Journal of Microbiology

Volume 48(3); June 2010

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Streptococci from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Cases: Emel Banu Buyukunal Bal , Suleyman Bayar , Mehmet Ali Bal; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):267-274. Published online June 23, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9373-9

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The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococci and Streptococci were assessed from subclinical mastitis cases. One hundred Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and 34 Streptoccocci were identified. The most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus haemolyticus (27%) and Staphylococcus simulans (24%). Susceptible CNS species revealed the highest resistance to penicillin G (58%), ampicillin (48%), neomycin (20%), and oleandomycin (14%). CNS methicillin resistance rates within 82 isolates were 21.95% and 1.22% by disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. These results suggested the disk diffusion
method
was more prone to yield false positives. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA region from the mecA carrying isolate (S. haemolyticus) was homologous with S. haemolyticus sequences/accessions obtained from GenBank. However, the mecA gene sequence from this isolate was more closely allied with the S. aureus mecA gene of human origins. Identical sequence data was acquired from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, suggesting horizontal gene transfer between the two species. CNS β-lactamase activity within 81 isolates was 29.63%. The most frequently isolated Streptococcus species were S. uberis (52%) and S. agalactiae (15%). Oleandomycin was the least effective antimicrobial agent on these isolates with 59% susceptibility. Results indicated that CNS and Streptococci exhibited various antimicrobial resistance responses. Consequently, isolation and identification of udder pathogens in herds suffering from subclinical agents is essential to select the most effective antimicrobial agent. Moreover, multiple resistance features of methicillin resistant (MR) isolates should be considered during antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

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Isolation, Characterization, and Abundance of Filamentous Members of Caldilineae in Activated Sludge: Dae-No Yoon , Soo-Je Park , So-Jeong Kim , Che Ok Jeon , Jong-Chan Chae , Sung-Keun Rhee; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):275-283. Published online June 23, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9366-8

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Abstract PDF: Chloroflexi are currently believed to serve as backbone forming agents in the activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we isolated and characterized filamentous bacteria in the class Caldilineae of the phylum Chloroflexi in municipal WWTPs. Diversity analysis using Chloroflexi-specific 16S rRNA gene clone libraries showed that 97% of the clones belonged to the subdivision Anaerolineae comprising the two classes Anaerolineae (95%) and Caldilineae (2%). Clones of Caldilineae were related to a thermophilic filament Caldilinea aerophila with 93% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. We obtained filamentous isolates classified into the class Caldilineae showing the best match to C. aerophila with 89% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Isolates showed no ability to assimilate glucose or N-acetylglucosamine or to degrade biopolymers which were observed in filamentous Chloroflexi of WWTPs. The assessment of relative abundance based on quantitative PCR of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that members of the class Caldilineae comprised 12-19% of the Chloroflexi in the activated sludge. Additionally, fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments showed that diverse filamentous Caldilineae inhabit the activated sludge of municipal WWTPs. These findings yield insight into the role of filamentous mesophilic Caldilinea in stabilizing flocs of activated sludge in a wide range of WWTPs.

Assessment of Soil Fungal Communities Using Pyrosequencing: Young Woon Lim , Byung Kwon Kim , Changmu Kim , Hack Sung Jung , Bong-Soo Kim , Jae-Hak Lee , Jongsik Chun; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):284-289. Published online June 23, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9369-5

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107 Scopus

Abstract PDF: Pyrosequencing, a non-electrophoretic method of DNA sequencing, was used to investigate the extensive fungal community in soils of three islands in the Yellow Sea of Korea, between Korea and China. Pyrosequencing was carried out on amplicons derived from the 5′ region of 18S rDNA. A total of 10,166 reads were obtained, with an average length of 103 bp. The maximum number of fungal phylotypes in soil predicted at 99% similarity was 3,334. The maximum numbers of phylotypes predicted at 97% and 95% similarities were 736 and 286, respectively. Through phylogenetic assignment using BLASTN, a total of 372 tentative taxa were identified. The majority of true fungal sequences recovered in this study belonged to the Ascomycota (182 tentative taxa in 2,708 reads) and Basidiomycota (172 tentative taxa in 6,837 reads). The predominant species of Ascomycota detected have been described as lichen-forming fungi, litter/wood decomposers, plant parasites, endophytes, and saprotrophs: Peltigera neopolydactyla (Lecanoromycetes), Paecilomyces sp. (Sordariomycetes), Phacopsis huuskonenii (Lecanoromycetes), and Raffaelea hennebertii (mitosporic Ascomycota). The majority of sequences in the Basidiomycota matched ectomycorrhizal and wood rotting fungi, including species of the Agaricales and Aphyllophorales, respectively. A high number of sequences in the Thelephorales, Boletales, Stereales, Hymenochaetales, and Ceratobasidiomycetes were also detected. By applying high-throughput pyrosequencing, we observed a high diversity of soil fungi and found evidence that pyrosequencing is a reliable technique for investigating fungal communities in soils.

Kinetic Evaluation of Products Inhibition to Succinic Acid Producers Escherichia coli NZN111, AFP111, BL21, and Actinobacillus succinogenes 130ZT: Qiang Li , Dan Wang , Yong Wu , Maohua Yang , Wangliang Li , Jianmin Xing , Zhiguo Su; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(3):290-296. Published online June 23, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-9262-2

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