- Recent Advances of Nipah Virus Disease: Pathobiology to Treatment and Vaccine Advancement
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Sagnik Saha, Manojit Bhattacharya, Sang-Soo Lee, Chiranjib Chakraborty
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J. Microbiol. 2024;62(10):811-828. Published online September 18, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00168-3
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 Abstract
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The zoonotic infection of the Nipah virus (NiV) has yet again appeared in 2023 in Kerala state, India. The virus, which has a mortality rate ranging from about 40 to 70%, has already infected India five times, the first being in 2001. The current infection is the sixth virus outbreak in the Indian population. In 1998, the first NiV infection was noted in one village in Malaysia. After that, outbreaks from other South and Southeast Asian countries have been reported periodically. It can spread between humans through contact with body fluids.
Therefore, it is unlikely to generate a new pandemic. However, there is a considerable knowledge gap in the different areas of NiV. To date, no approved vaccines or treatments have been available. To fulfil the knowledge gap, the review article provided a detailed overview of the genome and genome-encoded proteins, epidemiology, transmission, pathobiology, immunobiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures, therapeutics (monoclonal antibodies and drug molecules), and vaccine advancement of the emerging and deadly pathogen. The advanced information will help researchers to develop safe and effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens worldwide.
- Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review
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Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Md Aminul Islam, Hatem Zayed, Elijah Ige Ohimain, Sang-Soo Lee, Prosun Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Dhama
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J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):337-354. Published online May 23, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00138-9
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Crossref
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Abstract
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Reverse zoonosis reveals the process of transmission of a pathogen through the human-animal interface and the spillback of the zoonotic pathogen. In this article, we methodically demonstrate various aspects of reverse zoonosis, with a comprehensive discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV reverse zoonosis. First, different components of reverse zoonosis, such as humans, different pathogens, and numerous animals (poultry, livestock, pets, wild animals, and zoo animals), have been demonstrated. Second, it explains the present status of reverse zoonosis with different pathogens during previous occurrences of various outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Here, we present 25 examples from literature. Third, using several examples, we comprehensively illustrate the present status of the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Here, we have provided 17 examples of SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonosis and two examples of MPXV reverse zoonosis. Fourth, we have described two significant aspects of reverse zoonosis: understanding the fundamental aspects of spillback and awareness. These two aspects are required to prevent reverse zoonosis from the current infection with two significant viruses. Finally, the One Health approach was discussed vividly, where we urge scientists from different areas to work collaboratively to solve the issue of reverse zoonosis.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by  - Phylogenetic analyses of the spread of Clade I MPOX in African and non-African nations
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Arpita Das, Ali S. Abdelhameed
Virus Genes.2025; 61(3): 265. CrossRef - Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of monkeypox virus clades I, II, and goatpox virus
Yongqiang Lin, Zijing Guo, Jinsong Chen, Xianwen Zhang, Long Zhou, Yanmin Li, Zhidong Zhang
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Differential Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Immune Evasion: Insights from Delta and Kappa Variants
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(12): 2506. CrossRef
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