Lee, Je Chul Lee
BMC Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Insights Into Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii and Implications for Uropathogenesis
Jennifer M. Colquhoun, Philip N. Rather
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Sterilization efficiency of pathogen-contaminated cottons in a laundry machine: Yoonjae Shin , Jungha Park , Woojun Park; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):30-38. Published online November 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9391-1

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Abstract

Pathogenic bacteria on abiotic surfaces such as fabrics, bedding, patient wears, and surgical tools are known to increase the risk of bacterial diseases in infants and the elderly. The desiccation tolerance of bacteria affects their viability in cotton. Thus, washing and drying machines are required to use conditions that ensure the sterilization of bacteria in cotton. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of various sterilization conditions of washing and drying machines on the survival of three pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) commonly presented in contaminated cotton and two non-pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) in cotton. High survival rates of A. baumannii and S. aureus in desiccated cotton were observed based on scanning electron microscope and replicate organism direct agar contact assay. The survival rates of A. baumannii and S. aureus exposed in desiccated cotton for 8 h were higher (14.4 and 5.0%, respectively) than those of other bacteria (< 0.5%). All tested bacteria were eradicated at low-temperature (< 40°C) washing with activated oxygen bleach (AOB). However, bacterial viability was shown in low temperature washing without AOB. High-temperature (> 60°C) washing was required to achieve 99.9% of the sterilization rate in washing without AOB. The sterilization rate was 93.2% using a drying machine at 60°C for 4 h. This level of sterilization was insufficient in terms of time and energy efficiency. High sterilization efficiency (> 99.9%) at 75°C for 3 h using a drying machine was confirmed. This study suggests standard conditions of drying machines to remove bacterial contamination in cotton by providing practical data.

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Acinetobacter chinensis, a novel Acinetobacter species, carrying blaNDM-1, recovered from hospital sewage: Yiyi Hu , Yu Feng , Jiayuan Qin , Xiaoxia Zhang , Zhiyong Zong; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):350-355. Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8485-0

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Abstract

Two strains of the genus Acinetobacter, named WCHAc- 010005 and WCHAc010052, were isolated from hospital sewage at West China Hospital in Chengdu, China. The two strains were found to be resistant to carbapenems due to the presence of carbapenemase gene blaNDM-1. Based on the comparative analysis of the rpoB sequence, the two strains formed a strongly supported and internally coherent cluster (intracluster identity of 98.7%), which was clearly separated from all known Acinetobacter species (≤ 83.4%). The two strains also formed a tight and distinct cluster based on the genuswide comparison of whole-cell mass fingerprints generated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In addition, the combination of their ability to assimilate malonate but not benzoate, and the inability to grow at 37°C could distinguish the two strains from all known Acinetobacter species. The two strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing using both short-read Illumina HiSeq2500 platform and the longread MinION sequencer. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization value between the genomes of WCHAc010005 and WCHAc010052 was 96.69% and 74.3% respectively, whereas those between the two genomes and the known Acinetobacter species were < 80% and < 30%, respectively. Therefore, the two strains represent a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter chinensis sp. nov. is proposed, and the type strain is WCHAc- 010005T (= GDMCC 1.1232T = KCTC 62813T).

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Reviews

REVIEW] Antibiotic-resistant clones in Gram-negative pathogens: presence of global clones in Korea: Kwan Soo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(3):195-202. Published online October 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8491-2

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Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern in public health. Antibiotic-resistant clones can spread nationally, internationally, and globally. This review considers representative antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterial clones–CTX-M- 15-producing ST131 in Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing ST11 and KPC-producing ST258 in Klebsiella pneumoniae, IMP-6-producing, carbapenem-resistant ST235 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and OXA-23- producing global clone 2 in Acinetobacter baumannii–that have disseminated worldwide, including in Korea. The findings highlight the urgency for systematic monitoring and international cooperation to suppress the emergence and propagation of antibiotic resistance.

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Fang Rong, Ziyi Liu, Pengbin Yang, Feng Wu, Yu Sun, Xuewei Sun, Jun Zhou
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Gold nanoparticle-DNA aptamer-assisted delivery of antimicrobial peptide effectively inhibits Acinetobacter baumannii infection in mice
Jaeyeong Park, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Younkyung Choi, Minju Joo, Minho Lee, Je Hyeong Kim, Jeehyeon Bae, Kangseok Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(1): 128. CrossRef
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Yingying Kong, Qingyang Sun, Hangfei Chen, Mohamed S. Draz, Xinyou Xie, Jun Zhang, Zhi Ruan
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[Minireview] Antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Acinetobacter species and emerging combination therapy: Bora Shin , Woojun Park; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(11):837-849. Published online October 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7288-4

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Abstract

The increasing antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter species in both natural and hospital environments has become a serious problem worldwide in recent decades. Because of both intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, novel therapeutics are urgently required to treat Acinetobacter-associated infectious diseases. Among the many pathogenic Acinetobacter species, A. baumannii has been reported to be resistant to all classes of antibiotics and contains many AMR genes, such as blaADC (Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinase). The AMR of pathogenic Acinetobacter species is the result of several different mechanisms, including active efflux pumps, mutations in antibiotic targets, antibiotic modification, and low antibiotic membrane permeability. To overcome the limitations of existing drugs, combination theraphy that can increase the activity of antibiotics should be considered in the treatment of Acinetobacter infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind Acinetobacter AMR resistance will provide vital information for drug development and therapeutic strategies using combination treatment. Here, we summarize the classic mechanisms of Acinetobacter AMR, along with newly-discovered genetic AMR factors and currently available antimicrobial adjuvants that can enhance drug efficacy in the treatment of A. baumannii infections.

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